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Compounds of pentachlorophenol and particularly the sodium salt (Na-PCP), have been widely used for a variety of agricultural and industrial purposes. The pollution of aquatic ecosystems by Na-PCP has assumed serious proportions due to its toxicity and accumulative effect in organisms and environment. The objective of this laboratory study was to examine and quantify the histopathological effects of Na-PCP on the structure of the gill, as one of the most important organs targeted by phenol entries, in the freshwater snail, Holandriana holandrii. Based on the results of a preliminary mortality test, three experimental concentrations were chosen: 0.56, 1.00 and 5.6 mg L-1 Na-PCP for the semi-static test. Histological sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, were observed under a light microscope equipped with digital camera and analysed with image analysis software to quantify histopathological lesions. Results indicated serious structural changes in epithelial cells and underlaying connective tissue of gills, which were accelerated with an increase of Na-PCP concentrations and more pronounced in relation to the exposed period. Significant gill structural changes appeared as a progressive necrosis at epithelial cells and the epithelial lining was interrupted, while connective tissue exhibited vacuolization, formation of large irregular spaces and damaged chitinous rods. Epithelial height measured showed significant difference among experimental groups exposed to different concentrations of Na-PCP and control. Further on, measured connective tissue width also showed a statistically significant difference. We can conclude that the histomorphometric approach in quantifying of toxicant effects on animal tissue could be applied in legislative prevention of adverse effects in freshwater ecosystems, and H. holandrii can serve as a good indicator of freshwater deterioration.

The pollution of aquatic ecosystems by sodium pentachlorophenolate (Na-PCP) has assumed serious proportions due to their toxicity and accumulative effect in organisms and environment. The objective of this experimental study was to examine and quantify the histopatological effects of Na-PCP on the structure of hepatopancreas and gill, as two most important organs targeted by phenol entries, in the freshwater snail, Holandriana holandrii. Results indicate serious structural changes in tissue and epithelial cells of both organs and were accelerated with increase of Na-PCP concentrations and more pronounced related to exposed period. In hepatopancreas, tubular lumen, vacuole surface and number per tubule, exudate area in the tubular lumen, all increased with increase in concentration. Opposite trend of decreased height was observed for digestive and basophil cells. Significant gill structural changes appeared as a progressive necrosis at epithelial cells and the epithelial lining was interrupted, while connective tissue exhibited vacuolization, formation of large irregular spaces and damaged chitinous rods. Histomorphometrical approach in quantification of toxicant effects on the organism tissue could be used in legislative prevention of hazardous effects in freshwater ecosystems and H. holandrii may serve as a reliable and sentinel indicator of freshwater deterioration.

In this case report, it is reported about a patient with an inoperable chordoma of the lumbar spine who experienced adequate pain relief with epidural analgesia via a downward - directed epidural catheter.

U ovom radu je opisana metoda određivanja starosti radioaktivnim izotopom ugljika i predstavljeni su rezultati određivanja starosti uzoraka drvenih greda sa građevine Kaštele. U teorijskom uvodu su obrađeni osnovni fizikalni koncepti na kojima se metoda temelji. Opisane su dvije korištene tehnike mjerenja, tehnika Akceleratorske masene spektrometrije i tehnika Tekućinske scintilacijske spektrometrije. Rezultati su uspoređeni s pretpostavljenom starošću uzoraka koja je provedenim mjerenjima potvrđena. Starost Kaštela ranije nije bila određena metodama apsolutnog određivanja starosti zbog čega rezultati ovog diplomskog rada mogu biti polazna točka za daljnje istraživanje te povijesne lokacije. U zadnjem poglavlju je opisana ideja za projekt kojim bi se povezala nastava predmeta fizike i povijesti korištenjem metode \(^{14}C\). This thesis describes the radiocarbon dating method and presents the results of the dating of the wooden beams from the building Kaštele. The theoretical introduction contains the basic physical concepts of the method. Descriptions are given of the two dating techniquesused, namely the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and the Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry. The results are compared with the assumed age of the samples, which was confirmed by the measurements. The age of the Kaštele was not previously determined by methods of absolute age determination. Therefore, the results presented in this thesis can be a starting point for further research into this historical site. The last chapter presents an idea for a project by which the teaching of physics and history of using the \(^{14}C\) method can be linked.

Pain localized to masticatory muscle area and/or temporomandibular joint area, followed with an irregular lower jaw movement, is the most prominent symptom of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Literature data indicate that symptoms and signs of TMD significantly influence the function of the orofacial system, the socio-psychological status and the quality of life of patients. Multidisciplinary approach to treatment arises from the complex and multifactorial etiology of TMD and the significant role of psychosocial factors. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been recommended as therapeutic modality aimed at treating TMD because of its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and biostimulative effects. Nevertheless, research results remain contradictory at present and no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal parameters and protocols of laser therapy. The goal of this research was to examine the effects of low level laser therapy on reducing pain intensity in patients with TMD. With the use of the standard protocol for diagnostifying TMD, established by Dworkin and LeResche (RDC/TMD), 63 participants had been selected and randomly constituted into two experimental groups. The first group included 35 participants which have been subjected to low level laser therapy (LLLT) three times a week, in the duration of five weeks (Wavelength: 780 nm; Probe aperture: 1 cm2; Time: 60 sec per point; Number of treated points: 4; Power density: 70 mW/cm2; Radiant energy: 4.2 J; Daily energy delivered: 16,8 J; Energy density (dose): 4,2 J/cm2; Total treatment dose: 16,8 J/cm2; Cumulative dose: 252 J/cm2). The second group included 28 participants subjected to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy - NSAID (ibuprofen) in the duration of two weeks (first three days 3x400mg, remaining time 2x400mg per day). In order to measure the therapy effects, pain intensity evaluation has been conducted via the visual analog scale (VAS), as well as the evaluation of maximal mouth opening range without experiencing pain. Evaluations have been conducted within the LLLT group prior to conducting therapy, after the fifth and the tenth therapy sessions consecutively, as well as immediately following therapy, then two weeks after therapy conclusion and finally three months after therapy conclusion. Using the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14), evaluation has been conducted prior to therapy and three months after therapy, with the goal of assessing the influence of pain intensity on the participants' quality of life. The activity analyses concerning salivary alpha-amylase and cortical concentration have been conducted on TMD participants prior and post therapy, as well as on 22 control group participants without TMD symptoms. Research results indicate that there has been a significant reduction in pain intensity within both therapy groups an increase in painless mouth opening range. Pain intensity and painless mouth opening range analyses conducted within the three months after the conclusion of therapy indicate that the accomplished therapy results are sustainable. Comparing OHIP-14 questionnaire scale scores shows a significant increase in quality of life in TMD participants, after applying therapeutic modalities. The results of salivary biomarker analyses show a significant increase in salivary alpha-amylase activity concerning TMD participants when comparing them with control group participants, while no significant differences in cortical concentration have been noticed..., Bol lokalizovan u mastikatornim mišićima i/ili temporomandibularnim zglobovima praćen neregularnim kretnjama donje vilice, najizraţeniji je simptom temporomandibularnih disfunkcija (TMD). Literaturni podaci ukazuju da simptomi i znaci TMD znaĉajno utiĉu na funkciju orofacijalnog sistema, socio-psihološki status i kvalitet ţivota pacijenata. Multidisciplinarni pristup leĉenju proizilazi iz kompleksne i multifaktorijalne etiologije TMD i znaĉajne uloge psihosocijalnih faktora. Terapija laserom male snage (low level laser therapy - LLLT) predloţena je kao terapijski modalitet u leĉenju TMD zbog svojih analgetiĉkih, antiiflamatornih i biostimulativnih efekata. MeĊutim, rezultati istraţivanja su još uvek kontradiktorni i nije uspostavljen konsenzus oko optimalnih parametara laserskog zraĉenja i optimalnog terapijskog protokola. Cilj istraţivanja bio je da se ispita da li terapija laserom male snage utiĉe na smanjenje intenziteta bola kod osoba sa temporomandibularnim disfunkcijama. Upotrebom standardnog protokola za dijagnostiku temporomandibularnih disfunkcija predloţenog od strane Dworkin i LeResche (RDC/TMD) izdvojeno je 63 ispitanika. Nasumiĉnim izborom formirane su dve eksperimentalne grupe ispitanika. Prvu grupu ĉinilo je 35 ispitanika koji su bili podvrgnuti terapijom laserom male snage (LLLT) tri puta nedeljno tokom pet nedelja (talasna duţina lasera: 780 nm; otvor laserske sonde: 1 cm; trajanje aplikacije: 60 sekundi po jednoj taĉki; broj tretiranih taĉaka: 4; gustina snage (intenzitet): 70 mW/cm2; predata energija po taĉki: 4.2 J; ukupna predata energija u jednoj poseti: 16,8 J; gustina energije (doza): 4,2 J/cm2; doza po tretmanu: 16,8 J/cm2; kumulativna doza: 252 J/cm2). Drugu grupu ĉinilo je 28 ispitanika kod kojih je sprovedena terapija nesteroidnim antiinflamatornim lekovima - NSAID (ibuprofen) tokom dve nedelje (u prva tri dana 3x400mg, preostalo vreme 2x400mg dnevno). U cilju procene efekata terapije, vršeno je merenje intenziteta bola pomoću vizuelno analogne skale (VAS) i merenje opsega maksimalnog bezbolnog otvaranja usta. Merenja su vršena pre poĉetka terapije, posle 5. i 10. posete za grupu pacjenata tretiranih LLLT, neposredno po završetku terapije, dve nedelje po završetku terapije i tri meseca po završetku terapije. Pomoću upitnika za procenu uticaja oralnog zdravlja na kvalitet ţivota (Oral Health Impact Profile - OHIP-14), vršeno je merenje pre poĉetka terapije i tri meseca po završetku terapije, radi procene uticaja intenziteta bola na kvalitet ţivota ispitanika. Analiza aktivnosti salivarne alfa-amilaze i koncentracije kortizola u pljuvaĉci vršena je u ispitanika sa TMD pre i posle terapije, kao i kod ispitanika kontrolne grupe koju je ĉinilo 22 odrasle osobe bez znakova i simptoma TMD. Rezultati istraţivanja ukazuju da je u obe terapijske grupe postignuta znaĉajna redukcija intenziteta bola i poboljšanje opsega bezbolnog otvaranja usta. Analizom intenziteta bola i opsega bezbolnog otvaranja usta tokom perioda praćenja od tri meseca utvrĊeno je da su se postignuti terapijski rezultati odrţali. PoreĊenje skorova na skali OHIP-14 upitnika ukazuje na znaĉajno poboljšanje kvaliteta ţivota ispitanika sa TMD nakon primenjenih terapijskih modaliteta...

Background/Aim. Many studies investigated association between stress, anxiety or personality traits and sleep bruxism (SB), but results are still contradictory. We aimed to investigate whether there is a relation between clinically diagnosed sleep bruxism and salivary cortisol levels as one of the major stress biomarkers and to examine psychological factors and personality traits specific to sleep bruxism. Methods. A total of 23 sleep bruxism patients and 42 healthy non-sleep bruxism adults participated in this study. Diagnose of sleep-bruxism was assessed by self-report and clinical examination and also confirmed by bed-partner. Morning saliva was collected from all participants for analyses of the cortisol level. Sleep bruxism patients underwent a psychodiagnostic personality interpretation using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - MMPI-202 test. Results. Statistically significant difference between levels of morning salivary cortisol in the group of SB patients and the control group was recorded (t = 2.943, p lt 0.01). Analysis of the personality profiles indicated that the sleep bruxism patients avoid contact with unpleasant feelings, especially depression, suppress the aggression and censor the expression of anger and rage. Conclusion. This study showed that patients with sleep bruxism have higher levels of salivary cortisol. Personality traits such as depression, hypomania and suppressed aggression were found to be common characteristics in patients with sleep bruxism. Present findings might support the hypothesis that sleep bruxism and psychological states such as stress may be related, but the cross-sectional nature of this study does not allow us to draw conclusions about the causal relationship between stress, personality traits and sleep bruxism., Uvod/Cilj. Mnoge studije ispitivale su povezanost između stresa, anksioznosti, crta ličnosti i bruksizma, ali su rezultati i dalje kontradiktorni. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispita da li postoji povezanost između klinički dijagnostikovanog bruksizma koji se javlja tokom spavanja i koncentracije kortizola u salivi koja se smatra jednim od glavnih biomarkera stresa, kao i da se ispitaju psihološki faktori i crte ličnosti osoba sa bruksizmom. Metode. Studija je obuhvatila 23 bolesnika sa bruksizmom i 42 zdrava ispitanika bez znakova bruksizma. Dijagnoza bruksizma uspostavljena je na osnovu spostvene izjave i kliničkog pregleda kao i potvrde partnera. Uzorci jutarnje pljuvačke prikupljani su radi analize kortizola. Bolesnici sa bruksizmom podvrgnuti su psihodijagnostičkom ispitivanju pomoću Minesota multifaznog testa ličnosti - MMPI-202. Rezultati. U grupi bolesnika sa bruksizmom registrovana je značajno veća koncentracija kortizola u pljuvačci u poređenju sa pacijentima bez znakova bruksizma (t = 2.943, p lt 0.01). Psihodijagnostička interpretacija profila ličnosti pokazala je da ispitanike sa bruksizmom karakteriše izbegavanje kontakta sa neprijatnim osećanjima, posebno depresijom i potiskivanje agresivnosti, odnosno izražena autocenzura na otvoreno ispoljavanje ljutnje i besa. Zaključak. Kod bolesnika sa bruksizmom registrovane su povećane koncentracije kortizola u salivi. Psihodijagnostička analiza ukazuje da su depresija, hipomanija i supresija agresije izražene kod bolesnika sa bruksizmom. Nalazi bi mogli da podrže hipotezu povezanosti bruksizma u toku spavanja i stresa, ali priroda ove studije ne dozvoljava izvođenje zaključaka o uzročnoj povezanosti stresa, crta ličnosti i bruksizma u toku spavanja.

Morphometrical observations of histopathological changes induced by phenol intoxication were performed and analysed on the freshwater snail Holandriana holandrii. We exposed animals to sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP ; 0.56, 1.0 mg/L) through the period of acute toxicity, and compared them with the control samples. Morphometrical analysis of target organs were performed on routine paraffine sections using light microscope with a digital camera AxioCam ERc 5s and software Zen 2 Lite (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Germany). Measurement was conducted on tubular area, tubular lumen area and vacuoles of digestive tubules and epithelium and lamellar width of the gills. We recorded and compared remarkable histopathological alterations in animals treated with toxicant through the time and between different concentrations, which included shedding and swelling of tubular cells and disorganization of tubules in digestive glands, while lamellar spaces in the gills were distended. Histomorphometry was confirmed as a powerful tool in the quantitative measurements of ecotoxicological impact of xenobiotics upon freshwater organisms.

Aesthetic outcome of implant therapy involves the appropriate architecture of peri-implant soft tissue and interdental papilla. The dynamic compression technique of soft tissue is mentioned in contemporary literature as one of the methods for achieving optimal emergence profile. The aim of this case report was to present soft tissue prosthetic modeling with temporary crowns on implants for obtaining an emergence profile of final restoration. A 25-year-old female patient with missing left maxillary central incisor was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery School of Dental Medicine University in Belgrade for dental implant placement. After detailed planning, implant placement of Straumann Bone level implant NC O 3, 3×12 mm (StraumannR Bone Level NC), in the position of 21 was performed. Upon completion of osseointegration period, screw retained laboratory temporary crown was fabricated. During the next 3 months emergence profile was scalloped by creating additional pressure on the soft tissue with periodic adding the composite resin material to a temporary crown. The created emergence profile was transferred to the master cast by using customized impression coping, making possible fabrication of the final implant restoration according to the design made with provisional restoration. Soft tissue conditioning using temporary dental restorations on implants presents a non-invasive method with predictable aesthetic result., Estetski uspeh implantološke terapije podrazumeva odgovarajuću arhitekturu periimplantatnih mekih tkiva i interdentalne papile. Tehnika dinamičke kompresije mekih tkiva pominje se u savremenoj literaturi kao jedna od metoda za postizanje optimalnog izlaznog profila. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se predstavi mogućnost protetičkog modelovanja mekih tkiva zubnom nadoknadom na implantatu za dobijanje izlaznog profila definitivne nadoknade. Žena stara 25 godina sa nedostatkom centralnog sekutića u gornjoj vilici s leve strane upućena je na Kliniku za oralnu hirurgiju Stomatološkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu radi ugradnje implantata. Posle detaljnog planiranja, u predelu zuba 21 ugrađen je Straumann Bone level implant NC O 3,3×12,0 mm (Straumann® Bone Level NC). Po završenom periodu oseointegracije izrađena je laboratorijska privremena krunica retinirana zavrtnjem. Tokom sledeća tri meseca izlazni profil je oblikovan periodičnim stvaranjem dodatnog pritiska na meka tkiva dodavanjem kompozitnog materijala na privremenu krunicu. Izlazni mekotkivni profil je pomoću individualizovanog transfera pozicije implantata prenet na radni model, što je omogućilo izradu konačne keramičke hibridne krunice prema dizajnu koji je kreiran privremenom nadoknadom. Priprema mekih tkiva privremenim zubnim nadoknadama na implantatima je neinvazivna klinička metoda s predvidljivim estetskim rezultatom i zadovoljavajućom visinom i širinom interdentalne papile.

Od najranijih vremena čovjek ima potrebu za odijevanjem. Razlozi su ponajprije bili praktične naravi - kao zaštita od klimatskih uvjeta, okoliša i nametnika. Način na koji se moda razvijala kroz stoljeća doveo je do toga da je sama odjeća ljudima služila za pokazivanje društvenog statusa, bogatstva ili osobnosti. Moda prvo nastaje među privilegiranom elitom jer su oni bili nosioci pravila odijevanja, ponašanja i održavanja tijela. Moda je zapravo jako stara – nastala je u onom trenutku kada je čovjek prvi put izradio i obukao odjevni predmet bez opipljive svrhe. Dodaci odjevnim predmetima, poput ukrasnih češljeva, broševa i nakita, odigrali su također značajnu ulogu u nastanku i razvoju modnih trendova. O modi drevnih naroda danas znamo onoliko koliko nam govore slike i sačuvani predmeti. Sukladno s time, saznanja o modi antičke Grčke dobivena su iz mnogih umjetničkih djela nastalih u to doba. Grčka kultura i danas je priznata kao jedna od najrazvijenijih i najnaprednijih svjetskih kultura, jednako svojom raznolikošću i opsegom. Zato nije ni čudno da mnogi dizajneri crpe svoju inspiraciju iz sveoubuhvatne grčke kulture. Ovaj rad, kroz povijesni prikaz razvoja Grčke i njene kulture, te kroz inspiriranu kolekciju, prikaz je koliko je bezvremenska moda i kultura antičke Grčke.

Rijeka Cetina je jedan od najznačajnijih vodotoka u obalnom području Hrvatske, a karakterizira je vrlo osebujna ihtiofauna, koju čini veći broj endemičnih vrsta riba. Zbog značajnog hidroenergetskog potencijala antropogeni utjecaj na rijeci Cetini doveo je do velikih promjena u izgledu i ekološkim značajkama staništa. Podaci o prisutnosti i rasprostranjenosti pojedinih vrsta riba na istraživanom području prikupljeni su terenskim istraživanjem u trajanju od četiri godine. Glavni cilj ovog rada bio je pomoću indeksa bioraznolikosti opisati ihtiocenoze Cetine i utvrditi postojanje eventualnih prostornih i/ili vremenskih razlika te jesu li uvjetovane ekološkim svojstvima postaja ili su posljedica antropogenog djelovanja. Utvrđene su razlike u raznolikosti i sastavu ihtiofaune po postajama i godinama istraživanja uslijed pregradnje rijeke, nastanka akumulacijskih jezera, unosa alohtonih vrsta, ali i specifičnih ekoloških uvjeta određenih postaja. The river Cetina is one of the most significant water courses in the coastal region of Croatia. It is characterized by a distinctive ichthyofauna, which is consisted of a large number of endemic fish species. Due to its considerable hydropower potential, anthropogenic impact on the river Cetina has led to major changes in appearance and environmental characteristics of the habitat. Data on the presence and distribution of individual species in the area was collected during the four - year field research. The main purpose of this thesis was to describe ichthyocenosis of the river Cetina, using the indices of biodiversity, and determine the existence of any spatial and/or temporal differences and whether they were caused by the environmental attributes of the stations or were they a result of anthropogenic activities. Due to the remodeling of the river, the occurrence of accumulation lakes, introduction of alien species and specific environmental conditions of certain stations, differences in the diversity and composition of the ichthyofauna have been determined on the certain stations during the years of research.

Prilagođavanje promjenama u svjetskim turističkim tijekovima odrazilo su se na ulaganje u podizanje kvalitete proizvoda i usluga te izgradnju turističkih kapaciteta koji su pridonijeli turističkom razvoju. Hrvatska se danas ubraja među najkonkurentnije turističke zemlje na svijetu te doživljava ponovi uspon u turizmu. Sektor turizma predstavlja jedno od važnijih pokretača rasta i razvoja gospodarstva, te se uvelike odražava na najznačajnije pokazatelje kao što su bruto domaći proizvod, bruto dodana vrijednost i zaposlenost kako na razini države tako i na razini pojedine regije. Promatrajući turizam kao skup svih djelatnosti gospodarstva kojeg određuje (turistička) potražnja, ovaj rad ima za svrhu prikazati udio turizma na bruto društveni proizvod u Republici Hrvatskoj, udio turizma u bruto dodanoj vrijednosti i utjecaj na zapošljavanje u Šibensko-kninskoj županiji.

Ovaj rad opisuje koralje (Anthozoa) i njihove strukture - koraljne grebene. Koraljni grebeni su ekosustavi velike bioraznolikosti, koji rastu samo u toplim, plitkim i bistrim morima. Ključ ove izvanredne biološke produktivnosti i sposobnosti lučenja vapnenca u izgradnji koraljnih grebena je simbioza koralja i fotosintetskih algi zooksantela. Koralji zooksantelama omogućuju očuvani okoliš, te ih opskrbljuju spojevima potrebnim za fotosintezu, dok zooksantele proizvode kisik, pomažu koraljima da uklone metaboličke otpatke, te ih opskrbljuju organskim proizvodima fotosinteze. Kako koralji rastu i šire se, grebeni stvaraju jednu od tri glavne strukture – rubni greben, barijera ili atol. Najpoznatiji koraljni grebeni, navedeni u ovom seminaru su Veliki koraljni greben, Srednjoamerički greben, Novokaledonijski koraljni greben i Paulley Ridge. Većina grebena nalazi se na UNESCO-vom popisu svjetske baštine jer su suočeni s brojnim opasnostima, kako prirodnim tako i antropogenim. This work describes the corals (Anthozoa) and their structure - the coral reefs. Coral reefs are ecosystems of high biodiversity, which grow only in warm, shallow and clear seas. The key to this remarkable biological productivity and ability to excrete limestone to build coral reefs is a symbiotic relationship between corals and the photosynthetic algae Zooxanthellae. Corals allow Zooxanthellae preserved environment and supply them with compounds necessary for photosynthesis, while Zooxanthellae produce oxygen, help the coral to remove metabolic waste and supply them with organic products of photosynthesis. As corals grow and expand, reefs create one of the three main structures - the fringing reef, barrier or atoll. The most famous coral reefs, which are listed in this seminar are the Great Barrier Reef, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, the New Caledonia Barrier Reef and the Paulley Ridge. Most of the reefs are on the UNESCO world heritage list, because they are faced with many dangers, both natural and anthropogenic.

Multipli mijelom (MM) je novotvorina koja spada u skupinu plazma staničnih novotvorina, a lokalizirana je unutar koštane srži. (Barlogie i sur. 1989) Koštana srž je u bolesnika oboljelih od MM-a normocelularna ili hipercelularna, a plazma stanice čine više od 10% ukupnog broja stanica. Tumorske stanice MM-a su nekompletno diferencirane plazma stanice, a njihove morfološke karakteristike direktno su povezane s prognozom i terapijskim odgovorom u bolesnika s MM-om. (Carter i sur. 1987) Morfološka obilježja normalne i poremećene strukture koštane srži osnova su analize biopsije i citoloških razmaza aspirata koštane srži. Materijali i metode. U osamdeset bolesnika s klinički potvrđenom dijagnozom MM-a analizirane su biopsije i citološki razmazi aspirata koštane srži učinjene pri dijagnostičkom protokolu u vrijeme postavljanja dijagnoze i prije početka liječenja. Biopsije koštane srži obrađivane su rutinskim postupkom, te su bojane hemalaun eozinom, Giemsom, Berlinskim modrilom, PAS, Masson i Gömorii metodom. Citološki razmazi aspirata koštane srži na standardnim i silaniziranim predmetnim staklima bojani su May- Grűnwald Giemsom. Rezultati. Morfološka analiza biopsije i citoloških razmaza koštane srži u 80 bolesnika oboljelih od MM-a pokazala je da su u 14/80 (17.5%) slučajeva tumorske plazma stanice bile morfološkog stupnja diferenciranosti III, a u 66/80 (82.5%) slučajeva morfološkog stupnja diferenciranosti I ili II. U 31/80 (38.7%) slučajeva tumorske plazma stanice difuzno su infiltrirale koštanu srž, a nedifuzni tip infiltrata nađen je u 49/80 (61.3%) slučajeva. U bolesnika oboljelih od MM-a s difuznim tipom infitrata tumorskim plazma stanicama nađena je statistički značajna pojavnost više od 33% tumorskih stanica morfološkog stupnja diferenciranosti III (P

Krovni vrtovi nisu novost. Pojavljuju se već u antička vremena, a velik razvoj i napredak u načinu i tehnici izvođenja te materijalima koji se koriste, vidljiv je od sredine prošlog stoljeća do danas. Posljednih desetljeća krajobrazni arhitekti, arhitekti, građevinari i urbanisti počeli su se uvelike vraćati krovnim vrtovima, ali ne toliko zbog ljepote koliko zbog praktičnosti i sposobnosti ublažavanja ekstremnih vremenskih uvjeta. Uvjeti na krovu, kao što su mala dubina supstrata za razvoj korijena, suša i izloženost vjetru, nisu povoljni za veliki broj biljaka. Ipak, postoje biljne vrste koje i u ovakvim uvjetima obavljaju sve svoje životne funkcije.

Ulazak u integracijske procese zahtjeva od svake države da inozemnom tržištu ponudi proizvode koji će moći u novom okruženju opstati i konkurirati. Predmet ovog rada je pozicija hrvatskih izvoznih proizvoda na europskom tržištu. Hrvatska treba razviti konkurentsko okruženje za gospodarstvo koje bi moglo ostvariti onu razinu dohotka na kojoj se zemlja navikla živjeti i trošiti. Proizvodnju treba preusmjeriti ka industrijama u kojima će presudni biti faktori konkurentnosti poput znanja, kvalitete, stručnosti i dizajna.

Ana Miletić je prevela Strabonove tekstove iz 4. i 7. poglavlja Strabonove Geografije u kojim on detaljno opisuje japodski prostor. Radi se o prvorazrednom izvoru za poznavanje prostora koji su u prapovijesti i antici nastavali Japodi (Lika, Ogulinsko-plaščanske udoline). Osim prijevod u diplomskom se radu donosi i interpretacija izvora.