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This paper explores a rapid and low-intensity qualitative method that yields deep and rich insights into Generation Z and Millennials, who constitute the largest consumer group in history. This group favours frictionless digital solutions and their engagement with 'elaborate' qualitative techniques is unlikely, requiring researchers to marshal efficient technology-facilitated methods that render comparable insight. We assess the capacity of a 'simple' projective technique – online word association, accompanied by a few supporting questions – to offer as fine-grained insight into this consumer group against a more involved story stem completion method. The UK buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) context provides a complex novel market for this examination. Results suggest strong conceptual interconnection between the word association and the story stem completion task. Word associations generated similar resonance and tonality to that of the story stem but in a more compact manner, which liberates researchers and participants alike. The word association task focuses and delineates attention on a narrower set of words, not often done in the context of more traditional qualitative techniques, including story stem completion. Young consumers' vocabularies reveal their most salient perceptions of the phenomenon. The word association task also facilitates Generation Z and Millennials' active and positive online engagement, removing resistance and withdrawal from the research. This improves marketing response through immediacy, relevancy, and potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study intended to provide additional information in order to widen the perspective and knowledge as a child-free. This study will help society gain insight into why Filipino millennials choose to not have children, as well as their social advantages and disadvantages. Child-free is a social issue that is not often discussed and has not received much attention in society. There are negative and positive reactions whenever other people know someone who's voluntarily not wanting to have a child in the future. In order to know the factors that are causing Filipino millennials to be childfree, the researchers used descriptive research design and made an open-ended questionnaire, which involved 10 Filipino child-free millennials in Metro Manila. After gathering the data, the researchers utilized thematic analysis to thematize themes and codes needed for the study. The results indicate the reasons why Filipino millennials are reluctant to have children, with the most common answers being their childhood upbringing, experiences, financial ability to have children, and their desired life satisfaction. Along with the results, it also revealed the concerns of the participants and the stereotyping they experienced, they received criticisms from their family, workplace, and their surroundings wherein they opened up their decision and was not accepted by the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networking sites (SNSs) are popular platforms for people to share and exchange information, especially for the millennial generation. This research uses Hong Kong as a case to study millennials' SNS usage behavior and the impact of online key opinion leaders' (KOLs) reviews on millennials' restaurant visit intention. Using a mixed method, this study first develops a KOLs online presentation framework, then investigates the relative importance of different elements in a restaurant review on buying intention. The findings reveal that Instagram, Facebook and YouTube are the top three most popular SNSs used by millennials in Hong Kong. In restaurant reviews posted by KOLs, photos of food and ambiance, ratings and opinions on food quality, and price are found to exert a significant and positive impact on millennials' restaurant visit intention. This research not only extends the study of online opinion leadership in the context of hospitality, but also provides practical recommendations for hotel and restaurant managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social entrepreneurial ventures generally have lower profitability owing to poor value perceptions of their offerings, which negatively impact financial sustainability. A frequent antecedent is the negative view of marketing prevalent in the sector, requiring an attitudinal transformation. This study provides one such success story that demonstrates how a deliberate marketing-driven approach allowed social entrepreneurs in Eastern India to pilot a new venture with creative offerings that detected and filled a financially viable gap in the cultural clothing market. This paper makes a case for social entrepreneurship ventures to be market savvy in order to financially nurture their social mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigates how compulsory citizenship behaviors (CCB) affect employees' energy and motivation to engage in other voluntary behaviors, such as service-oriented citizenship behavior and creativity. Specifically, we explore how employees' perceptions of job overload mediate this relationship, based on their generational differences. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a time-lagged survey design to collect data from 265 frontline employees and their supervisors in Pakistani-based organizations. The data was collected in three rounds, with a three-week gap between each round. Findings: The findings suggest that role overload, resulting from compulsory citizenship pressure, undermines millennial employees' service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and creativity. However, these negative effects are less salient among non-millennials. Practical implications: The findings of this study provide valuable insights for managers, emphasizing the importance of exercising caution when imposing excessive citizenship pressures on employees against their will. In addition, organizations and human resource (HR) managers should consider devising policies for formal recognition of voluntary behaviors that contribute to organizational effectiveness. Originality/value: This study contributes to existing CCB research by unraveling the previously unexplored mediating role of role overload and the contingency role of generational difference in explaining how and when coerced citizenship demands hinder employees' propensity to engage in service-oriented OCB and creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between psychological ownership and organizational commitment of millennial employees working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also examines the mediating role of job satisfaction in the effect of psychological ownership on organizational commitment. Using a data set of 255 Vietnamese millennial employees, the partial least squares-structural equation model results indicated that millennial employees had a positive perception of psychological ownership and organizational commitment during this crisis. The impact of psychological ownership on organizational commitment through the mediating role of job satisfaction is demonstrated. This study serves as a scientific reference for operational and managerial decisions in organizations with millennial employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects all age groups. The impact of AD on patients' lives could differ across generations. Understanding the differences in objective and subjective severity of AD between generations may support more personalized care for the AD patients. Thus, this study aimed to compare the clinical severity and subjective impact of AD between generation Z (GZ) and the millennial generation (MG). Materials and methods: We carried out a cross‐sectional observational study in patients diagnosed with moderate to severe AD born between 1993–2001 (GZ) and 1978–1992 (MG) who attended an AD specialist care unit for the first time. We collected severity indices evaluated by the dermatologist, such as the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) or the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), and severity scales that included patient assessment, such as the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) or the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM). Results: A total of 73 patients were included, of which 56.2% (41/73) were women. 52.86% (37/73) of the patients belonged to the MG, and 43.8% (33/73) belonged to GZ. Patients belonging to GZ presented lower severity of their AD compared to the MG (EASI: 9.75 ± 11.68 vs. 16.63 ± 14.66; P < 0.05). However, their perception of disease severity was similar to the MG (SCORAD: 43.54 ± 28.99 vs. 32.98 ± 21.91; P = 0.96; POEM: 13.21 ± 8.98 vs. 15.48 ± 6.69; P = 0.14). Conclusions: GZ presents a higher subjective perception of severity than millennials. Understanding these generational disparities contributes to creating more effective treatment strategies and provides a more targeted approach to care that addresses each generational group's unique needs and expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a stream of research that explores how the present generation of workers (i.e., Millennials) may be different from previous generations (e.g., Baby Boomers and Gen Xers). This line of research often considers Millennials as homogeneous and concludes any differences to be "generational effects." However, it is unlikely for a generation, which spans almost 20 years, to be uniformly homogeneous with respect to their work values and attitudes. Findings on generational differences conducted in the United States are also often generalized to other countries, ignoring the potential for national influences. In this regard, we apply a multi-method approach using three samples to demonstrate that there are differences within the Millennial generation that affect work values, preferences for work/life balance, and attraction to employer attributes. Specifically, we focus on the heterogeneity resulting from differences in age, gender, relationship status, and nationality. Our results suggest that Millennials are not as homogeneous as we assumed, and this can limit the effectiveness of managerial policies designed to improve individual and work outcomes for an entire generation of workers. Our study demonstrates that it is important for us to understand how individual, relational, and contextual factors may contribute to the heterogeneity within a generation. JEL CLASSIFICATION M12, M14, M54 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored how the three major trends evident in the labor market since the 1970s (narrowing gender inequality, increased enrollment in higher education, occupational inequality) are related to income differences between the baby boom and millennial generations in Hong Kong, a major city in East Asia. We have incorporated analysis that examines the differences between local-born individuals and migrants in order to highlight a significant feature of Hong Kong society. Using the Hong Kong census for 1991 and 2016, we showed that from 1991 to 2016, the income gap between local-born Chinese and migrants widened substantially between millennials and baby boomers. RIF regression analysis and the decomposition based on the RIF regression results show that the three major social trends are related to the incomes of young adult baby boomers and millennials in Hong Kong in different ways. These patterns also vary by high and lower-income groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In post-millennial societies, creativity is heralded as crucial to individuals and societies, valuable for the economy, essential for leadership and vital for the future of work. In our unprecedented times, creativity is a necessary attribute that universities are embracing to ensure future-proof and employable graduates. However, there is a scant literature on how creativity is embraced in the assemblage of higher education. To ascertain if a common definition of creativity is used by higher education institutes, we conducted a systematic literature review that initially identified 2990 papers. Findings confirm that a definition of creativity in higher education does not exist nor is there a commonly cited definition, and several domains (e.g. social and cultural) influence the definition of creativity. Although creativity remains elusive, it is necessary for growth, survival and success. The potential dilemma of an agreed and shared definition of creativity applicable to the heterogeneous demands of higher education is presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life insurance enhances households' capacity to absorb financial shocks and protects against personal risks that no one likes to contemplate. This is even more important in times of economic hardship such as now, when many Europe countries and particularly Spain are going through difficult times due to rising inflation, the war in Ukraine, and the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Although previous studies have analysed the driving forces of life insurance demand, the influence of the individual's financial planning horizon, financial knowledge, and financial self‐control have been underexplored. This study analyses the influence of personal financial attributes on life insurance demand and, in so doing, explores whether the effects of such attitudes differ across different generational cohorts (i.e., the silent generation, baby boomers, Gen Xers, and millennials). The data, taken from the Survey of Financial Competences, comprises 7245 Spanish individuals. Evidence from multivariate analyses reflects the relevance of standard sociodemographic characteristics in explaining individuals' decisions to become life insurance holders. In contrast, evidence does not support a statistically significant relationship in the case of behavioural variables such as financial self‐control and the financial planning horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We propose a life course theoretical framework for understanding variation in family life courses between birth cohorts (historical time), societies (place), and social groups (social location). Building on the life course paradigm, we explain how key predictors on different levels of analysis can reinforce, precondition, counteract, preclude, or alter each other's influence on family life courses in specific contexts. The proposed framework re‐organizes and extends core principles of the life course paradigm into family life course predictors and outcomes on the individual, relational, and population levels. Background: The life course approach is a well‐recognized interdisciplinary paradigm in family research but often remains too abstract to guide hypotheses about family life course variation. Method: We demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework with a qualitative case study on family life courses in Senegal and a quantitative case study on family life course change between Baby Boomer and Millennial cohorts in the United States using sequence analysis. Results: Findings of the two example applications support that fertility decline in Senegal was primarily driven by material considerations and not by ideational change and that family life course de‐standardization was greater between White Baby Boomers and Millennials compared to Black Boomers and Millennials. Conclusion: Developing narrower mid‐range theories that fill the basic life course principles with substantive content and target specific fields of application, such as family life courses, is promising to advance life course theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the great potential of Generation Y for the tourism industry, their perceptions, and opinions of family-run hotels, which dominate tourism, were explored through 20 semi-structured interviews. The study shows that Generation Y perceives the image of family-run hotels positively and emphasizes traditions, small-scale structures, authenticity, and trust while highlighting their hospitableness. Our results underline the assumption of responsibility to family firms, including the importance of word-of-mouth, in the communication between Generation Y and family firms. Based on organizational identity theory, family-run hotels can build on their core values to build family firm images, contributing to differentiation, and establishing customer relationships. This study relates Generation Y to the tourism industry context, which family firms mainly run. The findings suggest that Generation Y should be targeted as a segment for the family-run tourism industry and that research should be expanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging adults in the U.S. face significant economic uncertainty during the early life course. Economic uncertainties grew in the 2000s, especially for the Millennial cohort. Access to credit can be a resource to manage the instability that characterizes emerging adulthood. However, debt can also become a burden, making credit like a "double-edged sword." We study inequality in debt holding for five debt types that provide distinct resources and burdens, including mortgages, car loans, student loans, credit cards, and other debts to businesses. We analyze the extent to which the Millennial cohort accumulated unequal debts by the end of emerging adulthood using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort. We find strikingly unequal debt holding by education, race/ethnicity, and education-by-race/ethnicity for Millennial emerging adults. We conclude that policies and programs that support emerging adult financial wellbeing will be crucial for healthy development and reduced inequalities during this life course stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine how COVID‐19 affects the views of the members of Generation Y (millennials) regarding their financial future. The literature often describes and perceives millennials as spoiled, unindustrious and lacking in focus. This research uses data collected via interviews with 20 participants in their 20s and 30s who live in the centre of Israel. The participants were recruited by a polling company during September 2021. The study finds that participants’ behaviour during this crisis was more level‐headed than in the past due to their understanding that the future is uncertain and they can rely on no one other than themselves. The study's participants reported making decisions to improve their financial future. Most view COVID‐19 as a rare opportunity to make changes in their lives, primarily in their finances and their employment. This is reflected by current choices intended to create a better financial future for themselves. The main finding of this research is that following the shock caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, millennials have been forced to take care of themselves. They understand that if their parents get sick, they will not be able to continue making a living and will be unable to provide financial help to their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to understand how representatives of different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z) view organizational leadership in the context of the challenges posed by Industry 4.0. The authors want to assess whether there are common leadership qualities valued by all generations, despite differences based on generational affiliation. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a survey questionnaire aimed at people involved in decision-making processes in Polish companies. The analysis was based on descriptive statistics, which made it possible to assess the responses and compare the results among selected generational groups. Findings: The results indicate different approaches to leadership depending on generational affiliation. All generations agreed that leadership is crucial, but differ in their priorities. Baby Boomers value leader adaptation, Generation X emphasizes values, Generation Y focuses on success, and Generation Z focuses on diverse leadership competencies. Research limitations/implications: The survey is limited to Polish organizations, which may affect the generalizability of the results to other countries. The sample is small, especially for Generation Z, which may limit a fuller understanding of their perspectives. Originality/value: The article provides unique findings on the differences and similarities in leadership perceptions among the four generations. It points to the need for a flexible management approach that takes into account specific generational needs in the era of Industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational conflict stands as a significant societal challenge, influencing relationships and comprehension among different age groups. This study delves into the perspectives on intergenerational conflicts as perceived by representatives from the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. Employing the ‘Intergenerational Solidarity’ model and adopting a phenomenological approach, the study conducted five focus group sessions involving 19 participants, utilizing a semi-structured interview form. The findings highlight the prominence of intergenerational conflicts, particularly in the realms of consensual and functional solidarity. Notably, Baby Boomers and Generation X exhibit similar viewpoints, while Generation Y presents distinctive opinions. The root of intergenerational conflict revolves around societal values, with a diminishing rate of socialization playing a pivotal role. Proposing that older adult education can foster intergenerational understanding and communication by enhancing socialization, this study suggests a potential avenue for mitigating conflicts among generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Millennials accept and invest in aesthetic procedures more than older generations. OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy outcomes between millennial and nonmillennial patients after treatment of glabellar lines with prabotulinumtoxinA. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of 3 Phase III studies of 20 U prabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines. Investigator- and/or subject-assessed positive responder rates in the Glabellar Line Scale, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, and Subject Satisfaction Scale were compared between millennials (born 1982-2000) and nonmillennials (born ≤1981). RESULTS Aesthetic outcomes and subject satisfaction of prabotulinumtoxinA treatment were high in nonmillennials (n = 65) and even higher in millennials (n=668) at all time points. At Days 7, 14, and 30 post-treatment, positive responder rates were >85% and >97% across all scales in nonmillennials and millennials, respectively, with statistical superiority observed in millennials at multiple time points in virtually all scales. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was similar between groups. CONCLUSION PrabotulinumtoxinA was highly effective in treating moderate to severe glabellar lines. The greater efficacy seen in millennials may reflect physiological differences related to aging as well as botulinum toxin-mediated effects on mood. The results align well with their aesthetic expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At Present, Instagram significantly influences someone's interest in traveling to a place or tourist attraction. For example, many things can influence someone or tourists to visit, such as interesting content created by the managers of a tourist attraction. Currently, many tourist attraction accounts promote their tourism products through content on Instagram, such as videos or photos showcasing their products. There are also many Bali Tourism Instagram accounts that are popular among Indonesian tourists, especially millennials, making it easier for tourists to visit One of the attractions in Bali, the aim of this study is to identify the Influence of Social Media Promotion on Instagram Towards the Decision of Domestic Tourists to Visit Pandawa Beach Tourist Attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism development can put destinations on a more equitable and environmentally friendly path by applying regenerative principles to tourism development. The millennial generation, known as sustainability-conscious consumers, bears much potential to participate in regenerative tourism. This study aimed to determine the awareness, perceived value, and intent to participate in regenerative tourism of the millennial generation in the Philippines in Metropolitan Manila and the surrounding areas such as Bulacan, Cavite, Angeles City, Cavite, Laguna, and others. This type of research is explanatory research, conducted through direct surveys of 190 millennial Filipinos through an online questionnaires (Google Form). Data was analyzed using SEM-PLS Version 3. The results of this study provide insights into the readiness of the millennial generation to participate in regenerative tourism practices. This research intends to contribute theoretically to tourism readiness and recovery post-pandemic. Moreover, it can make a practical contribution to tourism stakeholders to support the regenerative and sustainable development of tourist destinations in the Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tight labor market competition afforces organizations to find the right strategies to address the issue of low employee resistance, one way being to enhance affective commitment among employees towards the organization they work for. This study employs Social Exchange Theory (SET) to examine the influence of organizational embeddedness and perceived organizational support on affective commitment and the indirect influence through work engagement mediation. Empirical data were collected from 332 millennial generation employees in Indonesia using an online survey assessed through a 7-point Likert scale. The study was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis to test seven proposed hypotheses. The study's findings indicate that organizational embeddedness and perceived organizational support are positively related to affective commitment both directly and through work engagement mediation. This research is expected to contribute to human resource policy-making to enhance affective commitment among millennial generation employees in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In daily life, millennials have undoubtedly experienced distress, which can be interpreted as feelings of stress and anxiety. This research focuses on understanding distress from the perspective of the Qur'an, which serves as the primary guidance for Muslims. This study aims to explore the Qur'anic view on distress, the definition of distress in both language and the Qur'an, as well as understanding how millennials interpret distress, the terms used in the context of distress, and interpreting distress according to the Qur'an by providing solutions to improve the quality of life. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach that relies on literature study research, including Qur'anic verses, research publications, and related articles. In terms of interpretation, this research relies on the thematic interpretation method (tafsir maudhu’i). It also includes studies conducted by experts related to the phenomenon of distress, which encompasses stress and anxiety. In the context of the millennial generation, this research discovers solutions to overcome distress, which are further elaborated by the author through new ideas, especially by referring to relevant Qur'anic verses. The findings revealed in this research are 1) the Qur'anic view on stress as a test from Allah SWT, 2) that calamities are a source of stress, 3) the importance of having strong selfconfidence, and 4) solutions for distress from the perspective of the Qur'an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study conducted by Emmanouil Papavasileiou and Dimitrios Stergiou on the work values of Millennials in the tourism industry in Greece. The study found that work values can change during the transition from school to work, and that these changes may vary between generations. The research also revealed differences in work values between pre-career and working Millennials, particularly in terms of intrinsic and social work values. The study challenges the notion of a "global" Millennial generation, as it found significant differences in work values between Greek and Canadian Millennials. The study suggests that the transition from school to work has an impact on career development for Greek Millennials. [Extracted from the article]

This research aims to understand why millennials value fairness highly. Specifically, this study discusses why millennials are sensitive to procedural fairness, especially unfairness. This study verifies the relationship by confirming the moderated mediation effect of generation on the relationships between procedural justice and turnover intention through organisational commitment. The results show that the negative effect of procedural justice on turnover intention is stronger among millennials than other generations, which demonstrates the moderated mediation effect of generation. In addition, the differences in turnover intention between generations are small in cases of high procedural justice but large when procedural justice is low, revealing that the reference points for procedural justice differ between generations. The findings empirically show that millennials emphasise procedural fairness and suggest the need for specific organisational management strategies that reflect each generation's characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores the drivers for employee motivation in the IT sector in Poland. Specifically, it focuses on differences in what motivates employees belonging to generations X, Y and Z. Design/methodology/approach: This study, rooted in existing international literature around the topic of employee motivation, draws on 16 semi-structured interviews performed in May and June 2023 with senior managers and human resources representatives working in IT sector in Poland. The data was analysed using MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative section of this study are conformant with previous research from other sectors that the major motivation factors are finance and growth possibilities, when it comes to IT sector in Poland. However, it stresses that for the finance induced motivation boost to last it needs to be combined with growth. Also, generational differences between motivation factors were identified. The findings indicate to managers that motivation factors such as finance should not be treated in separation, but they should be accompanied by an adequate increase in responsibility and that for various generations different forms of employment could facilitate the motivating process. Research limitations/implications: The conclusions were formulated taking into account the sample’s limitations. The qualitative study was limited to the group of 16 respondents who despite having experience from multiple companies, at the time of the interviews worked for the same company: Atos Group. Therefore, this research can encourage further reflection on employee motivation in the IT sector. Originality/value: The systematic literature review indicated that the subject of employee motivation factors had not been undertaken in the context of Polish IT sector specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media have been developed as a vital source of information for millennials worldwide, including in India. The present study identifies the influence of the various social media traits on the perceived usefulness of social media by Indian millennials and its subsequent impact on their online accommodation booking decisions. A conceptual model based upon the Stimulus-Organism-Response model was proposed for the study that was empirically verified using sample data from 476 Indian millennial respondents with prior social media experience. The study reveals that Indian millennials consider the usefulness of social media as an essential factor in their online booking decision for hotel products and services. The usefulness of social media primarily depends upon various characteristics such as information quality, source credibility, visual presentation, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and perceived curiosity fulfilment. Further, the study results indicate that the relationships among these factors are moderated by gender. The present research work extends the extant literature by examining the influence of social media on the online booking decisions of Indian millennials. In addition, this study will give practical suggestions to marketers for addressing new markets through social media activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers insights for companies and managers to understand how millennials' traits contribute to fostering an environmentally sustainable workplace, ultimately aiding in achieving environmental sustainability. Employing mindful learning theory as its foundation, the article proposes a framework that leverages millennials' characteristics to create a sustainable workplace. It highlights how millennials' inclinations towards sustainability can shape eco-friendly work environments, allowing companies to align individual and organisational goals. This alignment, focused on responsible production and consumption (SDG 12), can drive progress towards environmental sustainability. The significance of this article lies in succinctly explaining millennial traits and their potential use by companies in cultivating sustainable workplaces, ultimately contributing to the pursuit of SDG 12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature has explored age differences in health information seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a noticeable gap in research regarding generational variations in the underlying factors of health information scanning and sharing, as well as generational differences in the interplay of health information seeking, scanning, and sharing. This study examined: (1) differences in risk- and channel-related motivators of online health information seeking, online health information scanning, and COVID-19 information sharing among three generational cohorts: Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials; and (2) generational differences in the relationship between information seeking, scanning, and sharing. The focus on generational differences took into consideration both biological and social differences in age cohorts when comparing their information behaviors. The data came from an online survey of 1,004 Hong Kong residents. Results showed generational similarities in individuals' more frequent information scanning than seeking and the positive relationship between information seeking and sharing. Generational differences emerged in several aspects, including the frequency of information seeking and scanning; the relationship between health status and information seeking; associations of income, health status, channel characteristics, and channel utility with information scanning; and associations of information seeking and scanning with information sharing. These findings offer insights into how risk- and channel-related factors may differ among generations or transcend generational differences in shaping individuals' information behaviors in the historical and cultural context of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Results of our study inform communication strategies for different generational groups in future public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Since their entrance into the workforce, millennial women have had to navigate the workplace and professional life differently than previous generations. In order to navigate challenges within the professional space effectively, some professional millennial women adopted a mentality that has come to be known as the girlboss, which emerged as a dominant archetype in both professional spaces and the broader cultural landscape and inherently propagated white feminism. The purpose of this paper is to utilize critical feminist epistemology to critique the idea of the girlboss with the intent to open the possibility for more inclusive conversations about gender, sexuality, race, power, intersectionality, and work. This paper concludes with a discussion that includes implications for HRD research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on qualitative data from a large study exploring Muslim experiences in the workplace, this chapter explains how Muslim dress standards inform identity and are influenced by US cultural ideals about self-presentation and perceived anti-Muslim hostility. Theoretical sampling was used to find 25 men and 59 women, 32 of whom are veiled. These individuals worked at major corporations as numerical minorities or held professions where they encountered non-Muslims regularly. Informed by theories of orientalism and social identity, findings examine hegemonic representations of organizational power and describe how men could employ masculine practices to navigate anti-Muslim discourse and foster a sense of belonging at work. Within immigrant-centered workplaces, women face cultural backlash for appropriating Western styles deemed immodest. While working outside their community, women who wore hijabs emphasized their femininity through softer colors, makeup, or "unpinning" their veil to offset the visceral reaction to their hijab. Thus, adapting to workplace dress expectations is structured by intersections of gender, religion, and workplace location. This chapter illustrates how Muslim dress strategies indirectly reflect how Western standards of dress, behavior, and self-expression determine qualifications and approachability within workplace structures, marginalizing Muslims and reproducing racial and gender hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study investigated the relationship between beauty standards and identity in the United States from the perspective of 20 self-identified millennial Black women. During semi-structured virtual interviews, participants defined Black, American, and millennial beauty standards distinctly. American beauty was associated with Eurocentrism and mainstream media representation. Interpretations of a millennial beauty standard were aligned with perceptions of the generation as tolerant and politically conscious. Black American beauty standards embraced the range of hair textures and skin tones present in the African diaspora. While participants were cognizant of the different beauty ideals present, their interaction with beauty standards was ambivalent. Interviewees found beauty knowledge accessible through social media. However, they remain confined to a restrictive beauty standard due to workplace expectations around professionalism. Participants negotiated where and when to express their intracultural beauty ideals but participated in the beauty industry through processes of learning how to care for their hair in its natural state. Even though they have autonomy and flexibility in expressing their cultural styles, personal and professional repercussions are still plausible. Future studies can expand on these findings by exploring perceptions of American beauty standards from a different generation, region, or identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to use a lifetime income measure to evaluate the long-run housing affordability for an understudied cohort of households in the literature – the millennials. The authors do this in the context of Malaysia, measuring long-run affordability for four housing types across geographic locations and income distributions. Design/methodology/approach: This study calculates a long-run housing affordability index (HAI) using data on house prices and household incomes. Essentially a ratio of predicted lifetime incomes to house prices, the HAI is computed for four common housing types in Malaysia from 2005 to 2016 and for six states in the country. The HAI is also compared across four income percentiles. Findings: The analysis reveals varying patterns of housing affordability among different states in Malaysia. Housing affordability has declined since 2010, with most housing types being unaffordable for millennial-led households with the lowest income. Housing is most affordable for those in the highest income bracket, although even here, there are pockets of unaffordable housing as well. Practical implications: Based on the findings, this study proposes three targeted interventions to improve housing affordability for Malaysian millennials. Originality/value: This study fills a gap in the literature by examining the long-run housing affordability of Malaysian millennial-led households based on both geographic location and income distribution. The millennial population is understudied in the housing affordability literature, making this study a valuable contribution to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the problems and priorities of strategies to improve financial technology literacy, especially among Millennials and Generation Z. This mixed method study uses the analytic network process (ANP) approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. Interviews, questionnaires, and literature carried out data collection techniques. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted with seven informants: one regulator, three academics, and three online loan users. The study results showed that the geometric mean determined the priority of fintech literacy problems. The prioritized aspects are the need for more public understanding of online loans, interest rates, and community needs. The priority strategy in improving fintech literacy among Millennials and Generation Z in Bengkalis Regency is to carry out Sharia literacy regarding online loans, regulate online loan interest rates, and reduce the community's need for online loans. Theoretically, this study strengthens the validity of the trade-off theory and provides new insights into strategies to improve fintech literacy. Practically, it contributes to providing strategies to improve fintech literacy for stakeholders.