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The concept of product life cycle evolves with the development of technology. PLM tools provide information support for products at all stages of the life cycle. The maintenance and repair system, as a resource-intensive component of the life cycle, has great potential for increasing economic efficiency through the introduction of a decentralized resource management system. The article shows how this problem is solved by the introduction of decentralized technologies that work in real time: distributed artificial intelligence technologies; multi-agent systems; blockchain. Similar solutions are also applicable to product configuration management processes. It has been proven that the use of blockchain technology makes it possible to track parameters about the load and condition of goods at all stages of the life cycle, reduce the number of intermediaries and optimize the cost of the life cycle of goods as a whole.

The urgency of solving contemporary problems of efficiency and preservation of environmental quality necessitates the formation of a new environmental policy. The article outlines the main theoretical approaches to the study of environmental problems within the framework of theoretical concepts of economics. The point of view of the concept, system of tools and models of environmental policy is presented. The authors view environmental policy as social transformation from the perspective of a three-dimensional implicit analytical framework. It is shown that nature is integrated into the service sector through the creation of a new apparatus. This process has led to a profound institutionalization, commoditization and homogenization of the relationship between nature and society.

In the current environment of increasing social and economic problems in Russian society, it is very important to increase the level of social responsibility of the business community and strengthen its institutional framework. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic relations that arise when corporations and economic entities interact in order to implement social responsibility. The paper begins with a presentation of the main theoretical approaches to defining models of corporate social responsibility of business. Elements of business social responsibility, a risk management system, and priority areas for forming a business social responsibility policy were identified. The novelty element of the research consists in building organizational and structural model of effective interaction between the management of the microsystem and mesosystem and the corporation on issues of social and economic development within the framework of the corporate social responsibility policy. The practical significance of the study is to determine the goals, objectives and principles of interaction between corporations and microsystem and mesosystems within the framework of corporate social responsibility. In addition, the areas and means of such interaction have been identified. The participation of the business community in the development of the social sphere should have a positive impact on maintaining social stability and economic balance.

The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness., Competing Interests: Authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Levels of Al, Sc, V, Co, Ni, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, Th and U that were rarely or never studied, as well as the concentrations of classically investigated Mn, Fe and Zn in brown algae Cystoseira barbata C. Ag. and Cystoseira crinita (Desf.) Bory from the coastal waters of marine protected areas (Crimea, Black Sea), were determined using neutron activation analysis. Spatial variation and compartmentalization were studied for all 19 trace elements (TE). Concentrations of most TE were higher in "branches" than in "stems". Spatial variations of V, Co, Ni and Zn can be related to anthropogenic activities while Al, Sc, Fe, Rb, Cs, Th and U varied depending on chemical peculiarities of the coastal zone rocks. TE concentrations in C. crinita from marine protected areas near Tarkhankut peninsula and Cape Fiolent, identified as the most clean water areas, are submitted as the background concentrations., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Review is devoted to the analysis of a radioecological situation in the North-western Black Sea and concerns the levels of contamination of the components of an ecosystem by the main artificial radioactive isotopes ((90)Sr, (137)Cs, (239,240)Pu). The long-term accumulation trends of these radionuclides were analyzed in components of the Black Sea ecosystem after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Zones that have an increased ability to accumulate these radioisotopes were revealed. The assessment of irradiation dose rates formed by (90)Sr, (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu in Black Sea hydrobionts was obtained. The strategy for biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of natural resources should include monitoring of the radioecological state of the marine ecosystems, and the formation of a complex of biogeochemical criteria for assessment of an ecological situation in the sea. This approach is important for marine protected areas, since it allows the formation of a basis for scientific and practical function., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mussels and tunicates cultivated in Mediterranean and Black Sea are the sources of antitumor drugs. Three compounds isolated from these animals (ET-743, aplidin and bryostatin-1) are on the II-III stages of clinical trials. Carotenoid fucoxantin that is present in edible brown algae possesses antitumor activity. The consumption of brown macrophyts decreases the risk of cancer development.