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9. Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfraction Phenotype Is Associated with Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume in Type 2 Diabetes.

Author

Rives, José, Gil-Millan, Pedro, Viladés, David, García-Osuna, Álvaro, Genua, Idoia, Miñambres, Inka, Grau-Agramunt, Margarida, Gich, Ignasi, Puig, Nuria, Benitez, Sonia, Julve, Josep, Pérez, Antonio, and Sánchez-Quesada, José Luis

Subjects
EPICARDIAL adipose tissue, ADIPOSE tissue diseases, TYPE 2 diabetes, GLYCEMIC control, BODY surface area
Abstract

Background: Increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume is a common feature in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) which is directly associated with heart failure and advanced atherosclerosis. We aimed to evaluate lipoprotein-related biomarkers of EAT volume in T2DM patients before and after glycemic control. Methods: This study included 36 T2DM patients before and after optimization of glycemic control and on 14 healthy controls (HCs). EAT volume was measured using computed tomography imaging indexed to the body surface area (iEAT). Biochemical and lipid profiles were determined using commercial methods. Lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and variables of lipoprotein function were assessed. Multivariable regression analysis was used to find variables independently associated with iEAT. Results: iEAT was higher in T2DM than in controls and decreased with glycemic optimization. HDLs from T2DM had less apoA-I and cholesterol and more apoC-III and triglycerides. LDLs from T2DM had more triglycerides and apoB and smaller sizes than those from HCs. Significant correlations were found between iEAT and age, BMI, HbA1c, GGT, VLDLc, triglycerides, LDL size, apoA-I in HDL, and apoC-III in HDL. In the multivariable regression analysis, age, LDL size, and GGT associations remained statistically significant, and predicted 50% of the variability in EAT volume. ROC analysis using these variables showed an AUC of 0.835. Conclusions: Qualitative characteristics of lipoproteins were altered in T2DM. Multivariable analysis showed that LDL size and GGT plasma levels were independently associated with iEAT volume, suggesting that these variables might be useful biomarkers for stratifying T2DM patients with increased EAT volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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12. Abordaje clínico integral SEEN de la obesidad en la edad adulta: resumen ejecutivo

Author

Ballesteros Pomar, María D., Vilarrasa García, Nuria, Rubio Herrera, Miguel Ángel, Barahona, María José, Bueno, Marta, Caixàs, Assumpta, Calañas Continente, Alfonso, Ciudin, Andreea, Cordido, Fernando, de Hollanda, Ana, Diaz, María Jesús, Flores, Lilliam, García Luna, Pedro Pablo, García Pérez-Sevillano, Fernando, Goday, Albert, Lecube, Albert, López Gómez, Juan José, Miñambres, Inka, Morales Gorria, María José, Morinigo, Rosa, Nicolau, Joana, Pellitero, Silvia, Salvador, Javier, Valdés, Sergio, and Bretón Lesmes, Irene

Published
2021
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13. The SEEN comprehensive clinical survey of adult obesity: Executive summary

Author

Ballesteros Pomar, María D., Vilarrasa García, Nuria, Rubio Herrera, Miguel Ángel, Barahona, María José, Bueno, Marta, Caixàs, Assumpta, Calañas Continente, Alfonso, Ciudin, Andreea, Cordido, Fernando, de Hollanda, Ana, Diaz, María Jesús, Flores, Lilliam, García Luna, Pedro Pablo, García Pérez-Sevillano, Fernando, Goday, Albert, Lecube, Albert, López Gómez, Juan José, Miñambres, Inka, Morales Gorria, María José, Morinigo, Rosa, Nicolau, Joana, Pellitero, Silvia, Salvador, Javier, Valdés, Sergio, and Bretón Lesmes, Irene

Published
2021
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18. Recommendations on self‐management interventions for adults living with obesity: COMPAR‐EU project.

Author

Medina‐Aedo, Melixa, Beltran, Jessica, Valli, Claudia, Canelo‐Aybar, Carlos, Song, Yang, Ballester, Marta, Bowman‐Busato, Jacqueline, Christogiannis, Christos, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Groene, Oliver, Heijmans, Monique, Hoogendorn, Martine, Killeen, Sarah Louise, Kontouli, Katerina‐Maria, Mavridis, Dimitris, Miñambres, Inka, Mueller, Beate Sigrid, Niño de Guzman, Ena, Noordman, Janneke, and Orrego, Carola

Published
2024
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19. Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Author

Miñambres, Inka, Rubio-Herrera, Miguel Ángel, Nicolau, Joana, Milad, Camila, Morales, Maria José, Bueno, Marta, Calañas, Alfonso, Carceller-Sindreu, Mar, and de Hollanda, Ana

Abstract

Background: Outcomes of bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with schizophrenia are poorly understood. We aimed to analyze the effects of BS in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) or schizoaffective disorder (SZA). Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective case-control study in patients with SZ or SZA who had undergone BS in seven public referral hospitals in Spain. Controls without psychiatric comorbidity were selected in a 1:4 ratio. Detailed clinical and biochemical data were collected preoperatively and at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after BS. Results: Twenty patients with SZ (n = 15; 75%) or SZA (n = 5; 25%) and 80 matched controls were studied. There were no differences between patients and controls concerning the evolution of the percentage of total weight loss. The remission rate of the main comorbidities was similar between groups except for hypertension, which was lower in patients with a psychotic disorder from year 3. There were no mortalities within 30 days of surgery in either group. The psychiatric medication burden did not change during follow-up. Conclusions: BS is safe and effective in carefully selected patients with SZ. The course of the psychiatric disease does not seem to be worsened by the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Increased sLRP1 and decreased atrial natriuretic peptide plasma levels in newly diagnosed T2DM patients are normalized after optimization of glycemic control

Author

García, Eduardo, primary, Gil, Pedro, additional, Miñambres, Inka, additional, Benitez-Amaro, Aleyda, additional, Rodríguez, Claudia, additional, Claudi, Lene, additional, Julve, Josep, additional, Benitez, Sonia, additional, Sánchez-Quesada, Jose Luís, additional, Rives, Jose, additional, Garcia-Moll, Xavier, additional, Vilades, David, additional, Perez, Antonio, additional, and Llorente-Cortes, Vicenta, additional

Published
2023
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26. Increased sLRP1 and decreased atrial natriuretic peptide plasma levels in newly diagnosed T2DM patients are normalized after optimization of glycemic control

Author

Fundació La Marató de TV3, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación BBVA, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Llorente-Cortés, Vicenta [0000-0001-5528-1143], García, Eduardo, Gil, Pedro, Miñambres, Inka, Benitez-Amaro, Aleyda, Rodríguez, Claudia, Claudi, Lene, Julve, Josep, Benitez, Sonia, Sánchez-Quesada, Jose Luís, Rives, Jose, Garcia-Moll, Xavier, Vilades, David, Moreno-Pérez, Antonio J., Llorente-Cortés, Vicenta, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Fundación BBVA, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Llorente-Cortés, Vicenta [0000-0001-5528-1143], García, Eduardo, Gil, Pedro, Miñambres, Inka, Benitez-Amaro, Aleyda, Rodríguez, Claudia, Claudi, Lene, Julve, Josep, Benitez, Sonia, Sánchez-Quesada, Jose Luís, Rives, Jose, Garcia-Moll, Xavier, Vilades, David, Moreno-Pérez, Antonio J., and Llorente-Cortés, Vicenta

Abstract

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) negatively modulates circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels. Both molecules are involved in the regulation of cardiometabolism.

Published
2023

31. Divergent Effects of Glycemic Control and Bariatric Surgery on Circulating Concentrations of TMAO in Newly Diagnosed T2D Patients and Morbidly Obese

Author

Canyelles, Marina, primary, Pérez, Antonio, additional, Junza, Alexandra, additional, Miñambres, Inka, additional, Yanes, Oscar, additional, Sardà, Helena, additional, Rotllan, Noemí, additional, Julve, Josep, additional, Sánchez-Quesada, José Luis, additional, Tondo, Mireia, additional, Escolà-Gil, Joan Carles, additional, and Blanco-Vaca, Francisco, additional

Published
2022
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34. Is there a justification for classifying GLP-1 receptor agonists as basal and prandial?

Author

Miñambres, Inka, Pérez Pérez, Antonio, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Subjects
endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Review, Pharmacology, 03 medical and health sciences, Lixisenatide, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Glycemic control, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, GLP-1 receptor agonists, business.industry, Liraglutide, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Postprandial glycemia, medicine.disease, Albiglutide, Endocrinology, Basal (medicine), chemistry, Dulaglutide, business, Exenatide, medicine.drug
Abstract

Altres ajuts: IM has received consultancy fess or lecture honoraria from Boerhinger Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis and Astra-Zeneca and has participated in clinical trials funded by Sanofi-Aventis. AP has received consultancy fess or lecture honoraria from GSK, Boerhinger Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Menarini, Merk, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, AstraZeneca, Almirall and Esteve and has participated in clinical trials funded by GSK, Sanofi-Aventis, Almirall, Esteve. Several GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently available for treatment of type 2 diabetic patients. Based on their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile, these drugs are classified as short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (exenatide and lixisenatide) or long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (exenatide-LAR, liraglutide, albiglutide, and dulaglutide). In clinical practice, they are also classified as basal or prandial GLP-1 receptor agonists to differentiate between patients who would benefit more from one or another based on characteristics such as previous treatment and the predominance of fasting or postprandial hyperglycemia. In the present article we examine available data on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the various GLP-1 agonists and compare their effects with respect to the main parameters used to evaluate glycemic control. The article also analyzes whether the differences between the different GLP-1 agonists justify their classification as basal or prandial.

Published
2021

35. Changes in the Composition and Function of Lipoproteins after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Severe Obesity

Author

Genua, Idoia, Puig Grifol, Núria, Miñambres, Inka, Benítez, Sonia, Gil Madrona, Pedro, Grau-Agramunt, Margarida, Rivas-Urbina, Andrea, Balagué, Carme, Fernández-Alanin, Sonia, García Osuna, Álvaro, Pérez Pérez, Antonio, Sanchez-Quesada, Jose Luis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Genua, Idoia, Puig Grifol, Núria, Miñambres, Inka, Benítez, Sonia, Gil Madrona, Pedro, Grau-Agramunt, Margarida, Rivas-Urbina, Andrea, Balagué, Carme, Fernández-Alanin, Sonia, García Osuna, Álvaro, Pérez Pérez, Antonio, Sanchez-Quesada, Jose Luis, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Abstract

The effect of bariatric surgery on lipid profile and the qualitative characteristics of lipoproteins was analyzed in morbidly obese subjects. Thirteen obese patients underwent bariatric surgery. Plasma samples were obtained before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Thirteen healthy subjects comprised the control group. Lipid profile, hsCRP, and the composition and functional characteristics of VLDL, LDL, and HDL were assessed. At baseline, plasma from subjects with obesity had more triglycerides, VLDLc, and hsCRP, and less HDLc than the control group. These levels progressively normalized after surgery, although triglyceride and hsCRP levels remained higher than those in the controls. The main differences in lipoprotein composition between the obese subjects and the controls were increased apoE in VLDL, and decreased cholesterol and apoJ and increased apoC-III content in HDL. The pro-/anti-atherogenic properties of LDL and HDL were altered in the subjects with obesity at baseline compared with the controls, presenting smaller LDL particles that are more susceptible to modification and smaller HDL particles with decreased antioxidant capacity. Bariatric surgery normalized the composition of lipoproteins and improved the qualitative characteristics of LDL and HDL. In summary, patients with obesity present multiple alterations in the qualitative properties of lipoproteins compared with healthy subjects. Bariatric surgery reverted most of these alterations.

Published
2021

36. The SEEN comprehensive clinical survey of adult obesity: executive summary

Author

Ballesteros-Pomar, María D., Vilarrasa, Nuria, Rubio Herrera, Miguel Ángel, Barahona, María José, Bueno, Marta, Caixás, Assumpta, Calañas Continente, Alfonso, Ciudin, Andreea, Cordido, Fernando, Hollanda, Ana de, Díaz, María Jesús, Flores, Lliliam, García Luna, Pedro Pablo, García Pérez-Sevillano, Fernando, Goday, Albert, Lecube, Albert, López Gómez, Juan José, Miñambres, Inka, Morales Gorria, María José, Morinigo, Rosa, Nicolau, Joana, Pellitero, Silvia, Salvador, Javier, Valdés, Sergio, Bretón Lesmes, Irene, Ballesteros-Pomar, María D., Vilarrasa, Nuria, Rubio Herrera, Miguel Ángel, Barahona, María José, Bueno, Marta, Caixás, Assumpta, Calañas Continente, Alfonso, Ciudin, Andreea, Cordido, Fernando, Hollanda, Ana de, Díaz, María Jesús, Flores, Lliliam, García Luna, Pedro Pablo, García Pérez-Sevillano, Fernando, Goday, Albert, Lecube, Albert, López Gómez, Juan José, Miñambres, Inka, Morales Gorria, María José, Morinigo, Rosa, Nicolau, Joana, Pellitero, Silvia, Salvador, Javier, Valdés, Sergio, and Bretón Lesmes, Irene

Abstract

[Abstract] Obesity is one of the great challenges in healthcare nowadays with important implications for health so requiring comprehensive management. This document aims to establish practical and evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of in Spain, from the perspective of the clinical endocrinologist. A position statement has been made that can be consulted at www.seen.es, and that has been agreed by the Obesity Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (GOSEEN), together with the Nutrition Area (NutriSEEN) and the Working Group of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Physical Exercise (GENEFSEEN)., [Resumen] La obesidad supone uno de los grandes retos en salud en la actualidad. Las importantes repercusiones que implica obligan a un manejo integral. El presente documento tiene como objetivo establecer recomendaciones prácticas y basadas en la evidencia para el diagnóstico y el manejo de la obesidad en España, desde la perspectiva del endocrinólogo clínico. Se ha realizado un documento de posicionamiento que puede consultarse en www.seen.es, que ha sido consensuado por el Grupo de Obesidad de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (GOSEEN), junto con el Área de Nutrición (NutriSEEN) y el Grupo de trabajo de Endocrinología, Nutrición y Ejercicio Físico (GENEFSEEN).

Published
2021

37. Outstanding Improvement of the Advanced Lipoprotein Profile in Subjects with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus After Achieving Optimal Glycemic Control

Author

Castelblanco, Esmeralda, primary, Hernández, Marta, additional, Ortega, Emilio, additional, Amigó, Nuria, additional, Real, Jordi, additional, Miñambres, Inka, additional, Lopez, Carolina, additional, Lecube, Albert, additional, Bermúdez-López, Marcelino, additional, Alonso, Núria, additional, Julve, Josep, additional, and Mauricio, Didac, additional

Published
2021
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38. Changes in the Composition and Function of Lipoproteins after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Severe Obesity

Author

Genua, Idoia, primary, Puig, Núria, additional, Miñambres, Inka, additional, Benítez, Sonia, additional, Gil, Pedro, additional, Grau-Agramunt, Margarida, additional, Rivas-Urbina, Andrea, additional, Balagué, Carme, additional, Fernández-Alanin, Sonia, additional, García-Osuna, Álvaro, additional, Pérez, Antonio, additional, and Sánchez-Quesada, José Luis, additional

Published
2021
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42. New Metrics to Assess Type 2 Diabetes after Bariatric Surgery: The “Time-Within-Remission Range”

Author

de Hollanda, Ana, primary, Lecube, Albert, additional, Rubio, Miguel Angel, additional, Sánchez, Enric, additional, Vilarrasa, Núria, additional, Oliva, José Gregorio, additional, Fernández-Soto, María Luisa, additional, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, additional, Ballesteros-Pomar, María D., additional, Ciudin, Andreea, additional, Torres, Ferran, additional, Vidal, Concepción, additional, Morales, María José, additional, Valdés, Sergio, additional, Pellitero, Silvia, additional, Miñambres, Inka, additional, Masmiquel, Lluís, additional, Goday, Albert, additional, Suarez, Lorena, additional, Flores, Liliam, additional, Bueno, Marta, additional, Caixàs, Assumpta, additional, Bretón, Irene, additional, Cámara, Rosa, additional, Olbeyra, Romina, additional, Penso, Rona, additional, de la Cruz, María José, additional, Simó-Servat, Andreu, additional, Pereyra-García, Francisca María, additional, López-Mezquita, Elena Teresa, additional, Gils, Anna, additional, Fidilio, Enzamaria, additional, Bandrés, Orosia, additional, Martínez, Ángel, additional, Abuín, Jose, additional, Marques-Pamies, Montserrat, additional, Tuneu, Laura, additional, Arteaga, Magdalena, additional, Castañer, Olga, additional, Goñi, Fernando, additional, Arrizabalaga, Cristina, additional, Botana, Manuel Antonio, additional, Calañas, Alfonso, additional, and Rebollo, Ángel, additional

Published
2020
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43. Both glycaemic control and insulin dose during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes are associated with neonatal anthropometric measures and placental weight

Author

García‐Patterson, Apolonia, primary, Ovejero, Diana, additional, Miñambres, Inka, additional, Chico, Ana, additional, Gil, Pedro Alejandro, additional, Martínez, María‐José, additional, Adelantado, Juan María, additional, Leiva, Alberto, additional, Gich, Ignasi, additional, Desoye, Gernot, additional, Mouzon, Sylvie Hauguel, additional, and Corcoy, Rosa, additional

Published
2020
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45. Assessing motivational stages and processes of change for weight management around bariatric surgery: a multicenter study

Author

Lecube, Albert, Sánchez, Enric, Andrés, Ana, Saldaña, Carmina, Morales, María José, Calañas, Alfonso, Miñambres, Inka, Pellitero, Silvia, Cordido, Fernando, Bueno, Marta, Caixás, Assumpta, Vilarrasa, Nuria, Lecube, Albert, Sánchez, Enric, Andrés, Ana, Saldaña, Carmina, Morales, María José, Calañas, Alfonso, Miñambres, Inka, Pellitero, Silvia, Cordido, Fernando, Bueno, Marta, Caixás, Assumpta, and Vilarrasa, Nuria

Abstract

[Abstract] Introduction/purpose: The assessment of the patients' motivation as a predictor of behavioral change via five stages (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance) and four processes (emotional re-evaluation, weight management actions, environmental restructuring, and weight consequences evaluation) of change. Materials/methods: A total of 542 participants (251 waiting for bariatric surgery (BS), 90 undergoing BS, and 201 controls) completed the Stages (S-Weight) and Processes (P-Weight) of Change in Overweight and Obese People questionnaires in a multicenter cross-sectional study. Results: A higher percentage of subjects seeking BS (31.7%) were in the action stage (16.7% of post-BS patients, p < 0.001; 14.9% of controls, p < 0.001). The referred body mass index (BMI) reduction was higher in subjects in active stages (3.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2 in maintenance versus 1.4 ± 1.4 kg/m2 in contemplation, p < 0.001). In the P-Weight questionnaire, patients looking for BS scored significant higher in the four processes of change than controls. In addition, a positive and significantly correlation between BMI and the four processes was observed. In the stepwise multivariate analysis, BMI and the S-Weight allocation were constantly associated with the four processes of change. Conclusion: Obesity is accompanied by a modifying behavioral stage, suggesting that subjects before BS are seriously thinking about overcoming excess weight. To identify subjects on the waiting list for BS who will be more receptive to weight lost interventions remains a challenge.

Published
2019

46. Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Cirrhosis

Author

Miñambres, Inka, primary, Rubio, Miguel Angel, additional, de Hollanda, Ana, additional, Breton, Irene, additional, Vilarrasa, Nuria, additional, Pellitero, Silvia, additional, Bueno, Marta, additional, Lecube, Albert, additional, Marcuello, Clara, additional, Goday, Albert, additional, Ballesteros, Maria D., additional, Soriano, German, additional, and Caixàs, Assumpta, additional

Published
2018
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49. Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Morbid Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Author

Vilarrasa, Nuria, primary, Rubio, Miguel Angel, additional, Miñambres, Inka, additional, Flores, Lillian, additional, Caixàs, Assumpta, additional, Ciudin, Andrea, additional, Bueno, Marta, additional, García-Luna, Pedro Pablo, additional, Ballesteros-Pomar, María D., additional, Ruiz-Adana, Marisol, additional, and Lecube, Albert, additional

Published
2016
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50. The Association of Hypovitaminosis D with the Metabolic Syndrome Is Independent of the Degree of Obesity

Author

Miñambres, Inka, Sánchez-Hernández, Joan, Sanchez-Quesada, Jose Luis, Rodríguez, Jose, Leiva Hidalgo, Alberto de, Pérez Pérez, Antonio, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, business.industry, Odds ratio, Overweight, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Obesity, Confidence interval, vitamin D deficiency, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Clinical Study, medicine.symptom, Metabolic syndrome, business
Abstract

Background. It remains uncertain whether the metabolic syndrome (MS) or insulin resistance contribute to the association between vitamin D deficiency and obesity. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 343 subjects who were overweight or obese. We analyzed anthropometric data and the presence or absence of MS. Additionally, we determined 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and insulin concentrations, and the HOMA index was calculated. Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test, Student's t-tests,and logistic regression analysis were used. Results. The mean age of the patients was 42±11 years, and 65.9% were women. The mean BMI was 34.7±8.3 kg/m2 and 25(OH)D levels were 53.7±29.8 nmol/L. Forty-six patients (13.4%) had MS. Vitamin D status was associated with the degree of obesity, especially with a BMI > 40 kg/m2. Patients with MS had lower levels of 25(OH)D than patients without (43.3±29.0 versus 55.3±29.6 mmol/L, resp.), and the odds ratio for hypovitaminosis D was 2.7 (confidence interval (CI), 1.14–6.4) (P=.023) for patients with MS versus patients without MS, irrespective of the degree of obesity. Conclusions. Our data confirm the association between vitamin D and MS and suggest that this association is independent of the degree of obesity.

Published
2012
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