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Mozambique Island, a UNESCO World Heritage property, faces significant challenges due to climate change and extreme weather events. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for assessing morphological vulnerabilities and enhancing urban resilience in this unique historical urban landscape. The research methodology involves a thorough analysis of historical cartography, urban evolution, topography, and vernacular architecture, combined with recent conservation assessments and case studies from other climate-vulnerable regions. This study reveals the island's dual urban structure, comprising the Stone and Lime town and the Macuti town, each with distinct morphological characteristics and vulnerabilities. Historical maps and topographical analysis demonstrate how the island's geography has shaped its urban development, with the Stone and Lime town built on higher ground and the Macuti town situated at or below sea level, increasing its flood risk. The research highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with resilience strategies while respecting the authenticity and integrity of the World Heritage property. Key findings include the need for a GIS-based management tool for continuous conservation assessment, and the crucial role of community engagement in implementing resilience mechanisms. This study contributes to the broader discourse on cultural heritage as a contributor to architectural and urban resilience, offering valuable insights for other World Heritage properties facing similar climate challenges. The proposed framework emphasizes the importance of balancing heritage preservation with adaptive strategies, while enhancing the island's resilience facing climate-related threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of 20th-century architectural heritage presents unique challenges due to the modern materials and construction techniques used by pioneering architects. This paper investigates the preservation challenges of iconic architectural works exposed to water environments, focusing on Fallingwater by Frank Lloyd Wright and the Boa Nova Tea House by Álvaro Siza Vieira. These structures, situated in natural settings with significant exposure to water, serve as case studies for examining conservation methods and their broader implications. This study explores archival documents, interviews with conservation experts, and literature reviews to highlight the main degradation phenomena related to the impact of environmental conditions on the material's integrity. Despite limited specific data on monitoring and maintenance, this research underscores the importance of ongoing conservation efforts. Fallingwater's case highlights the necessity of restoration techniques, while the Boa Nova Tea House illustrates minimal intervention strategies to maintain authenticity. This study concludes that the effective conservation of 20th-century built heritage necessitates a balance between preserving original design intents and adapting to environmental challenges. It emphasizes the need for innovative conservation strategies, adherence to international guidelines, and the establishment of comprehensive management and monitoring plans to safeguard the integrity and authenticity of culturally significant architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]