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Soil water repellency (SWR) is often attributed to the accumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds, mainly lipids. Nonetheless, lipid extraction not always suppress SWR and unextractable soil constituents may be related with residual SWR. Burnt (B) and unburnt (UB) soils (Doñana National Park, Huelva) under two vegetations (cork oak and heather) and two soil fractions, coarse (1–2 mm) and fine (, La repelencia al agua del suelo (RAS) se atribuye a la acumulación de compuestos hidrofóbicos (lípidos), pero su extracción no siempre elimina la RAS, lo que sugiere que componentes macromoleculares no extraíbles también pueden estar relacionados con una RAS. Se han estudiado suelos quemados (B) y control (UB) del Parque Nacional de Doñana (Huelva, España) bajo dos tipos de vegetación (alcornoque y brezo) y fracciones de suelo: gruesa (1–2 mm) y fina (

The olive oil agro-industry is an important economic sector in Mediterranean countries, whose production is accompanied by the generation of huge quantities of organic waste. The recent proliferation of super-intensive olive groves, more profitable, generates a greater demand of water for irrigation and is increasing the production of organic waste. The conversion of these olive mill wastes into biochar by pyrolysis, for subsequent use as an organic amendment in super-intensive olive grove soils, could contribute to solving both problems, since biochar has a high porosity and a highly stable organic carbon content. Nevertheless, the effects of its application on soils properties and plant physiology are still not well known. This study addresses the effects of the application of olive mill pomace (alperujo) biochar, 100% vegetable compost (traditionally used organic amendment) and the mix of both organic amendments on the properties of a Xerochrept soil and on the physiology of “arbequina” olive trees”. The super-intensive olive trees plantation, with irrigation deficit, is located in the IRNAS-CSIC field station "La Hampa" (Coria del Río, Seville, Spain). Both biochar and compost reduced soil penetration resistance and increased soil organic Carbon and moisture content. However, the application of biochar was more effective than the addition of green compost or the compost+biochar mixture in increasing soil moisture. Biochar application improved soil physical properties and plant water status at the pre-harvest phase without increasing soil respiration (CO2 emission) rates., La agroindustria del aceite de oliva es un importante sector económico en los países mediterráneos, cuya producción va acompañada de la generación de enormes cantidades de residuos orgánicos. La reciente proliferación de olivares superintensivos, más rentables, genera una mayor demanda de agua para riego y está aumentando la producción de estos residuos. La conversión de los residuos de almazara en biochar mediante pirólisis, para su posterior uso como enmienda orgánica en suelos de olivar superintensivo, podría contribuir a solucionar ambos problemas, ya que el biochar tiene una alta porosidad y contenido en carbono orgánico de alta estabilidad. Sin embargo, los efectos de su aplicación en las propiedades del suelo y en la fisiología del olivo no son bien conocidos. Este estudio aborda los efectos de la aplicación de biochar de alperujo de almazara, de compost vegetal (enmienda orgánica tradicional) y de la mezcla de ambos sobre las propiedades de un suelo (Xerochrept) y en la fisiología de olivos de “arbequina”. Esta plantación de olivar superintensivo y riego deficitario está situada en la estación experimental del IRNAS-CSIC "La Hampa" (Coria del Río, Sevilla, España). Tanto el biochar como el compost redujeron la resistencia a la penetración e incrementaron el contenido en Carbono orgánico y la humedad del suelo. La aplicación de biochar resultó más eficaz para aumentar la capacidad de retención de agua y la humedad del sueloy el estatus hídrico de los olivos en la fase anterior a la cosecha sin incrementar las tasas de respiración (emisión de CO2) del suelo.

A presente comunicação aborda a migração da revista Conservar Património para o Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP) através do Serviço de Alojamento de Revistas Científicas (SARC Light) lançado no âmbito da iniciativa Pub In em Maio de 2020. A discussão aqui apresentada foca-se na experiência, nas opções e nas estratégias tomadas no âmbito desta acção., Cadernos BAD, N.º 1-2 (2021): Atas da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta (ConfOA)

A.Z.M. was supported by the Ramon y Cajal contract RYC2019-026885 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). S.G.-P. was supported by the intramural project PIE_20214AT021 from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. The bioreceptivity, and the consequent biodeterioration of contemporary glass, used by artists worldwide, was studied. The two main objectives were: first, to verify if fungi with some culture media would produce more damages than the same fungi without a nutritional source, and to verify if the two genera of fungi produce the same damage on the same glass. Colourless glass samples with Spruce Pine 87 Batch (SPB-87) composition were inoculated with two distinct fungal species, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger, separately: (i) half with fungal spores (simulating primary bioreceptivity), and (ii) half with fungi in a small portion of culture media (simulating organic matter that can be deposited on exposed glassworks, i.e., secondary bioreceptivity). The alteration of glass surfaces were analysed by Optical Microscopy, SEM-EDS and µ-Raman. The mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum generated a higher amount of fingerprints, stains and iridescence, whereas Aspergillus niger produced more biopitting and crystals on the glass surface. However, both species damaged the glass to different degrees in 4 and 6 months after the inoculation, producing physico-chemical damage (e.g., iridescence, biopitting), and chemical alterations (e.g., depletion and deposition of elements and crystals). The primary bioreceptivity experiment of glass samples inoculated with Aspergillus niger results in less damage than in the case of secondary bioreceptivity, being almost similar for Penicillium chrysogenum. The new and in-depth understanding of the bioreceptivity and deterioration of post-modern glass art and cultural heritage provided here is of paramount importance for the scientific, conservation and artistic communities—to protect glass cultural materials, or seen by artists as innovative and inspirational ways of creating glass art in the future. publishersversion published

5 páginas.- 2 figuras.- 5 referencias.- Enlace al artículo https://revistas.rcaap.pt/rca/article/view/28639/21412, La repelencia al agua del suelo (RAS) se atribuye a la acumulación de compuestos hidrofóbicos (lípidos), pero su extracción no siempre elimina la RAS, lo que sugiere que componentes macromoleculares no extraíbles también pueden estar relacionados con una RAS. Se han estudiado suelos quemados (B) y control (UB) del Parque Nacional de Doñana (Huelva, España) bajo dos tipos de vegetación (alcornoque y brezo) y fracciones de suelo: gruesa (1–2 mm) y fina (, Trabajo parcialmente financiado por los proyectos EROFIRE (PCIF/RPG/0079/2018 y MICROCENO (PTDC/CTA-AMB/ 0608/2020) de la Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) y MarkFire (PAI-DI2020, PY20_01073) de la Junta de Andalucía con fondos EU FEDER e INTERCARBON (2017/19) del Espacio Natural de Doñana y la EBD-CSIC. Ade-más, NTJM y AZM agradecen los contratos CEECs (2021/00711/CEECIND y CEECIND/01147/2017, res-pectivamente, de la FCT) y el contrato Ramón y Cajal (ref. RYC2019-026885-I) del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.