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Donato García was the mineralogy professor at the Royal Cabinet of Natural History and Central University of Madrid from 1816 to 1853. In addition to teaching mineralogy, he gathered geological and mineralogical material for didactic purposes, and for exhibitions in the hall of the Cabinet. He was a key figure in developing the subject matter of mineralogy in Spain during the first half of the nineteenth century. Donato Garcia likewise promoted the careers of very important future teachers at the Military Academy of Engineers, Natural Sciences Museums, and Universities, integrating oral lectures, mineral testing, visual recognition, and the use of crystallographic models. This paper investigates how the crystallographic system proposed by Haüy (in the mid-thirties) was assimilated through unpublished documents of Donato García's mineralogical lessons from 1824 to 1825, obtained from Spain's Archivo General de Palacio (Madrid). Hence, this manuscript can be considered the first scientific work reliably attributable to Donato and based on the notes of his pupil José Musso y Valiente, which stands as an early attempt to create a handbook of mineralogy in Spanish. The novel approach to teaching mineralogy is furthermore compared with lessons published by disciple Antonio María Cisneros y Lanuza in 1843. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opalized oak specimens with striking beauty, attributed to Clover Creek, Lincoln County, Idaho, can be seen in numerous museums around the world. Even the casual observer notes the fossil wood grain, reminiscent of modern oak. The provenance of these 'golden oak' specimens was a small, unique deposit. Historical documents, photographs and oral histories provide insights into the 1895 fossil discovery, its subsequent excavation, promotion, and distribution. Land surveys in the years immediately following Idaho statehood in 1890 are linked to the fossil discovery. Local farmers, related by marriage, excavated and promoted the fossil wood. A spectacular longitudinal cut specimen was featured on the cover of A. E. Foote's 1897 mineral catalog. Archived correspondence establishes that specimens were promoted privately before being offered publicly. Current research indicates some specimens suffered fungus damage while the tree was alive. Previously unknown museum specimens are described and incorporated into a hypothetical reconstruction of the fossil tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mineralogical collections are specialized geological collections consisting of mineral samples. They can be of different type, and the number and diversity of samples depend primarily on the possibilities of the collector, i.e. availability of samples. Collecting of samples is a permanent process, which requires prior knowledge of the minerals to be collected, especially of their physical properties as the first features encountered on a sample. Mineral samples are collected in various ways, i.e. through field investigation, by purchase, exchange, or donations. If mineralogical collections are to be used in elementary or high school teaching, they can be smaller and consist of samples collected only in the schools' vicinity. Mineralogical collections for college education are usually more complex and are based on the crystal-chemical properties of the minerals. A brief introduction about forming a representative mineralogical collection, processing, maintaining, and utilizing it in teaching is given in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se analiza la organización de la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en el contexto escolar argentino a partir de las prácticas de enseñanza y los soportes materiales que se promovieron a fines del siglo XIX. En esa época, funcionarios escolares y profesores fomentaron la modernización y nacionalización de la enseñanza a partir del uso de colecciones con ejemplares del territorio nacional y la formación de museos en las escuelas. En particular, se examinan los debates oficiales sobre las colecciones mineralógicas ofrecidas en venta por el naturalista Enrique de Carlés y los "museos escolares" de los profesores Pedro Scalabrini y Guillermo Navarro que dan cuenta de las tensiones entre procurar materiales didácticos modernos, asociados a los modelos extranjeros, y la importancia de contar con elementos representativos de la naturaleza e industria nacional.In this study we analyze the organization of natural science teaching within the Argentinian school context starting with teaching practices and material support in the late XIX century. By that time, school staff and teachers fostered modernization and nationalization of teaching by using collections with national issues and the foundation of museums within the schools. In particular, we examine the official debates over the mineralogical collections offered for sale by the naturalist Enrique de Carlés, and the "school museums" by professors Pedro Scalabrini and Guillermo Navarro. These account for the tension between searching for modern didactic materials associated with foreign models, and the importance of counting on elements that represented the country nature and industry.

Copyright of História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos is the property of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)