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The knowledge of the thermo-mechanical response of polymers during crystallization is of seminal importance for process control and modeling. Among the other subtle findings, the crystallinity-rheological simplicity, resembling the thermo-rheological one, was frequently reported, based on the observation that the same amount of crystallinity induces the same rheological hardening to the polymer, regardless the crystallization conditions. The crystallization kinetics, which is a fundamental issue in polymer science, is investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. However, the poor agreement of calorimetric data with data coming from rheological investigation remains a debated issue. The crystallization kinetics of a commercial poly-ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer (EVA) is here investigated both with DSC and rheological measurements. EVA is a nice model system since its melting point is below 100[degrees]C, thus allowing avoiding all the experimental shortcomings related to thermal degradation. We show that DSC and rheological crystallization data satisfactorily agree for the investigated copolymer and thus we conclude that all the discrepancies found in the literature must be principally due to experimental artifacts. Moreover, the observed agreement between DSC and rheological data confirms that the rheological hardening is proportional to the volume of crystallites only and not to the modality in which the crystallization takes place., INTRODUCTION The process technologies of semi-crystalline polymers require a deep understanding of crystallization kinetics that dominate the quality and the performances of the final products. Depending on the processing techniques [...]

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is a random copolymer of ethylene and varying amounts of vinyl acetate that interfere with poly-ethylene chain packing reducing crystallinity, thus improving transparency and lowering the melting temperature to 40[degrees]C-60[degrees]C. The material viscoelastic properties in its working conditions may thus depend on the crystallinity degree. The crystallization process is here rheologically studied in non-isothermal conditions and the frequency spectra are measured at different temperatures to investigate the viscoelasticity of EVA. Coupling the crystallization kinetics and the viscoelastic spectra at different temperatures, that is, at different degree of crystallinity, we here determine two independent shift factors, one for the timecrystallinity shift, the other for the time-temperature shift, so to propose a new time-temperature-crystallinitysuperposition to reconcile all the data on a single master curve. In this way, the experimentally observable frequency range has been widened significantly so to detect all the relaxation times of the material from the shortest to the largest ones., INTRODUCTION In polymer processing, like injection molding, fiber spinning, film casting, and so on, a forming step of the melt is followed by solidification due to cooling. This implies that [...]

We study the shear rheological behavior of a commercial stereolithography paste containing ≈ 50 vol. % of zirconia particles (diameter ≈ 100 nm) with the aim to clarify physical mechanisms occurring during the "scraping" step of this yield stress fluid. Beyond a flow curve characterized by a high zero-shear viscosity accompanied with an overall shear-thinning behavior, we investigate in a systematic way the transient regime through start-up experiments. We demonstrate that a structural transition occurs between 10 − 2 and 10−1 s−1, resulting in an apparent interruption of the shear-thinning. The corresponding transient response presents a pronounced extra-growth of the shear stress before to stabilize at high strain amplitude and a negative first normal stress difference peak, both effects become stronger at higher shear rates. These observations are rationalized based on the high interparticle friction owing to the polyhedral shape and the roughness of the particles. In addition, relaxation tests following the start-up experiments reveal that the samples submitted to shear rates higher than 10−1 s−1 cannot relax the shear stress to the same level as in low shear rate experiments, suggesting a durable structural modification likely to impact the quality of the parts prior to their debinding and densification. Finally, we utilize orthogonal superposition rheology to illustrate how the application of an oscillatory deformation during the scraping procedure could help to reduce the shear-thinning interruption and improve the stereolithography processing as already observed empirically during scraping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important from both a strategic and economic standpoint to study the mechanism of formation of water/oil emulsions, to predict their increase of viscosity with respect to that of the crude oil, and to obtain information about the stability vs separation of these substances (since their presence can impair oil processing and distribution). The objective of this work was to ascertain the influence of monoethylene glycol (MEG) on these parameters and its action mechanism. The addition of MEG in different proportions in the oil emulsions significantly changed the flow curve of the emulsion, passing from a quasi‐Newtonian one to a shear thinning behaviour. Besides this, when MEG was present at low concentrations, the demulsification process was slow and an increase in concentration made the emulsions more stable than samples containing the same aqueous phase proportion. Under the conditions studied, the addition of MEG did not reduce the quantity of the aqueous phase separated compared to the emulsions free of MEG, but significantly delayed the demulsification process. Rheology provided important information regarding the phase separation process of the aqueous phase in oil phase emulsions, and dynamic testing suggested that the most relevant effect of the addition of MEG is an increase of the emulsion elasticity that can be correlated with the increase in the emulsion stability observed by bottle test and Turbiscan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]