Search

Agroforestry is a win–win solution in terms of restoring forest function while benefiting the local community. This research aimed to (1) understand the regulations concerning conservation forest management and the restoration strategies adopted based on the history of forest degradation in the area, (2) investigate the factors driving local people to adopt agroforestry systems in the area, and (3) investigate the characteristics of the agroforestry system developed and its impacts based on farmers’ perceptions. This research was performed in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park, Lampung Province, Indonesia, and involved 59 respondents who managed 63 agroforestry plots in the area. Several schemes had been implemented to restore the degraded forest without involving the community, and the results were unsatisfactory. Changing the regulations concerning managing conservation forests to involve the community and providing legal permits and support from the management improved forest function due to community willingness to implement the agroforestry system. About 81% of observed plots consisted of 5–12 plant species, and 16% of plots consisted of 13–16 species per plot. Theobroma cacao was the most common species in the agroforestry plots, followed by Durio zibethinus, Parkia speciosa, and Aleurites moluccana. The size of the agroforestry plot affected the number of species in the plot. The community perception demonstrated that agroforestry has positive impacts on livelihood, the environment, and biodiversity at the landscape level.

Hybrid silkworm varieties, mulberry species, environmental factors, and rearing factors are essential for the cocoons’ quality. The species of silkworm feeding is a key factor in the sericulture industry, so the suitability of mulberry species for each silkworm hybrid species needs to be known. This study aimed to determine the effect of mulberry species on silkworm growth and quality of cocoons BS 09. The research method used was a randomized block design with four species of mulberry: Morus bombycis var Lembang, M. cathayana, M. multicaulis, and M. alba var Kanva 2 and one control species (mixed mulberry species). The research was carried out at Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor Regency. The determined parameters were the percentage of rearing, larva weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and percentage of cocoon shell. The experiment results showed that the percentage of rearing was 97.5%-100% for all species of mulberry. The best result of the cocoon weight was feed treatment of M. multicaulis (1.89 g), but it was not significant with feed treatment of M. bombycis var Lembang or M. cathayana or M. alba var Kanva 2. M. cathayana feed treatments give the best results for the cocoon shell weight (0.44 gram) and percentage of cocoon shell (22.82%).

To ensure sustainability of livelihood and community access in forest land management through Social Forestry Program, sustainable agroforestry system has to be applied. Social Forestry in Gedong Wani Forest Management Unit (FMU) has performed through forestry partnership scheme, although the activity is still in the form of monoculture agriculture. The research aimed to initiate application of sustainable agroforestry technology in Gedong Wani FMU involving surrounding forest community. The research used experimental method by establishing a 2 ha participatory demonstration plot at Kandis Resort. The research stages include socialization of sustainable agroforestry concept, structured interview about community perception on agroforestry practice and their preference on plant species, survey on biophysical aspect of the site, construction of technical design, seed(lings) preparation and transplanting of the seed(lings). The results showed that communities at the research site have never received socialization on sustainable agroforestry concept yet. Respondent preference on plant species were influenced by market prospect and fulfillment on food and wood. In the demonstration plot area, there were rubber plants with 66 trees/ha density with only 19% shading capacity. Its land cover was 8.76% and basal area was 0.82 m2/ha. Soil fertility at the demonstration plot was categorized very low; especially its contents of Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium, so high production inputs are needed. Farmers’ participation was high, especially in the stages of technical design construction, land preparation and seed(lings) planting activities. Establishment of sustainable agroforestry demonstration plot at Kandis Resort is expected could encourage acceleration of Social Forestry implementation throughout Gedong Wani FMU areas.

Community access to the land of Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park has started since a long time ago. Since 1998, the community has been permitted to use the land by emphasizing the sustainability aspect. Complex agroforestry systems have been established by combining several tree crops; most of them are food-producing plants. This research was aimed to study the composition and characteristics of the food-producing plant species, canopy strata, and its regeneration rate in the context of an agroforestry system. The research was conducted at two villages; those were Bogorejo and Cilimus, located in Pesawaran District, Lampung Province, from March to November 2018. Data collection was done through field observation and structured interviews with 59 farmers as respondents who managed the grand forest parkland. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the complex agroforestry practices characterized by three canopy layers and one understorey. The mature food-producing plant species proportion was 86.85% of the total food-producing plants with plants density 735.97 individuals/ha. The density of tree crops population 847.42 individuals/ha with the highest density was found for coffee, cacao and candlenut. The existence of immature food-producing plants species was only 13.15%, indicating that the regeneration process had been initiated and conservation effort of the grand forest park still on-going.

Natural silk farming is a series of silk agro-industry activities from mulberry cultivation, silkworm maintenance, cocoon production and processing, silk spinning and weaving. Many supporting factors for the development of natural silk in Indonesia. However, the natural silk industry is getting worse with high import values. The main problem is the low quality of silkworm egg seeds. The Forest Research and Development Center (P3H) is a government agency authorized for natural silk commodity development. This study aims to describe the efforts of conservation and breeding of natural silkworm in Indonesia. The material used for conservation is the germ plasma silkworms collection owned by P3H. Whereas for breeding activities, silkworms used are produced from conservation activities. Conservation is carried out using eggs of the same type of strain in the germ-plasma, while breeding is done by crossing various types of moths. The result of conservation is the maintenance of 58 germ plasma silkworms. While breeding results are a type of hybrid caterpillar PS 01, which has a production advantage compared to commercial types CS 03. The dissemination of results such as hybrid PS 01, which has a comparative advantage needs to be improved to help overcome the problem of Indonesian silkworms.

The sustainability of silkworm rearing depends on the availability of qualified mulberry plants. The research is aimed to observe the compatibility of hybrid Morus khunpai and M.indica (KI hybrid) for silkworm's feeding. It is related to the cocoon and filament quality. KI hybrids are a result of pollination control male parent M.khunpai and female parent M.indica S-54. The research applied a Randomized Complete Design by measuring variables, i.e.: the percentage of cocoon, number of normal cocoon, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length. The result showed that cocoon and filament quality of silkworm fed by mulberry hybrid M.khunpai and M.indica (KI) have shown non-significant differences compared with silkworm fed by mulberry parents (M.khunpai and M.indica and the control (M.nigra). This situation showed that there has not been recognised yet as the compatibility of hybrid M.khunpai and M.indica (KI) hybrid for silkworm feeding.