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Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom often resistant to treatment. The identification of biomarkers sensitive to anhedonia treatment will aid in the evaluation of novel anhedonia interventions. This is an exploratory analysis of changes in subcortical brain volumes accompanying psychotherapy in a transdiagnostic anhedonic sample using ultra-high field (7-Tesla) MRI. Outpatients with clinically impairing anhedonia (n = 116) received Behavioral Activation Treatment for Anhedonia, a novel psychotherapy, or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers NCT02874534 and NCT04036136). Subcortical brain volumes were estimated via the MultisegPipeline, and regions of interest were the amygdala, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, and thalamus. Bivariate mixed effects models estimated pre-treatment relations between anhedonia severity and subcortical brain volumes, change over time in subcortical brain volumes, and associations between changes in subcortical brain volumes and changes in anhedonia symptoms. As reported previously (Cernasov et al., 2023), both forms of psychotherapy resulted in equivalent and significant reductions in anhedonia symptoms. Pre-treatment anhedonia severity and subcortical brain volumes were not related. No changes in subcortical brain volumes were observed over the course of treatment. Additionally, no relations were observed between changes in subcortical brain volumes and changes in anhedonia severity over the course of treatment. This trial included a modest sample size and did not have a waitlist-control condition or a non-anhedonic comparison group. In this exploratory analysis, psychotherapy for anhedonia was not accompanied by changes in subcortical brain volumes, suggesting that subcortical brain volumes may not be a candidate biomarker sensitive to response to psychotherapy. • Pre-treatment anhedonia severity and pre-treatment subcortical brain volumes were not related. • Psychotherapy for anhedonia was not accompanied by changes in subcortical brain volumes. • There was a modest relation between pre-treatment anhedonia and change in caudate nucleus volumes during treatment. • Subcortical brain volumes may not be a candidate biomarker sensitive to response to psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse effects of chronically high levels of stress on physical and mental health are well established. In physicians, the effects of elevated stress levels exceed the individual level and include treatment errors and reduced quality of patient-doctor relationships. Breathing and mindfulness-based exercises have been shown to reduce stress and could serve as an immediate and easy-to-implement anti-stress intervention among physicians. Due to the heterogeneity of their effect on stress, we aim to evaluate the intervention effect of performing a short daily breathwork-based or mindfulness-based intervention on the everyday level of perceived stress in physicians in residence in Germany in a series of N-of-1 trials. Methods: Study participants will choose between two short interventions, box breathing, and one guided more complex mindfulness-based breathing exercise. Each participant subsequently will be randomly allocated to a sequence of 1-week intervention (A) and control (B, everyday life) phases. Each N-of-1 trial consists of two two-week cycles (AB or BA), resulting in a total trial duration of 4 weeks (ABAB or BABA). Perceived levels of stress will be assessed daily via the StudyU App on the participant's smartphone. Additionally, participants will be asked to complete a questionnaire at baseline and three months after completion of the study that contains questions about basic participant characteristics, lifestyle factors, individual living situations, and validated psychological questionnaires. Intervention effects will be estimated by Bayesian multi-level random effects models on the individual and population level. Discussion: This study contributes to the development of short-term solutions to reduce work-related stress for physicians in residence. This is expected to benefit the individual and increase the quality of overall healthcare due to a reduction in treatment errors and an increase in the quality of doctor-patient relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological symptoms among COVID‐19 survivors. This study compared the efficacy of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and Beck cognitive therapy (BCT) in addressing these issues.Forty‐five COVID‐19 survivors were randomly assigned to one of three groups: MBCT, BCT or a control. Pre‐ and postintervention assessments, using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), were conducted. Both interventions consisted of eight 90‐minute sessions.An ANCOVA analysis revealed that BCT was more effective than MBCT in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms. Both interventions led to significant improvements, but no significant differences were observed between post‐test and follow‐up.BCT is a promising intervention for depression and anxiety in COVID‐19 survivors. Facilities providing cognitive therapy should be integrated into healthcare settings to support mental health recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify moderators of treatment effect (i.e. depressive symptoms and well-being) of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI) in patients with bipolar disorder. Data were drawn from two multicenter randomized controlled trials investigating effectiveness of MBCT vs treatment as usual (TAU; n = 144) and PPI vs TAU (n = 97) in bipolar disorder. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 12 months after baseline. Data were analyzed using separate linear regression models, comparing the pooled MBCT or PPI outcomes to TAU, and comparing MBCT to PPI. The exploratory analyses not corrected for multiple comparisons showed a number of variables that were associated with stronger response to the interventions, including higher baseline anxiety, lower well-being, and lower levels of self-focused positive rumination, well-being, and self-compassion, and variables associated with a stronger response to either MBCT (higher levels of depression and anxiety and being married) or PPI (being male). After correcting for multiple testing, depressive symptoms appeared to be the most robust variable associated with better response to MBCT than PPI. The RCTs handled slightly different enrollment criteria and outcome measures. The most robust finding is that patients with more severe symptomatology seem to benefit more from MBCT than PPI. This is a first step to improve personalized assignment of third-wave CBT interventions for patients with bipolar disorder. However, before definite treatment assignment criteria can be formulated and implemented in clinical practice, these findings should be replicated. • This is a first step to improve personalized assignment of third-wave CBT interventions for patients with bipolar disorder. • Findings show that both MBCT and PPI are more helpful than TAU in improving well-being at 12-months after baseline. • Patients with more severe symptomatology benefit more from MBCT than PPI at posttreatment and 12 months after baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This randomized clinical trial investigates the effectiveness of skill-oriented, material-based cognitive behavioral therapy (SEKT) and supportive, patient-centered, emotion-focused therapy (FEST) forms of psychotherapy in the prevention of relapse in patients with euthymic bipolar disorder. Key Points: Question: Do skill-oriented, material-based cognitive behavioral therapy (SEKT) and supportive, patient-centered, emotion-focused therapy (FEST) forms of psychotherapy prevent relapse in patients with euthymic bipolar disorder? Findings: In this randomized clinical trial including 305 patients with bipolar disorder, both SEKT and FEST psychotherapies were equally effective in preventing recurrence of a new episode. Outcome (higher rate of new episodes) was not predicted by type of treatment but was predicted by bipolar 2 disorder, comorbidity, attending all sessions, and the interaction of type of treatment by bipolar disorder 1 or 2. Meaning: The provision of empathy, verbalizing emotions, and support are sufficient ingredients in relapse prevention; patients with bipolar 2 disorder need more specific treatment adapted to their course of illness. Importance: Several psychotherapy protocols have been evaluated as adjuncts to pharmacotherapy for patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Little is known about their comparative effectiveness. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 2 types of group psychotherapy, skill-oriented, material-based cognitive behavioral therapy (SEKT) and supportive, patient-centered, emotion-focused therapy (FEST), to prevent relapse in patients with euthymic BD. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a large, observer-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted over 18 months (posttreatment after 6 months; follow-up at 12 and 18 months). In addition to psychiatric care as usual (including mood-stabilizing medication), each participant at 9 clinical outpatient units in Germany received 24 hours of group psychotherapy over 4, full-day sessions spread over 5 months. Patients with euthymic BD type 1 (BD 1) or BD type 2 (BD 2) between the ages of 18 and 50 years were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 forms of psychotherapy, SEKT or FEST. Independent clinicians blinded to patient grouping performed assessments using structured interviews (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders and Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation) and self-rating and clinician rating for inclusion criteria and outcome. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated for time to relapse. Cox proportional hazards statistics and propensity score matching were calculated for the multivariate analysis. Study data were analyzed from March 2020 to September 2022. Interventions: SEKT intervention is a structured cognitive behavioral therapy integrating elements of interpersonal social rhythm therapy, and of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. FEST psychotherapy has its roots in emotion-focused, supportive, and nondirective therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: Recurrence of a new affective episode assessed by blinded interviewer with the LIFE interview. In addition, self-rating and clinician rating of depressive and mania symptoms as well as level of social functioning were assessed. Results: Of 348 screened referrals, 305 patients (median [IQR] age, 34 [18-50] years; 162 male [53%]) with euthymic BD 1 or BD 2 were included in the study. A total of 207 patients (68%) had BD 1, 98 (32%) had BD 2, and 278 (91%) received psychiatric care. Both therapies were equally effective in preventing recurrence of a new episode. Outcome (higher rate of new episodes) was not predicted by kind of treatment (SEKT: 69 [49%] relapse; FEST: 63 [46%] relapse) but was predicted by BD 2, comorbidity, attending all sessions, and the interaction of type of treatment by BD 1 or 2. Patients with BD 2 had the highest rate of relapse (60 [61%] relapse), in particular, when treated by SEKT (39 [70%] relapse). Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this randomized clinical trial revealed that a structured, skill-oriented, material-based cognitive behavioral therapy (SEKT) and a supportive, patient-centered, emotion-focused therapy (FEST) were equally effective in preventing relapse of affective episodes when delivered in a new, intensive group format. Additionally, there were baseline factors, in particular BD 2, that influenced outcomes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02506322 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of allergic rhinitis in children is high across the world, as well as in China. Allergic rhinitis in children has serious impact on physical and mental health of the children. At the same time, the caregivers of allergic rhinitis children have heavy burden of care, and their mental problems are severe. It is necessary to implement timely psychological intervention for the caregivers of allergic rhinitis children. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a safe and effective psychological therapy, and the effect of online intervention can be comparable to the traditional face-to-face intervention program. This study focused on the mental health status in the main caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis, and conducted a modified online MBCT intervention on the caregivers, in order to improve their adverse mental state, meanwhile, improve the quality of care they provide. The results show that online MBCT intervention is applicable to the main caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis, and can effectively reduce caregiver burden, relieve anxiety and depression, and improve the level of mindfulness in the caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, with its prevalence on the rise. The use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), primarily including mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), in MDD is scientifically justified. But will every population subgroup benefit from such an approach? Aim of the study The aim of our study is to analyze, based on the latest scientific findings, the effects of MBIs within specific subgroups of patients suffering from depression, including adolescents, elderly patients, cancer patients, individuals experiencing postnatal and perinatal depression, and patients with chronic pain. Additionally, we sought to summarize the current knowledge regarding the structural and functional effects of MBIs on the human brain. Materials and methods We conducted a comprehensive search of scientific databases including PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles focusing on MBIs and their effects on treating depression within various subgroups. Additionally, we performed a review of literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of MBIs on the human brain. Conclusions Across various subgroups MBIs show promise in reducing depressive symptoms, indicating their potential as adjunctive treatments or preventive measures. While longer intervention durations are associated with larger effects, further research is needed to establish a solid evidence base, particularly in older populations and cancer patients with different cancer types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the clinical therapeutic effect and mental state of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). In this study, 80 patients suffering from FD in an outpatient clinic were enrolled from January to December 2020. Patients were randomly allocated into the control group (conventional treatment) and observation group (MBCT treatment). Patients in the control group were prescribed rabeprazole and mosapiride, and patients in the observation group were given MBCT therapy in addition to the above drugs. After treatment for 8 weeks, the changes in gastrointestinal symptom scores, anxiety, depression, mindfulness and sleep quality and gastric emptying testing were compared between these two groups. The observation group showed strikingly lower gastrointestinal symptom scores, SAS, SDS, PSQI, and SCL-90 scale scores, and higher FFMQ scale scores than the control group (p < 0.05). There was no conspicuous change in gastric emptying monitoring (p > 0.05). MBCT therapy can improve patients' gastrointestinal symptoms, attenuate their anxiety and depression levels, and ameliorate their sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in a partial hospitalization program (PHP) for adolescents and young adults. In the present study, 146 patients (mean age = 17.5) in a DBT PHP completed surveys assessing suicidality, difficulties in emotion regulation, depression, and anxiety, as well as effective coping skills on their admission and discharge from the program. After a 20-day course of intensive DBT programming, patients showed statistically significant decreases, associated with mostly medium and large effect sizes, in suicidal behaviors, depression, anxiety, stress, and emotion dysregulation. Patients also showed significant increases in the use of mindfulness and functional coping skills. These results demonstrate the significant effects of intensive-level (PHP) DBT delivered over a relatively brief period to adolescents and young adults with severe difficulties. Future studies should explore DBT impact on additional treatment targets and identify the strongest predictors of improved outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodResultsConclusions\nKey PointsMental illnesses disproportionately affect young people, and tertiary education students experience higher levels of mental illness compared to other young people. Preventive strategies would be useful for improving tertiary students’ mental health.The current study utilises structural equation modelling in order to measure the indirect relationship between positive affect and life engagement, mindful attention, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and resilience in 1,027 Australian tertiary students.Positive affect had both direct and indirect relationships with resilience and symptoms of depression, and an indirect relationship with symptoms of anxiety. The indirect relationships between positive affect and depression and resilience partially depended on mindfulness and purpose in life. Additionally, the pathway from positive affect to symptoms of anxiety completely depended on the relationship between positive affect and mindfulness and purpose in life.The results indicate that positive affect may be useful for improving resilience and reducing symptoms of depression in tertiary students but may only alleviate symptoms of anxiety through its relationship with coping resources.What is already known about this topic: Australian tertiary education students are at-risk for the development of mental disorders. Preventive mental health programs are needed to help combat distress in students.Fredrickson’s Broaden and Build Theory states that positive affect can improve mental health by improving an individual’s engagement in stress reducing activities.Existing research investigating Fredrickson’s theory has shown mixed results.Australian tertiary education students are at-risk for the development of mental disorders. Preventive mental health programs are needed to help combat distress in students.Fredrickson’s Broaden and Build Theory states that positive affect can improve mental health by improving an individual’s engagement in stress reducing activities.Existing research investigating Fredrickson’s theory has shown mixed results.What this topic adds: This study found that positive affect is directly related to resilience and symptoms of depression, and indirectly related to symptoms of anxiety through coping resources in tertiary students.The findings help to explain the mixed results of previous studies investigating the relationship between positive affect and mental health outcomes.The results support that Fredrickson’s Broaden and Build Theory is a useful framework for informing the development of preventive mental health programs for tertiary education students.This study found that positive affect is directly related to resilience and symptoms of depression, and indirectly related to symptoms of anxiety through coping resources in tertiary students.The findings help to explain the mixed results of previous studies investigating the relationship between positive affect and mental health outcomes.The results support that Fredrickson’s Broaden and Build Theory is a useful framework for informing the development of preventive mental health programs for tertiary education students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) presents a significant challenge, affecting approximately 30% of individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder and leading to poor treatment responses. Innovations in digital mental health, especially online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (eMBCT), offer promising avenues for enhancing access to effective mental health care for individuals with TRD in a clinical setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of eMBCT in an individual clinical context to decrease depressive symptoms for TRD. Methods: Conducted at the Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, this parallel-arm, randomized controlled feasibility trial involved outpatients diagnosed with TRD, aged 18 and above. Of the 39 outpatients invited, 28 were randomized into two groups: an intervention group receiving the eMBCT program (n = 15) and a control group (n = 13). The intervention, consisting of an 8-week course, was delivered via live video sessions. Following the assessment period, participants in the control group were offered the eMBCT intervention. Assessments using standardized questionnaires were conducted at the start and end of the study. Results: Within the eMBCT group, improvements were observed in depression symptoms (Z = -3.423; p = 0.001; effect size r = 0.78), anxiety symptoms (Z = -3.361; p = 0.001; effect size r = 0.77), with no significant changes in the control group. Comparatively, the eMBCT group showed significant reductions in depression symptoms and improvements in clinical global impressions over the control group (BDI2: U = 30.5; p = 0.015; effect size r = 0.47, CGI1: U = 21.0; p = 0.004; effect size r = 0.56). Conclusion: eMBCT in an individual format combined with medication, appears to be a feasible treatment for TRD, decreasing symptoms of depression. In a future trial the control group may have a manualized intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) remain the gold standard for treating OUD, but treatment initiation and adherence remain challenging. Exclusive utilization of pharmacotherapy as a treatment modality for OUD is sub-optimal, and a combination of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies is recommended. General trends indicate the benefits of peer mentoring and MBRP separately. Therefore, we hypothesize that the combined effect of MBRP and Peer mentoring will produce synergistic improvements in MOUD adherence compared to an enhanced twelve-step facilitation (TSF). Methods: This paper describes the methods and baseline characteristics of a multi-site randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a combination of MBRP and peer support (MiMP) compared to an enhanced TSF in improving adherence to MOUD. Both MiMP and TSF are 12-week manualized protocols that utilize licensed therapists. The interventions are delivered in weekly group sessions that last about 75-90 minutes per session. The primary outcome is MOUD adherence. Secondary and exploratory outcomes include relapse, cravings, depression, anxiety, stress, quality of life, and pain catastrophizing. Results: The participants' ages ranged from 21 years to 77 years, with a mean age of 44.5 (SD ± 11.5 years). There was an almost equal distribution of gender and place of residence. Overall, 51.9% (n=54) of participants identified as female and 48.1% (n=50) were male. Similarly, 51.9% (n=54) of participants resided in urban areas, while 48.1% (n=50) resided in rural areas. Participants identified as either black or white, with over three-quarters identifying as white (77.9%, n= 81) and 22.1% (n= 23) as black. Most participants randomized to the 12-step facilitation group were white (93.1%). Relationships and employment status were well distributed between categories. Over half of the participants reported some college or higher education. Over 90% of the participants made less than $75,000 per year. Some participants indicated that they had both public and private health insurance. Discussion and conclusion: This study is innovative in several ways including combining MBRP and peer support, addressing comorbid mental health issues among individuals with OUD, utilizing manualized protocols, and evaluating of both physiological and self-reported measures in assessing cortisol reactivity as a predictor of relapse and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, disabling mental disorder characterized by phases of mania, hypomania, or depression. The present quasi-experimental study of 21 BD patients (Mage = 44 years, SD = 11.45, 6% women) compared the efficacy of a mutual aid group (MAG) with a MAG that followed a mindfulness-based intervention (MAG+M) over 6 weeks. Method: Both groups were evaluated pre-test and post-test with the following variables: depression, mania, anxiety, mindfulness, and psychological acceptance. Results: Pretest and post-test intragroup analyses showed that MAG+M improved significantly in measures of depression (z = -2.31, p = .02) and trait anxiety (z = -2.43, p = .01), while MAG did not improve in any of the measures. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the post-test. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mindfulness meditation may improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in a MAG for BD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• African Americans have been underrepresented in mindfulness research. • Mindfulness approaches need to be tailored for African Americans. • Mindfulness interventions can be disseminated via technology to reduce barriers. • A culturally-responsive mindfulness app improved outcomes among African Americans. Mindfulness is a promising health promotion strategy for African Americans, and it is imperative that culturally responsive mindfulness approaches be accessible to this population. One way to address this need is to develop and test if culturally responsive mobile health (mhealth) applications are efficacious in reducing stress-related outcomes in this population. With this goal in mind, we employed a repeated-measures randomized control trial (RCT) across a 12-week intervention period to evaluate if participants in the intervention group outperformed a wait-list control group in reductions in stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, emotional regulation difficulties as well as in increases in self-compassion, resilience, and mindfulness attitudes and behaviors. Our sample included 170 Black/African American participants who were randomly assigned to either the intervention condition (n = 84) or the wait-list control group (n = 86). Participants in the intervention condition reported more self-compassion, used more mindfulness, and had greater self-efficacy using mindfulness; yet, no other differences were evident. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with the app and gave it a positive rating for its relevance to their lives. These findings support the efficacy of a culturally responsive mindfulness mHealth app to enhance self-compassion and increase the use of health-promoting behaviors, like mindfulness, among African Americans. Implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Mindfulness‐based interventions have been tested as preventive programs for childhood internalizing difficulties, but most research has been at a 'universal' level with small to null effects. Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Children (MBCT‐C) has similar effects to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) when used as a small‐group, targeted preventive program. Knowledge gaps include the longer‐term effectiveness of MBCT‐C relative to CBT and the benefits of adding a parent module. This trial aims to compare MCBT‐C to traditional CBT, including a parent module, to 15‐months post‐intervention and to test the feasibility and acceptability of adding a parent module. Methods: Participants will be recruited from primary schools in areas of socio‐economic disadvantage in South Australia (n = 194). Children (aged 9–12) years with signs of internalizing difficulties (e.g., shy, withdrawn, worried), and their parents, will be eligible for this two‐armed randomized controlled non‐inferiority trial (RCT). Children will participate in 10 group sessions of MBCT‐C or CBT, facilitated by psychologists, and parents from both conditions will participate in two parent‐only group sessions. Child self‐report measures include depression and anxiety, as well as attention, mindfulness and self‐compassion. Parent measures include symptoms of depression and anxiety, mindfulness, and parent–child relationship strength. The primary outcome will be child anxiety and depression (Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale‐25). Measures will be collected pre and post intervention, and at 3, 6, 12 and 15‐month follow up. Results: Schools will be recruited from October 2022. Nomination of children will commence from February 2023. Program implementation will begin May 2023. Conclusions: This trial will have implications for the feasibility of involving parents in preventative programs, as well as whether mindfulness‐based interventions prevent internalizing difficulties over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the increase in the number of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and their major problems in the field of sleep quality, rumination and ataxia, it seems that many of these patients lack sufficient knowledge and skills to properly manage such a condition. They do not have any problems. Aims: The purpose of the research was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sleep disorder, emotional dyslexia, and rumination in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: It was a semi-experimental research design of pre-test-post-test and follow-up type with control group. In order to select the participants, among the women suffering from irritable bowel syndrome who referred to the government counseling center of Kerman city in 2022, 45 patients were selected based on the entry and exit criteria of the study and were selected in three treatment groups focused on emotion, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and evidence were included. Emotion focused therapy (Greenberg et al., 1993) was performed during 8 weekly sessions, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (Segal et al., 2002) was performed during 8 weekly sessions, and the control group did not receive any therapy. Questionnaires for sleep disorder (Buysse, 1989), alexia (Bagby et al., 1994) and rumination (Nolen Hoeksima and Morrow, 1991) were completed in three phases: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements and SPSS version 23 software. Results: The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that emotion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a significant effect in improving sleep disorder and rumination in the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0.01); However, in the alexithymia variable, only the treatment focused on emotionality had a significant effect (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that treatment focused on emotion and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness improves sleep disorder, rumination and emotional dyslexia in women with irritable bowel syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently gives rise to depressive and anxiety symptoms, but these are often undertreated. This study investigated the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) on psychological outcomes and quality of life (QoL), and whether they mediate treatment effects on MS-related cognitive problems. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included MS patients with cognitive complaints (n = 99) and compared MBCT (n = 32) and CRT (n = 32) to enhanced treatment as usual (n = 35). Baseline, post-treatment and 6-months follow-up assessments included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) and cognitive outcomes (self-reported and neuropsychological assessment). PROMS concerned psychological symptoms, well-being, QoL, and daily life function. Linear mixed models indicated intervention effects on PROMS and mediation effects of PROMS on cognitive outcomes. Results: MBCT positively affected depressive symptoms (Cohen's d (d) = −0.46), fatigue (d = −0.39), brooding (d = −0.34), mindfulness skills (d = 0.49), and mental QoL (d = −0.73) at post-treatment. Effects on mindfulness skills remained significant 6 months later (d = 0.42). CRT positively affected depressive symptoms (d = −0.46), mindfulness skills (d = 0.37), and mental QoL (d = −0.45) at post-treatment, but not at 6-month follow-up. No effects on anxiety, well-being, self-compassion, physical QoL, and daily life function were found. Treatment effects on self-reported, but not objective, cognition were mediated by psychological symptoms and mindfulness skills. Conclusions: MBCT and CRT reduced a wide array of psychological symptoms and improved mental QoL. These improvements seemed to impact self-reported cognitive problems after both treatments, whereas objective cognitive improvements after MBCT seemed independent of improvement in psychological symptoms. Future studies should investigate long-term sustainability of these beneficial effects. Trial registration: The trial was prospectively registered in the Dutch Trial registry on 31 May 2017 (NL6285; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6459). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Points: Question: What is the relative effectiveness of grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy compared with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to reduce prolonged grief? Findings: In this randomized clinical trial of 100 adults with prolonged grief disorder, both interventions were associated with reduced grief severity, and grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy demonstrated greater reduction in prolonged grief symptoms 6 months after treatment compared to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Meaning: The findings indicate that both interventions may be considered for treating prolonged grief symptoms; with consideration of all relevant factors, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy appeared to be more effective in reducing grief severity. This randomized clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of grief-focused cognitive behavior therapies vs mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in individuals with prolonged grief disorder. Importance: Although grief-focused cognitive behavior therapies are the most empirically supported treatment for prolonged grief disorder, many people find this treatment difficult. A viable alternative for treatment is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Objective: To examine the relative efficacies of grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to reduce prolonged grief disorder severity. Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial was conducted among adults aged 18 to 70 years with prolonged grief disorder, as defined in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, and assessed by clinical interview based on the Prolonged Grief−13 (PG-13) scale. Those with severe suicidal risk, presence of psychosis, or substance dependence were excluded. Between November 2012 and November 2022, eligible participants were randomized 1:1 to eleven 90-minute sessions of grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy at a traumatic stress clinic in Sydney, Australia, with follow-up through 6 months. Interventions: Both groups received once-weekly 90-minute individual sessions for 11 weeks. Grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy comprised 5 sessions of recalling memories of the deceased, plus cognitive restructuring and planning future social and positive activities. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy comprised mindfulness exercises adapted to tolerate grief-related distress. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was change in prolonged grief disorder severity measured by the PG-13 scale assessed at baseline, 1 week posttreatment, and 6 months after treatment (primary outcome time point), as well as secondary outcome measures of depression, anxiety, grief-related cognition, and quality of life. Results: The trial included 100 participants (mean [SD] age, 47.3 [13.4] years; 87 [87.0%] female), 50 in the grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy condition and 50 in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy condition. Linear mixed models indicated that at the 6-month assessment, participants in the grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy group showed greater reduction in PG-13 scale score relative to those in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group (mean difference, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.6-12.5; P =.01), with a large between-group effect size (0.8; 95% CI, 0.2-1.3). Participants in the grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy group also demonstrated greater reductions in depression as measured on the Beck Depression Inventory than those in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group (mean difference, 6.6; 95% CI, 0.5-12.9; P =.04) and grief-related cognition (mean difference, 14.4; 95% CI, 2.8-25.9; P =.02). There were no other significant differences between treatment groups and no reported adverse events. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy conferred more benefit for core prolonged grief disorder symptoms and associated problems 6 months after treatment than mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Although both treatments may be considered for prolonged grief disorder, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy might be the more effective choice, taking all factors into consideration. Trial Registration: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12612000307808 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is the most common personality disorder in psychiatric settings and one of the disorders that causes the most harm to individuals. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training (DBT-ST) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on cognitive emotion regulation in individuals with symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder. Methods and Materials: This research was a semi-experimental study, utilizing a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population included all clients aged 18 to 45 who referred to counseling centers in the city of Sari during the first half of 2022 and had files. From all these individuals, those willing to cooperate were selected through purposive non-random sampling, resulting in a sample of 45 participants. These individuals were then randomly assigned to three groups (Group 1: Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training, n = 15; Group 2: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, n = 15; and Group 3: Control group, n = 15). Data collection was conducted using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski et al. (2001). The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training group (2003) participated in 12 weekly 90-minute group sessions, and the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy group (2002) participated in 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The results indicated that Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy were effective on cognitive emotion regulation in individuals with symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (P = 0.001). There was a significant difference in the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on cognitive emotion regulation between the experimental groups and the control group. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, through individuals' cognitive coping strategies, can lead to improvements in psychological indicators and enhancement of mental health in individuals with symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder. Keywords: Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Borderline Personality Disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of mindfulness therapy on treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest follow-up design with a control group. Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes, referred to Sari medical centers, were selected through non-random convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group (15 participants each). Both groups completed measures of treatment adherence (Modanloo, 2013), self-efficacy (Sherer et al., 1982), and emotion dysregulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). The experimental group received 90-minute sessions of mindfulness therapy once a week for eight weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Post-intervention assessments were conducted for both groups. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS version 22 software. Findings: The results indicated significant improvements in treatment adherence (F=154.84, p<0.001), self-efficacy (F=59.45, p<0.001), and emotion regulation (F=144.42, p<0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes following mindfulness therapy. Conclusion: Mindfulness therapy appears to enhance treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Social media addiction and academic procrastination are common and prevalent problems among students, leading to numerous negative consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on social media addiction and academic procrastination in students. Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. From the student population of the Faculty of Psychology at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 35 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Research tools included the Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (Ahmadi et al., 2016) and the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984). The experimental group underwent mindfulness training intervention for 10 sessions of 90 minutes each. At the end, a post-test was administered to both groups, and the data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Findings: The results of the covariance analysis showed that mindfulness training had an effect on social media addiction (F = 21.456) and academic procrastination (F = 17.878) in students (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is suggested that psychological interventions such as mindfulness be used to reduce social media usage and academic procrastination in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives One of the most common problems in old age is chronic pain. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in reducing the pain intensity of older women. Methods & Materials This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pretest/posttest/one-month follow-up design. The study population consists of all women aged ≥60 in Isfahan, Iran, in 2023. From this population, 30 women were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on the entry criteria. They were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The research tool was the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The intervention group received the MBCT in eight two-hour sessions, while the control group was put on the waiting list. The data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25. Results The mean age of women was 64.07±3.37 years in the intervention group and 64.20±3.57 in the control group. The mean total score of pain intensity in the intervention and control groups was 22.67 and 35.13 respectively in the post-test phase and 23.60 and 35.07 in the follow-up phase, respectively. The results showed a significant difference between the mean of the three assessment phases in all subscales and the total score (P

Abstract Background People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are very sensitive to the effects of stress. The prevalence of stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms is high, and acute stress worsens motor symptoms. Animal studies suggest that chronic stress may accelerate disease progression, but evidence for this in humans is lacking. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) train participants to focus on the present moment, on purpose and without judgement. Previous studies suggest that MBIs may alleviate stress and reduce depression and anxiety in PD. We aim to demonstrate the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as a non-pharmacologic treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric (and motor) symptoms in PD, and to identify the mechanisms underlying stress and stress reduction in PD. Methods In a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), we investigate whether 8 weeks of MBCT, as compared to care as usual, can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with PD. We aim to include 124 PD patients, who experience mild-moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression, are eligible for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and naïve to mindfulness, and who have a disease duration ≤ 10 years. Every participant is followed for 12 months. Clinical and biochemical assessments take place at baseline (T0), after 2 months (T1), and after 12 months (T2); MRI assessments take place at T0 and T2. Our primary outcome is the total score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at T1, while correcting for the HADS score at T0, age, and gender. Beyond testing the effects of MBCT on symptoms of anxiety and depression in PD, we explore whether MBCT: (1) has an effect on motor symptom severity, (2) influences cerebral and biochemical markers of stress, and (3) leads to a change in biomarkers of PD progression. Discussion MIND-PD is one of the first RCTs with a 1-year follow-up to investigate the effects of MBCT on symptoms of anxiety and depression in PD, and to explore possible mechanisms underlying stress and stress reduction in PD. Insight into these mechanisms can pave the way to new treatment methods in the future. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05779137. Registered on 12 January 2023.

Abstract Introduction Emerging evidence supports mindfulness as a potential psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with subthreshold PTSD experience significant impairment in their daily life and functioning due to PTSD symptoms, despite not meeting the full diagnostic criteria for PTSD in DSM-5. Mindfulness skills, including non-judgmental acceptance, attentional control and openness to experiences may help alleviate PTSD symptoms by targeting characteristics such as intensified memory processing, dysregulated hyperarousal, avoidance, and thought suppression. This trial aims to test the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) when compared to an active control. Method and analysis This 1:1 randomised controlled trial will enroll 160 participants with PTSD symptoms in 2 arms (MBCT vs. Seeking Safety), with both interventions consisting of 8 weekly sessions lasting 2 h each week and led by certified instructors. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 3 months post-intervention (T2), with the primary outcome being PTSD symptoms measured by the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) at T1. Secondary outcomes include depression, anxiety, attention, experimental avoidance, rumination, mindfulness, and coping skills. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed. Mediation analysis will investigate whether attention, experimental avoidance, and rumination mediate the effect of mindfulness on PTSD symptoms. Discussion The proposed study will assess the effectiveness of MBCT in improving PTSD symptoms. The findings are anticipated to have implications for various areas of healthcare and contribute to the enhancement of existing intervention guidelines for PTSD. Trial registration number ChiCTR2200061863.

The present study aimed to compare of effectiveness the exposure and response prevention therapy with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on guilt feeling. This was a semi-experimental study with two experimental groups and one control group. The design was conducted using the pre-test, post-test and two months follow-up method. Based on this, 45 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling and psychotherapy service centers in Tehran in 2023, were selected on purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). In order to collect information, Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale and guilt feelings questionnaire were used. At first, the participants were pre-tested, then, the experimental groups underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes of exposure and response prevention therapy and 8 sessions of 90 mins mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The post-test was conducted on all participants. Two months later, the follow–up test was completed by 3 groups. The analysis of variance with repeated measurements were applied to data. The results showed that both methods were suitable, but the exposure and response prevention therapy had a greater and more meaningful effect.

Background: Non-pharmacological interventions have a myriad of available intervention options and contain multiple components. Whether specific components of non-pharmacological interventions or combinations are superior to others remains unclear. The main aim of this study is to compare the effects of different combinations of non-pharmacological interventions and their specific components on health-related outcomes in adults with subjective cognitive decline. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and China's two largest databases, CNKI and Wanfang, were searched from inception to 22nd, January 2023. Randomized controlled trials using non-pharmacological interventions and reporting health outcomes in adults with subjective cognitive decline were included. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Component network meta-analysis was conducted employing an additive component model for network meta-analysis. This study followed the PRISMA reporting guideline and the PRISMA checklist is presented in Additional file 2. Results: A total of 39 trials with 2959 patients were included (range of mean ages, 58.79–77.41 years). Resistance exercise might be the optimal intervention for reducing memory complaints in adults with subjective cognitive decline; the surface under the cumulative ranking p score was 0.888, followed by balance exercise (p = 0.859), aerobic exercise (p = 0.832), and cognitive interventions (p = 0.618). Music therapy, cognitive training, transcranial direct current stimulation, mindfulness therapy, and balance exercises might be the most effective intervention components for improving global cognitive function (iSMD, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.29), language (iSMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.38), ability to perform activities of daily living (iSMD, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.89), physical health (iSMD, 3.29; 95% CI, 2.57 to 4.00), and anxiety relief (iSMD, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.16), respectively. Conclusions: The form of physical activity performed appears to be more beneficial than cognitive interventions in reducing subjective memory complaints for adults with subjective cognitive decline, and this difference was reflected in resistance, aerobic, and balance exercises. Randomized clinical trials with high-quality and large-scale are warranted to validate the findings. Trial registration: PROSPERO registry number. CRD42022355363. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) are very sensitive to the effects of stress. The prevalence of stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms is high, and acute stress worsens motor symptoms. Animal studies suggest that chronic stress may accelerate disease progression, but evidence for this in humans is lacking. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) train participants to focus on the present moment, on purpose and without judgement. Previous studies suggest that MBIs may alleviate stress and reduce depression and anxiety in PD. We aim to demonstrate the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as a non-pharmacologic treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric (and motor) symptoms in PD, and to identify the mechanisms underlying stress and stress reduction in PD. Methods: In a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), we investigate whether 8 weeks of MBCT, as compared to care as usual, can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with PD. We aim to include 124 PD patients, who experience mild-moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression, are eligible for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and naïve to mindfulness, and who have a disease duration ≤ 10 years. Every participant is followed for 12 months. Clinical and biochemical assessments take place at baseline (T0), after 2 months (T1), and after 12 months (T2); MRI assessments take place at T0 and T2. Our primary outcome is the total score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at T1, while correcting for the HADS score at T0, age, and gender. Beyond testing the effects of MBCT on symptoms of anxiety and depression in PD, we explore whether MBCT: (1) has an effect on motor symptom severity, (2) influences cerebral and biochemical markers of stress, and (3) leads to a change in biomarkers of PD progression. Discussion: MIND-PD is one of the first RCTs with a 1-year follow-up to investigate the effects of MBCT on symptoms of anxiety and depression in PD, and to explore possible mechanisms underlying stress and stress reduction in PD. Insight into these mechanisms can pave the way to new treatment methods in the future. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05779137. Registered on 12 January 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsEarly career professionals (ECPs) are a critical target for physical activity (PA) promotion. Affect contributes to an established PA intention-behaviour gap and is pertinent among ECPs.The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based intervention and explore the effects on secondary outcomes (moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), emotion regulation, multi-process action control constructs).Adults aged 25-44 who were employed at least part-time in a desk-based job and not meeting PA guidelines (<150 min MVPA) were recruited and randomized into a 6-week online intervention integrating acceptance and commitment principles and affect regulation strategies, or a control group.Forty adults were recruited and randomized to the web-based intervention (n = 21) and waitlist control (n = 19). The recruitment rate was 29%, retention was 75%, engagement was 68%, and satisfaction was high in both quantitative and qualitative assessment. Participants allocated to the intervention improved MVPA (ηp2=0.30), emotion regulation (ηp2 =0.49), behavioural regulation (ηp2=0.53), affective attitude (ηp2=0.23), identity (ηp2=0.24), and constructs of mindfulness (ηp2=0.44), and valued living (ηp2=0.20).Primary outcomes concerning feasibility were adequate and secondary outcomes improved, suggesting a full-scale randomized controlled trial is feasible with minor modifications. A large-scale study is warranted to establish intervention effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\n\nIMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEThis study examined the effect of a twelve-session Mindfulness, Acceptance and Self-Compassion in Sport (MASCS) program on self-compassion and somatic anxiety, worry and concentration disruption sub-dimensions of sport anxiety in elite tennis players. A randomized control group pretest and post-test experimental design was used in this study. The study involved sixteen elite tennis players attending a tennis club. Their ages ranged between 12 and 18 years, with a mean age of 14.25. The Sport Anxiety Scale-2 and the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form were used as data collection instruments before and after the program. Elite tennis players in the experimental group participated in the MASCS program once a week for twelve weeks. The results showed that after the MASCS program, there was an increase in self-compassion and a decrease in somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption sub-dimensions of sport anxiety in the experimental group. There were also significant differences between self-compassion and the somatic anxiety and concentration disruption sub-dimensions of sport anxiety post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. These findings suggest that elite athletes can improve their ability to cope with anxiety in sports by practicing mindfulness and self-compassion exercises. Lay summary: A twelve-session Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Self-Compassion in Sport program decreased somatic anxiety and concentration disruption in elite tennis players. The Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Self-Compassion in Sports program increased self-compassion in elite tennis players.The MASCS program has great potential in decreasing somatic anxiety and concentration disruption dimensions of sport anxiety and increasing self-compassion in elite athletes.More exercises focusing on cognitive processes can be included in the program to increase the program’s effectiveness on the worry sub-dimension of sport anxiety.The MASCS program has great potential in decreasing somatic anxiety and concentration disruption dimensions of sport anxiety and increasing self-compassion in elite athletes.More exercises focusing on cognitive processes can be included in the program to increase the program’s effectiveness on the worry sub-dimension of sport anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) show promise for promoting positive youth development, little is known about student engagement in MBIs. Initial research presents mixed findings in MBI engagement related to participant characteristics, and there is a lack of research examining the influence of context on engagement, despite the critical role context plays in academic engagement. This study examines the contribution of student demographic characteristics and classroom context to MBI engagement. Methods: Survey engagement data were collected at three time points from 106 ninth grade students (Mage = 14.17 years, 60.4% female, 44.2% Black, 24.8% Hispanic/Latino) who participated in the Be CALM program during the 2021–2022 school year. Latent growth curve modeling was used to examine trajectory of student engagement and assess student and classroom predictors of engagement. Results: There was no overall change in the trajectory of student engagement, although variability was observed across classes. Identifying as Hispanic/Latino was associated with lower engagement (β = −.25, p =.008), although this did not appear to be related to program experience. Peer connections predicted engagement at the end of the program (β =.39, p <.001). Post hoc analyses suggested that student engagement may be related to teacher program delivery quality. Conclusions: Student engagement in MBIs appears related to classroom context more than student characteristics, although further research with larger samples is needed to assess the link between engagement and program outcomes. Findings have implications for designing school‐based MBIs and training school staff to deliver them in culturally responsive ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: App-based contemplative interventions, such as mindfulness-based interventions, have gained popularity for the promotion of mental health; however, the understanding of underlying intervention-specific mechanisms remains limited, especially related to novel inter-relational dyadic practices. Methods: We tested (n = 253) seven putative mechanisms underlying two brief (daily 12-min) online mental interventions: attention-focused mindfulness and socio-emotional partner-based, both supported by weekly online coaching. Weekly self-reports of rumination, worry, psychological flexibility, affective control, social support, acceptance, and mindfulness were obtained over 10 weeks of intervention, and depression, anxiety, and resilience were assessed as pre- and post-intervention outcomes. Results: Significant week-to-week reductions in rumination and increases in psychological flexibility were observed in both interventions. Only attention-based practice led to temporal reductions in worry, and only socio-emotional dyadic practice led to temporal increases in affective control. Mediation analyses with slopes of weekly variables as mediators detected no significant indirect effects. However, exploratory moderation analyses revealed that intervention-related reductions in depressive symptomatology and anxiety vulnerability and increases in resilience were predicted by weekly increases in acceptance and affective control in the socio-emotional dyadic group, and by weekly reductions in rumination and worry in the mindfulness group. Limitations of the study include reliance on brief self-report measures, relatively small sample size, and absence of long-term follow-up assessments indicating the need for future well-powered longitudinal studies comparing intervention modalities. Conclusions: We present preliminary evidence for practice-specific active ingredients of contemplative interventions, which can be leveraged to enhance their efficiency for mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high prevalence of psychological problems observed among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic called for interventions to safeguard their mental health. We assessed the effectiveness of a 6‐week online mindfulness‐based intervention in improving well‐being and reducing stress among HCWs in Sri Lanka. Eighty HCWs were recruited and randomised into two groups: waitlist‐control (WLC) and intervention groups. In the intervention, 1‐hour online sessions were conducted at weekly intervals and participants were encouraged to do daily home practice. Stress and well‐being were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention using the Perceived Stress Scale and WHO‐5 Well‐being Index, respectively. One‐way analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the effectiveness, in both intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and complete‐case (CC) analyses. A significantly greater improvement in well‐being occurred in the intervention arm compared to WLC on both ITT (p =.002) and CC analyses (p <.001), with medium‐to‐large effect sizes (partial η2 =.117–.278). However, the reduction in stress following the intervention was not significant compared to the WLC group on both ITT (p =.636) and CC analyses (p =.262). In the intervention arm, the median number of sessions attended by participants was 3. Low adherence to the intervention may have contributed to the apparent non‐significant effect on stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of online contemplative practices, especially partner-based practices, on psychological well-being remain mixed, with sparse understanding of potential affective-cognitive mechanisms. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of two online contemplative interventions in improving depression, anxiety, emotion regulation (ER), and resilience, and to evaluate the mechanistic role of negative attention and interpretation biases. Employing a randomized controlled design (n = 285), we compared the efficacy of 10-week online mindfulness-based and partner-based socio-emotional dyadic interventions, both supported by weekly coaching sessions. Mental health aspects were assessed using validated self-report measures and negative biases using the mouse-contingent Scrambled Sentences Task. Both interventions, compared to waitlist control, led to reductions in depression and ER difficulties, while trait anxiety decreased only after mindfulness training. Increases in multidimensional resilience were observed only after socio-emotional training and in stress recovery only after mindfulness-based training, both compared to waitlist control. Socio-emotional training led to significant reductions in negative interpretation bias and this mediated reductions in depression and trait anxiety. Neither training led to reductions in state anxiety or negative attention bias. The subclinical nature and overrepresentation of females in the sample limits generalizability. Findings indicate that online mindfulness-based and socio-emotional partner-based interventions, supported by online coaching sessions, can reduce depression and ER difficulties. Though mindfulness practice reduced trait anxiety and enhanced stress recovery, socio-emotional training increased multidimensional resilience. Socio-emotional training reduced negative interpretation bias, which emerged as an intervention-specific mechanism. These findings highlight the potential benefits of online contemplative intervention approaches for psychological well-being. • Online mindfulness and dyadic interventions reduced depression & ER difficulties. • Mindfulness training decreased trait anxiety and improved stress recovery. • Dyad practice enhanced multidimensional resilience. • Negative interpretation bias reduced after dyad practice and served as dyad mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, scientific interest in understanding the relationship between mindfulness and cognition has accelerated. However, despite considerable investigative efforts, pervasive methodological inconsistencies within the literature preclude a thorough understanding of whether or how mindfulness influences core cognitive functions. The purpose of the current study is to provide an initial "proof-of-concept" demonstration of a new research strategy and methodological approach designed to address previous limitations. Specifically, we implemented a novel fully within-subject state induction protocol to elucidate the neurobehavioral influence of discrete mindfulness states—focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM), compared against an active control—on well-established behavioral and ERP indices of executive attention and error monitoring assessed during the Eriksen flanker task. Bayesian mixed modeling was used to test preregistered hypotheses pertaining to FA and OM effects on flanker interference, the stimulus-locked P3, and the response-locked ERN and Pe. Results yielded strong but unexpected evidence that OM selectively produced a more cautious and intentional response style, characterized by higher accuracy, slower RTs, and reduced P3 amplitude. Follow-up exploratory analyses revealed that trait mindfulness moderated the influence of OM, such that individuals with greater trait mindfulness responded more cautiously and exhibited higher trial accuracy and smaller P3s. Neither FA nor OM modulated the ERN or Pe. Taken together, our findings support the promise of our approach, demonstrating that theoretically distinct mindfulness states are functionally dissociable among mindfulness-naive participants and that interactive variability associated with different operational facets of mindfulness (i.e., state vs. trait) can be modeled directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Psychedelic research re-emerged from a period of suppression into the so-called psychedelic renaissance. In parallel, most media reporting has shifted from the overstatement of the risks of psychedelics to overly positive hype. As the empirical evidence is more equivocal than frequently portrayed, the conclusions about the effectiveness of psychedelics should be considered preliminary. Poor science communication about psychedelics' therapeutic potential may lead potential participants or patients to feel misled and policy decisions to be misinformed. An evidence-informed characterization of their risks and benefits is needed. Objectives: This article assesses the state of psychedelic research for treating depression and the effect sizes of psychedelics on therapeutic outcomes, the risk of bias, and the prevalence of adverse effects. We review research on the risks and benefits of psychedelics and discuss how the following depression treatments have shown decreasing effect sizes over time: (1) cognitive behavioral therapy, (2) mindfulness interventions, (3) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and (4) ketamine. We speculate that a similar trend may occur for psychedelic treatments. Results and conclusions: It is likely that larger and better-controlled psychedelic trials will demonstrate smaller effect sizes that are more comparable to other conventional and emerging treatments for mood disorders. Clear science communication is critical for setting public expectations and psychedelic policy. With this evidence-based assessment, we aim to cut through the misinformation about the benefits, risks, and future prospects of psychedelic treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives One of the most common problems in old age is chronic pain. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in reducing the pain intensity of older women. Methods & Materials This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pretest/posttest/one-month follow-up design. The study population consists of all women aged ≥60 in Isfahan, Iran, in 2023. From this population, 30 women were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on the entry criteria. They were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The research tool was the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The intervention group received the MBCT in eight two-hour sessions, while the control group was put on the waiting list. The data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25. Results The mean age of women was 64.07±3.37 years in the intervention group and 64.20±3.57 in the control group. The mean total score of pain intensity in the intervention and control groups was 22.67 and 35.13 respectively in the post-test phase and 23.60 and 35.07 in the follow-up phase, respectively. The results showed a significant difference between the mean of the three assessment phases in all subscales and the total score (P<0.01). The results of the Bonferroni test indicated the effectiveness of the intervention in the post-test and follow-up phases for all subscales compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion The MBCT can reduce the pain intensity of older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) persists as a significant public health challenge worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 10-15% across the global populace. This condition is characterized by a notably high risk of lapses and relapses, even subsequent to treatment interventions. Mobile health interventions, owing to their widespread accessibility, emerge as a promising approach to diminish the risk of relapse post-treatment and to broaden the scope of care, especially in regions with a scarcity of trainedmedical professionals. Method: This study is designed to assess the effectiveness of mobile interventions in mitigating cravings and preventing lapses among individuals diagnosed with SUD. Employing a two-armed, randomized controlled trial framework, the study will evaluate a self-administered psychological intervention delivered through a mobile application, Nałogometr 2.0. Over a period of three months, participants will engage with intervention modules that primarily incorporate mindfulness techniques and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) will be utilized to gather longitudinal data on a range of variables that are indicative of craving intensity and the risk of lapse. In addition to this, a monthly-administered battery of questionnaires will be employed to gauge the severity of substance dependence, as well as to measure levels of anxiety, depression, and overall life satisfaction. Results: Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Distinct brain connectivity patterns are associated with different clinical domains. • Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy may modulate brain networks in OCD patients. • Rumination may have a critical role in the neurobiology of mindfulness therapy. • Brain networks are potential predictive biomarkers for personalised OCD treatments. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) stands out as a promising augmentation psychological therapy for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To identify potential predictive and response biomarkers, this study examines the relationship between clinical domains and resting-state network connectivity in OCD patients undergoing a 3-month MBCT programme. Twelve OCD patients underwent two resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions at baseline and after the MBCT programme. We assessed four clinical domains: positive affect, negative affect, anxiety sensitivity, and rumination. Independent component analysis characterised resting-state networks (RSNs), and multiple regression analyses evaluated brain-clinical associations. At baseline, distinct network connectivity patterns were found for each clinical domain: parietal-subcortical, lateral prefrontal, medial prefrontal, and frontal-occipital. Predictive and response biomarkers revealed significant brain-clinical associations within two main RSNs: the ventral default mode network (vDMN) and the frontostriatal network (FSN). Key brain nodes —the precuneus and the frontopolar cortex— were identified within these networks. MBCT may modulate vDMN and FSN connectivity in OCD patients, possibly reducing symptoms across clinical domains. Each clinical domain had a unique baseline brain connectivity pattern, suggesting potential symptom-based biomarkers. Using these RSNs as predictors could enable personalised treatments and the identification of patients who would benefit most from MBCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dose app-based contemplative interventions for mental health are increasingly popular, but heterogeneity in intervention responses indicates that a personalized approach is needed. We examined whether different longitudinal resilience–vulnerability trajectories, derived over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, predicted differences in diverse mental health outcomes after mindfulness and socio-emotional dyadic online interventions. The CovSocial project comprised a longitudinal assessment (phase 1) and an open-label efficacy trial (phase 2). A community sample of 253 participants received 12 min daily app-based socio-emotional dyadic or mindfulness-based interventions, with weekly online coaching for 10 weeks. Before and after the intervention, participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing mental health. Stress reactivity profiles were derived from seven repeated assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020 to March/April 2021) and were categorized into resilient (more plasticity) or vulnerable (less plasticity) stress recovery profiles. After both interventions, only individuals with resilient stress reactivity profiles showed significant improvements in depression symptomatology, trait anxiety, emotion regulation, and stress recovery. Those with vulnerable profiles did not show significant improvements in any outcome. Limitations of this study include the relatively small sample size and potential biases associated with participant dropout. Brief app-based mental interventions may be more beneficial for those with greater levels of stress resiliency and plasticity in response to stressors. More vulnerable individuals might require more intense and personalized intervention formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on depression in pregnant women. Ten electronic databases were searched from inception to September 2022. We reviewed studies on outcomes for pregnant women with depression receiving mindfulness-based interventions. We only reviewed studies written in English. A random-effects model was used to compute the effect size. Funnel plot, Q statistics, and I 2 were used to test the heterogeneity across studies. We examined moderators to explore sources of heterogeneity. Across 19 included studies (N = 1480), 717 pregnant women participated in mindfulness interventions; 763 served as controls. Mean age ranged from 25.3 to 33.6 years. Overall, mindfulness-based interventions showed reduced depression compared to control groups (g = 0.457, 95%CI 0.254, 0.659, I 2 = 68 %). With subgroup analysis, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a greater effect on reducing depressive symptoms (g = 1.13) than mindfulness-based stress reduction (g = 0.64) and adapted mindfulness-based interventions (g = 0.31). No quality indicators moderated the ES of mindfulness-based interventions on depression. Mindfulness-based interventions significantly improved depression among pregnant women, especially mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Clinicians and health providers should consider using MBIs as alternative complementary treatment for improving and preventing depression in pregnant women. What is already known about the topic? • Depression is a common psychological problem that affects pregnant women worldwide. • Although antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and psychotherapy may be effective for the treatment of depression in pregnant women, some researchers found that these treatments had a negative impact on fetuses and infants. What this paper adds. • Mindfulness-based intervention (MBIs) had significantly moderate effects to reduce depression in pregnant women compared to controls. • Providing MBCT had a greater effect on reducing depressive symptoms than providing MBSR and adapted MBI. • MBIs might be used as alternative to conventional treatment for pregnant women with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumination and worry are common risk factors of depression and anxiety. Internet‐based transdiagnostic interventions targeting individuals with these specific risks may be an effective way to prevent depression and anxiety. This three‐arm randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of Internet‐based rumination‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (RFCBT), mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI), and psychoeducation (EDU) control among 256 at‐risk individuals. Participants' levels of rumination, worry, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were assessed at post‐intervention (6 weeks), 3‐month, and 9‐month follow‐ups. Linear mixed model analysis results showed similar levels of improvement in all outcomes across the three conditions. Changes in rumination differed comparing RFCBT and MBI, where a significant reduction in rumination was noted at a 3‐month follow‐up among participants in RFCBT, and no significant long‐term effect among participants in MBI was noted at a 9‐month follow‐up. All three conditions showed similar reductions in risks and symptoms, implying that the two active interventions were not superior to EDU control. The high attrition at follow‐ups suggested a need to exercise caution when interpreting the findings. Future studies should tease apart placebo effect and identify ways to improve adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness during sex has shown many positive relational and sexual outcomes. However, little is known about the ways in which sexual mindfulness works to improve an individual's experience. This study investigated the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between sexual mindfulness and relational quality in a sample of Iranian women. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, we examined data from 265 women aged 19 to 50 years (M = 31.76, SD = 8.47). Results showed a significant positive relationship between relational quality and sexual mindfulness (p <.001, β =.13), sexual mindfulness and reappraisal strategy (p <.001, β =.65), and relational quality and reappraisal strategy (p <.001, β =.78). The reduction of the path coefficient in the full mediation model compared to the direct model indicating a partial mediation role of the reappraisal strategy was confirmed in relation to sexual mindfulness and relational quality. These findings may help identify one path, emotion regulation, through which sexual mindfulness works. This study provides psychologists and counselors evidence that both sexual mindfulness and emotion regulation are positive skills that likely improve the quality of their clients' relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical students with high trait anxiety are susceptible to learning- and society-related stress. The present study explored the impact of MBCT training on anxiety-related personality traits in medical students. A total of 425 Chinese medical undergraduate students were surveyed using a trait anxiety subscale, the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS), psychological resilience scale and a custom demographic questionnaire. The MAAS and psychological resilience were important factors predicting the trait anxiety level, contributing 69% of the variance. Thirty individuals with high trait anxiety were recruited to take part in MBCT training, which comprised eight topics (including awareness and automatic pilot, living in our own mind, etc.). The training was carried out as an extra-curricular activity students attended for eight consecutive weeks, with a particular focus on the susceptibility of an anxiety-related personality and the cognitive model about selective attention to dangerous stimuli and rumination. Post-MBCT training, 86.67% of the students had a reduced trait anxiety score, with a reduction to the cut-off value or below in 46.67% of the students. Interestingly, the post-training MAAS score was significantly different between medical students with and without significantly improved trait anxiety, but this trend was not observed for psychological resilience. The scores for trait anxiety and the MAAS in the healthy control group remained largely the same, except for an increase in psychological resilience. On the whole, after eight weeks, the scores of the MAAS and CD-RISC for all of the participants increased in the order healthy control group > responder group > non-responder group. Our findings not only validate the efficacy of MBCT training on anxiety, but also verify the contribution of the MAAS to improving trait anxiety and suggest that integrating some resilience-related content in the MBCT course may better improve the effectiveness of the psychological training. To ameliorate anxiety in vulnerable individuals, systematic training courses focusing on mindfulness and resilience need to be developed and further integrated as an important part of the personal and professional development for Chinese medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn is associated with psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. Social support and mindfulness are considered a strength source for postburn survivors to resume their daily living activities. There is a lack of literature that supported the direct impact of mindfulness on social support and psychological distress among burn survivors. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of mindfulness and social support in enhancing the psychological well-being of burn survivors in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive design and convenience sampling technique were utilized to meet the study goal. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by a sample of 212 burn survivors. The questionnaire consists of 3 tools to measure psychological distress, social support, and mindfulness. A significant correlation was found between social support and psychological distress among the Jordanian burn survivors. Mindfulness revealed a distinctive variance in psychological distress among the study participants. In addition, some sociodemographic and clinical data have a relationship with psychological distress. Several factors among burn survivors have influenced their psychological and social support status. Also, mindfulness is important for enhancing psychological well-being and affecting the social support among burn patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: There has been an increasing interest in the use of non-pharmacological approaches for the multidimensional treatment of chronic pain. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies and Guided Imagery (GI) interventions in managing chronic non-cancer pain and related outcomes. Materials and Methods: Searching three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) and following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed on Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and pilot RCTs investigating mindfulness or GI interventions in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was utilized to assess the quality of the evidence, with outcomes encompassing pain intensity, opioid consumption, and non-sensorial dimensions of pain. Results: Twenty-six trials met the inclusion criteria, with most of them exhibiting a moderate to high risk of bias. A wide diversity of chronic pain types were under analysis. Amongst the mindfulness interventions, and besides the classical programs, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) emerges as an approach that improves interoception. Six trials demonstrated that mindfulness techniques resulted in a significant reduction in pain intensity, and three trials also reported significant outcomes with GI. Evidence supports a significant improvement in non-sensory dimensions of pain in ten trials using mindfulness and in two trials involving GI. Significant effects on opioid consumption were reported in four mindfulness-based trials, whereas one study involving GI found a small effect with that variable. Conclusions: This study supports the evidence of benefits of both mindfulness techniques and GI interventions in the management of chronic non-cancer pain. Regarding the various mindfulness interventions, a specific emphasis on the positive results of MORE should be highlighted. Future studies should focus on specific pain types, explore different durations of the mindfulness and GI interventions, and evaluate emotion-related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Despite accumulating evidence regarding the impact of sleep disturbance on internalizing symptoms among adolescents, the underlying psychological mechanisms remain inadequately explored. This study aimed to investigate a conceptual framework elucidating how sleep disturbance influences internalizing symptoms in adolescents through the mediating role of self-control, with mindfulness as a moderator. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1876 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.88 years, SD = 1.47 years, range = 12–19 years, 44.7% boys) completed the Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scale (YSIS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Brief Self-control Scale (BSCS), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Children (MAAS-C) to provide data on sleep-related variables, internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depression), self-control, and mindfulness, respectively. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was applied to perform moderated mediation analysis. Results: Sleep disturbance demonstrated a significant positive correlation with internalizing symptoms in adolescents, including anxiety (β = 0.481, p < 0.001) and depression (β = 0.543, p < 0.001). Self-control served as a mediator between sleep disturbance and two forms of internalizing symptoms. Moreover, mindfulness moderated the pathways from self-control to internalizing symptoms (for anxiety symptoms: β = 0.007, p < 0.001; for depression symptoms: β = 0.006, p < 0.001), and the mediating relationships were weaker for adolescents exhibiting higher levels of mindfulness. Conclusions: Our findings enhance understanding of the impact, pathways, and influencing factors of sleep disturbance on adolescent internalizing symptoms, suggesting the importance of enhancing mindfulness levels in addressing self-control deficits and subsequently reducing internalizing symptoms among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Problematic smartphone use has been linked to lower levels of mindfulness, impaired attentional function, and higher impulsivity. This study aimed to identify the psychological mechanisms of problematic smartphone use by exploring the relationship between addictive smartphone use, mindfulness, attentional function and impulsivity. Methods: Ninety participants were evaluated with the smartphone addiction proneness scale and classified into the problematic smartphone use group (n = 42; 24 women; mean age: 27.6 ± 7.2 years) or normal use group (n = 48; 22 women; mean age: 30.1 ± 5.7 years). All participants completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their trait impulsivity and mindfulness and attention tests that assessed selective, sustained and divided attention. We compared the variables between the groups and explored the relationship between mindfulness, attentional function, impulsivity and addictive smartphone use through mediation analysis. Results: The problematic smartphone use group showed higher trait impulsivity and lower mindfulness than the normal use group. There were no significant group differences in performance on attention tests. Levels of addictive smartphone use were significantly correlated with higher levels of trait impulsivity and lower levels of mindfulness, but not with performance on attention tests. Mediation analysis showed that acting with awareness, an aspect of mindfulness, reduces the degree of addictive smartphone use through attentional impulsivity, one of the trait impulsivity. Conclusion: Acting without sufficient awareness could influence addictive smartphone use by mediating attentional impulsivity. This supports that executive control deficits, reflected in high attentional impulsivity, contribute to problematic smartphone use. Our findings imply that mindfulness-based interventions can enhance executive control over smartphone use by promoting awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of online technology and the increase in real-world needs, conducting psychotherapy on online platforms has become a popular trend. The present study followed the schedule and content of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), and only changed the treatment format (from offline to online) to investigate the effectiveness of online group MBCT for Chinese outpatients with depression. The study used before-and-after controlled design, and included 88 depressed outpatients, of which 75 formally underwent a 10-week online group MBCT. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Self-Depression Rating Scale (SDS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ) were administered to patients one week prior to treatment, the fifth week of treatment, and the tenth week of treatment. Repeated-measures data were processed using linear mixed-effects models. 75 patients (85.23 %) attended >4 sessions, 44 of whom were taking psychotropic medication during treatment. HAMD-24 and HAMA scores decreased significantly in both medicated and unmedicated patients (w10 < w1, p < 0.05). HAMD-24 and HAMA scores declined more rapidly in patients taking medication, with significant decreases in the fifth week (w5 < w1, p < 0.05). The remarkable effectiveness of treatment (HAMD-24 score reduction >50 %) was >30 %, but there were no significant changes in patients' SDS, MAAS, or SAQ scores. This study supports the effectiveness of online group MBCT for outpatients with depression and the adherence of depressed patients to participate in online group MBCT was high. • The present study only changed the treatment format of MBCT (from offline to online) to investigate the effectiveness of online group MBCT for Chinese outpatients with depression. • 75 patients completed the research. HAMD and HAMA scores decreased significantly in both medicated and unmedicated patients, and scores of the medicated group declined more rapidly. The remarkable effectiveness of treatment (HAMD-24 score reduction >50%) was greater than 30%. • This study supports the effectiveness of online group MBCT for outpatients with depression and the adherence of depressed patients to participate in online group MBCT was high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]