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140 results on '"Minfang Yeh"'

1. A Simple Model of the Energy Threshold for Snowball Chambers

Author: Matthew Szydagis, Cecilia Levy, Aleksey E. Bolotnikov, Milind V. Diwan, George J. Homenides, Alvine C. Kamaha, Joshua Martin, Richard Rosero, and Minfang Yeh
Subjects: sub-GeV WIMPs, dark matter direct detection, supercooled water, neutron irradiation, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract: Cloud and bubble chambers have historically been used for particle detection, capitalizing on supersaturation and superheating, respectively. Here, we present new results from a prototype snowball chamber, in which an incoming particle triggers the crystallization of a purified, supercooled liquid. We demonstrate, for the first time, simulation agreement with our first results from 5 years ago: the higher temperature of the freezing of water and significantly shorter time spent supercooled compared to the control in the presence of a Cf-252 fission neutron source. This is accomplished by combining Geant4 modeling of neutron interactions with the Seitz nucleation model used in superheated bubble chambers, including those seeking dark matter. We explore the possible implications of using this new technology for GeV-scale WIMP searches, especially in terms of spin-dependent proton coupling, and report the first supercooling of WbLS (water-based liquid scintillator).
Published: 2024
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2. Selection and purification of Li2CO3 precursor for bolometric double beta decay experiments.

Author: KeonAh Shin, Chorok Byeon, JunSeok Choe, Olga Gileva, Yena Kim, Yeongduk Kim, Eunkyung Lee, Moo Hyun Lee, Hyojin Yeon, Minfang Yeh, and Uyar, Esra
Subjects: DOUBLE beta decay, ALKALINE earth metals, NEUTRINOLESS double beta decay, MOLYBDATES, MOLYBDENUM
Abstract: This article discusses the preparation of radiopure lithium carbonate powder for low-background research, specifically for the AMoRE-II experiment. The desired radiopurity for the lithium powder is specified, and commercially available powders were found to be unsuitable. A special purification technology was developed to remove contamination from the powder. The article provides details on the analysis results, decontamination efficiency, and purification methods used. The authors are continuing to explore new purification methods to achieve the desired purity for crystal synthesis. The paper was reviewed by researchers from Brookhaven National Laboratory in the United States and Gazi University in Turkey, and edited by a researcher from University College London in the United Kingdom. [Extracted from the article]
Published: 2024
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3. Time response of water-based liquid scintillator from X-ray excitation

Author: Federico Moretti, Edith Bourret, Drew R. Onken, Gabriel D. Orebi Gann, Minfang Yeh, and J. Caravaca
Subjects: Scintillation, Range (particle radiation), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, X-ray, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Water based, Time response, Chemistry (miscellaneous), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Cherenkov radiation, Excitation
Abstract: Water-based liquid scintillators (WbLS) present an attractive target medium for large-scale detectors with the ability to enhance the separation of Cherenkov and scintillation signals from a single target. This work characterizes the scintillation properties of WbLS samples based on LAB/PPO liquid scintillator (LS). X-ray luminescence spectra, decay profiles, and relative light yields are measured for WbLS of varying LS concentration as well as for pure LS with a range of PPO concentrations up to 90 g/L. The scintillation properties of the WbLS are related to the precursor LAB/PPO: starting from 90 g/L PPO in LAB before synthesis, the resulting WbLS have spectroscopic properties that instead match 10 g/L PPO in LAB. This could indicate that the concentration of active PPO in the WbLS samples depends on their processing., 6 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to Materials Advances, a journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Published: 2020
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4. The JSNS2 detector

Author: Shoichi Hasegawa, R. Ujiie, C. Rott, H. Jeon, M. Taira, J. R. Jordan, A. Zohaib, E. Marzec, M. Y. Pac, K. Nishikawa, Chang Dong Shin, W. Kim, M. Niiyama, Masaharu Nomachi, S. Ajimura, Hidetaka Kinoshita, Dong Ho Moon, S. Lee, Tomoyuki Konno, I. S. Yeo, J. W. Choi, Yoshimi Kasugai, Yuji Yamaguchi, S. Masuda, Y. Hino, Kenji Sakai, M. Jang, Shinichi Sakamoto, Sin Kyu Kang, D. H. Lee, Takeo Kawasaki, Tatsushi Shima, Katsuhiro Haga, T. Maruyama, I. T. Lim, Shin-ichiro Meigo, M. Botran, D. E. Jung, Minfang Yeh, J. Spitz, J. S. Park, T. Dodo, T. Nakano, Junghwan Goh, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, Kentaro Suzuya, Intae Yu, I. Stancu, H. Furuta, Jeong-Sik Choi, S. J. M. Peeters, F. Suekane, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Yorihito Sugaya, Masahide Harada, Eunja Kim, H. I. Jang, S. Monjushiro, C. Yoo, J. Y. Kim, H. Ray, S. Jeon, Myung-Ki Cheoun, J. S. Jang, Sang-Bum Kim, and K. K. Joo
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sterile neutrino, Muon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Neutrino detector, Inverse beta decay, Neutron, Spallation, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Spallation Neutron Source
Abstract: The JSNS^2 (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment aims to search for oscillations involving a sterile neutrino in the eV^2 mass-splitting range. The experiment will search for the appearance of electron antineutrinos oscillated from muon antineutrinos. The electron antineutrinos are detected via the inverse beta decay process using a liquid scintillator detector. A 1MW beam of 3 GeV protons incident on a spallation neutron target produces an intense and pulsed neutrino source from pion, muon, and kaon decay at rest. The JSNS^2 detector is located 24 m away from the neutrino source and began operation from June 2020. The detector contains 17 tonnes of gadolinium (Gd) loaded liquid scintillator (LS) in an acrylic vessel, as a neutrino target. It is surrounded by 31 tonnes of unloaded LS in a stainless steel tank. Optical photons produced in LS are viewed by 120 R7081 Hamamatsu 10-inch Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs). In this paper, we describe the JSNS^2 detector design, construction, and operation., 41 pages, 29 figures
Published: 2021

5. A high precision calibration of the nonlinear energy response at Daya Bay

Author: X. L. Ji, E. Naumova, D. A. Dwyer, T. J. Langford, L. Mora Lepin, H. M. Steiner, Y. Q. Ma, Xiao-yan Li, J. J. Cherwinka, N. Raper, Rupert Leitner, A. Higuera, Zhi-zhong Xing, Qinglong Wu, Kam Biu Luk, Christopher G. White, M. Qi, Tian Xue, J. L. Sun, S. H. Kettell, Artem Chukanov, X. B. Ma, Y. K. Heng, K. Whisnant, C. Li, Lawrence Pinsky, Jinjuan Ren, J. Park, Q. J. Li, Y. Z. Yang, X.F. Zhang, Tao Hu, N. Y. Wang, B. Viren, Maxim Gonchar, L. H. Wei, R. T. Lei, Qingmin Zhang, F. S. Deng, R. A. Johnson, Jiawen Zhang, J. H. C. Lee, Guanghua Gong, C. C. Zhang, Minfang Yeh, B. Z. Hu, Wei Wang, S. J. Patton, Lei Zhou, B. R. Littlejohn, Jia Xu, Yufeng Li, Y. M. Zhang, Jim Napolitano, Hongzhao Yu, K. L. Jen, Bing-Lin Young, Jianrun Hu, J. P. Cummings, Z. Guo, L. Guo, Y. Chang, Patrick Huber, Hanxiong Huang, L. Kang, Jun Cheng, Chao Zhang, X. T. Zhang, Baobiao Yue, H. L. Zhuang, Alexander Olshevskiy, J. K. C. Leung, Guey-Lin Lin, Honghan Gong, Shanfeng Li, Jonathan S. Lu, Yaoyu Zhang, Y. B. Huang, E. T. Worcester, F. Z. Qi, Vit Vorobel, Shengxin Lin, H. H. Zhang, Wei Li, S. Jetter, Yi Chen, Yunzhe Liu, Yuhang Guo, Siew Cheng Wong, N. Dash, K. T. McDonald, W. H. Tse, D. C. Jones, Meng Ye, Christopher L. Marshall, J. F. Chang, Jiaheng Zou, Y. K. Hor, J. J. Ling, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, Zhiyong Zhang, B. Roskovec, Zhijian Zhang, Zhibing Li, A. B. Balantekin, Richard Rosero, Z. M. Wang, H. R. Band, Changgen Yang, Jianglai Liu, X. C. Ruan, Mengsu Yang, K. Treskov, X. H. Guo, M. Dvořák, Feiyang Zhang, H. R. Pan, Michael Kramer, V. Pec, L. Lebanowski, Y. Y. Ding, C. Lu, Rui Zhang, S. Hans, R. G. Wang, Xingtao Huang, Simon Blyth, Yixue Chen, M. Z. Wang, Ming Chung Chu, R. W. Hackenburg, Chun S. J. Pun, Liang Zhan, M. Bishai, F. P. An, D. M. Xia, Z. Wang, Zhuojun Hu, K. M. Heeger, Changjian Lin, Shaomin Chen, Jun Cao, Xiaolu Ji, L. S. Littenberg, Z. K. Cheng, Z. P. Zhang, S. F. Li, Y. X. Zhang, W. J. Wu, Dmitry V. Naumov, D. Adey, L. W. Koerner, X. Wang, R. D. McKeown, D. Cao, D. E. Jaffe, C. E. Tull, Miao He, Haoqi Lu, Y. F. Wang, Haosheng Chen, J. M. Link, Yanlin Liu, Hongliang Li, Jing Wang, S. K. Lin, Hai Liang, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, Jingyuan Guo, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Jen-Chieh Peng, Xiaohui Qian, J. Lee, H. Y. Wei, J. Dove, Yuda Zeng, S. Zeng, H. L. H. Wong, Yuman Wang, W. Q. Gu, Zeyuan Yu, S. Kohn, Chunjie Wang, M. V. Diwan, X. Q. Li, Tadeas Dohnal, Lin Yang, Jinmei Liu, Jing Zhao, S. Li, X. Y. Ma, I. Mitchell, Y. B. Hsiung, and Feng Li
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Scintillation counter, Detector, Calibration, Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, Neutrino, Scintillator, Kinetic energy, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), Computational physics
Abstract: A high precision calibration of the nonlinearity in the energy response of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment’s antineutrino detectors is presented in detail. The energy nonlinearity originates from the particle-dependent light yield of the scintillator and charge-dependent electronics response. The nonlinearity model is constrained by γ calibration points from deployed and naturally occurring radioactive sources, the β spectrum from ^(12)B decays, and a direct measurement of the electronics nonlinearity with a new flash analog-to-digital converter readout system. Less than 0.5% uncertainty in the energy nonlinearity calibration is achieved for positrons of kinetic energies greater than 1 MeV.
Published: 2019
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6. A liquid scintillation detector for radioassay of gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator for the LZ Outer Detector

Author: K. T. Lesko, S. J. Haselschwardt, A. Cole, Minfang Yeh, D. White, S. Shaw, Michael S. Witherell, S. Kyre, and H. N. Nelson
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Liquid scintillator, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Gadolinium, Scintillator, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle and Plasma Physics, Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Liquid scintillation counting, Molecular, Low-background, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, chemistry, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract: We report on the design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) “Screener”, a small liquid scintillator detector consisting of ≈ 23 kg of LAB-based gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator (GdLS) to be used in the LZ Outer Detector. The Outer Detector will be filled with 17.3 tonnes of GdLS and will surround the central liquid xenon time projection chamber of LZ. Its primary function will be to tag neutron events in the liquid xenon which could mimic a WIMP dark matter signal. To meet the deadtime requirements for the Outer Detector, the radioimpurity levels in the GdLS must be kept below ≲ 0 . 07 mBq/kg. This background level corresponds to a rate of ≈ 50 Hz above an energy threshold of 100 keV. The Screener was operated in the ultra-low-background environment of the former LUX water shield in the Davis Laboratory at the Sanford Underground Research Facility for radioassay of the GdLS. Careful selection of detector materials and use of ultra-low-background PMTs allows the measurement of a variety of radioimpurities. The 14 C / 12 C ratio in the scintillator is measured to be ( 2 . 83 ± 0 . 06 (stat.) ± 0 . 01 (sys.) ) × 1 0 − 17 . Use of pulse shape discrimination allows the concentration of isotopes throughout the 238 U , 235 U , and 232 Th chains to be measured by fitting the collected spectra from α and β events. We find that equilibrium is broken in the 238 U and 232 Th chains and that a significant portion of the contamination in the GdLS results from decays in the 227 Ac subchain of the 235 U series. Predictions for the singles rate in the Outer Detector are presented. The rate from radioimpurities above 100 keV in the GdLS is estimated to be 97 . 9 ± 6 . 4 Hz , with 65 . 5 ± 1 . 9 Hz resulting from α -decays.
Published: 2019
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7. Limits on Sub-GeV Dark Matter from the PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Experiment

Author: J. Koblanski, J. L. Palomino, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, Minfang Yeh, A. J. Conant, A. B. Hansell, C. E. Gilbert, Christopher V. Cappiello, B. T. Foust, J. Wilhelmi, J. LaRosa, A. M. Meyer, R. Neilson, J. K. Gaison, J. Maricic, R. Milincic, G. Deichert, T. J. Langford, D. Venegas-Vargas, Jim Napolitano, C. D. Bryan, Xin Lu, P. E. Mueller, R. L. Varner, Nathaniel Bowden, R. Rosero, X. Zhang, Denis E. Bergeron, D. E. Jaffe, J. A. Nikkel, Xiaolu Ji, Hans P. Mumm, S. Hans, D. C. Jones, A. B. Balantekin, M. A. Tyra, A. Woolverton, O. Kyzylova, S. Nour, Anna Erickson, K. M. Heeger, C. E. Lane, Christopher G. White, T. Classen, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, P. Weatherly, M. V. Diwan, H. R. Band, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, P. T. Surukuchi, Dmitry A. Pushin, S. Jayakumar, B. Heffron, Xin Qian, and M. Andriamirado
Subjects: Physics, High energy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Sidereal time, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: If dark matter has mass lower than around 1 GeV, it will not impart enough energy to cause detectable nuclear recoils in many direct-detection experiments. However, if dark matter is upscattered to high energy by collisions with cosmic rays, it may be detectable in both direct-detection experiments and neutrino experiments. We report the results of a dedicated search for boosted dark matter upscattered by cosmic rays using the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino experiment. We show that such a flux of upscattered dark matter would display characteristic diurnal sidereal modulation, and use this to set new experimental constraints on sub-GeV dark matter exhibiting large interaction cross-sections., 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021

8. Antineutrino Energy Spectrum Unfolding Based on the Daya Bay Measurement and Its Applications

Author: Jinjuan Ren, Dmitry Dolzhikov, Haifeng Li, Yuman Wang, S. Zeng, W. Q. Gu, Z. M. Wang, X. L. Ji, Minfang Yeh, Y. X. Zhang, C. Morales Reveco, Michael Kramer, Yufeng Li, K. L. Jen, Tomas Tmej, J. P. Gallo, Chun S. J. Pun, Zhuojun Hu, Shaomin Chen, Jun Cao, Haifeng Yao, J. J. Cherwinka, S. F. Li, Bangzheng Ma, Dmitry V. Naumov, Yinhong Zhang, Yongzhu Chen, Yue Meng, Q. J. Li, H. R. Pan, Kam-Biu Luk, N. Raper, H. Liang, Yixue Chen, Hongzhao Yu, Olivia Dalager, Z. Guo, D. C. Jones, Hanxiong Huang, L. Kang, N. Y. Wang, B. Viren, X. T. Huang, Tianpeng Xu, A. B. Balantekin, C. G. Yang, Zhi-zhong Xing, Baobiao Yue, W. J. Wu, Y. Z. Yang, R. D. McKeown, C. E. Tull, S. Kohn, L. H. Wei, Rong Zhao, R. T. Lei, F. Li, Simon Blyth, R. C. Mandujano, Guanghua Gong, Li Zhou, S. Hans, M. Z. Wang, Ming Chung Chu, W. H. Tse, Diru Wu, M. Ye, Jingyuan Guo, Chi Lin, K. T. McDonald, F. L. Wu, Jen-Chieh Peng, Y. K. Hor, Jianrun Hu, Qinglong Wu, Junwei Huang, Jianglai Liu, J. Dove, Yuda Zeng, J. M. Link, J. P. Cummings, L. Guo, Alexander Olshevskiy, M. Qi, Tian Xue, M. Bishai, Chao Zhang, S. J. Patton, Y. K. Heng, H. S. Chen, Xiaohui Qian, J. Lee, H. Y. Wei, K. M. Heeger, Zhijian Zhang, Rupert Leitner, L. S. Littenberg, H. L. H. Wong, H. H. Zhang, H. L. Zhuang, K. Treskov, Richard Rosero, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, X. Wang, J. J. Ling, B. R. Littlejohn, M. Grassi, D. E. Jaffe, Miao He, E. Naumova, D. A. Dwyer, B. Z. Hu, Haoqi Lu, T. J. Langford, Ruhui Li, Yaoyu Zhang, Y. B. Huang, Vitalii Zavadskyi, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Chang, Vit Vorobel, S. Zhang, Jing Wang, T. Hu, Xiaolu Ji, Wei Li, H. M. Steiner, R. W. Hackenburg, Y. Q. Ma, Z. Wang, Honghan Gong, K. Whisnant, Zhiyong Zhang, J. Cheng, Yuhang Guo, B. Roskovec, Jiaheng Zou, D. M. Xia, F. S. Deng, Bing-Lin Young, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, X. C. Ruan, Z. K. Cheng, Z. P. Zhang, Jianmin Li, Y. Y. Ding, Fengpeng An, Zhangquan Xie, Qingmin Zhang, Jim Napolitano, W. Wang, Y. B. Hsiung, Z. Y. Yu, M. V. Diwan, X. Q. Li, H. K. Xu, Patrick Huber, Tadeas Dohnal, J. L. Sun, X. T. Zhang, J. Park, T. M. T. Nguyen, J. H. C. Lee, Z. B. Li, Shengxin Lin, E. T. Worcester, Lin Yang, F. Z. Qi, Jinmei Liu, Jing Zhao, X. Y. Ma, Christopher L. Marshall, J. F. Chang, X. H. Guo, Jiawen Zhang, M. Dvořák, C. H. Wang, R. G. Wang, Feiyang Zhang, Liang Zhan, Christopher G. White, C. Lu, J. L. Xu, Shanfeng Li, Guey-Lin Lin, Jian Liu, J. K. C. Leung, S. H. Kettell, X. B. Ma, Maxim Gonchar, Xinglong Li, and R. A. Johnson
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isotope, Fissile material, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Fission, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Physics::Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era. The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by the Daya Bay experiment, in combination with the fission rates of fissile isotopes in the reactor, is used to extract the positron energy spectra resulting from the fission of specific isotopes. This information can be used to produce a precise, data-based prediction of the antineutrino energy spectrum in other reactor antineutrino experiments with different fission fractions than Daya Bay. The positron energy spectra are unfolded to obtain the antineutrino energy spectra by removing the contribution from detector response with the Wiener-SVD unfolding method. Consistent results are obtained with other unfolding methods. A technique to construct a data-based prediction of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is proposed and investigated. Given the reactor fission fractions, the technique can predict the energy spectrum to a 2% precision. In addition, we illustrate how to perform a rigorous comparison between the unfolded antineutrino spectrum and a theoretical model prediction that avoids the input model bias of the unfolding method., 22 pages, 10 figures, 6 supplemental materials
Published: 2021

9. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs

Author: Mikkel B. Johnson, B. Landerud, A. Biekert, B. N. Edwards, K. Hanzel, T. E. Tope, D. Curran, C. Chiller, J. Palmer, R. Leonard, P. Sutcliffe, E. D. Fraser, R. Bunker, J. So, A. A. Chiller, M. R. While, A. Dobi, D. Hamilton, M. G. D. van der Grinten, W. J. Wisniewski, J. Li, A. Fan, J.S. Saba, C. Lynch, Henrique Araujo, S. Luitz, J. Nesbit, M. Horn, C. D. Kocher, Catarina Silva, F. G. O’Neill, J. C. Davis, J. J. Silk, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Simon Fayer, M. Pangilinan, K. O’Sullivan, D. Lucero, Q. Xiao, D. Hemer, B. Boxer, J. M. Lyle, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, J. Genovesi, A. Vaitkus, M. Arthurs, V. B. Francis, S. Kravitz, X. Liu, H. J. Birch, R. Linehan, S. Walcott, C. H. Faham, T. J. Anderson, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, D. White, A. Kamaha, M. S. Witherell, R. Studley, K. Sundarnath, R. Liu, H. Oh, L. Korley, H. Flaecher, R. Conley, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, S. Stephenson, C. Pereira, C. R. Hall, R. Cabrita, B. Holbrook, B. G. Lenardo, P. Majewski, T.M. Stiegler, I. B. Peterson, A. Manalaysay, A. Monte, C. Ghag, H. Kraus, C. Loniewski, J. Makkinje, X. Xiang, Robert A. Taylor, M. N. Irving, S. Uvarov, Michael Schubnell, J. Heise, R. Coughlen, A. Lambert, F. Froborg, L. Oxborough, D.C. Malling, S. Greenwood, J. Yin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. J. Krebs, W. H. Lippincott, K. J. Palladino, R. E. Smith, V. A. Kudryavtsev, I. Olcina, C. M. Ignarra, A. Harrison, A. J. Bailey, Minfang Yeh, D. Bauer, W. Skulski, J. Keefner, O. Hitchcock, Ben Carlson, E. Leason, Benjamin Krikler, A. Cottle, E. Mizrachi, Michele Cascella, M. Khaleeq, M. Solmaz, T. J. Whitis, J. J. Wang, N. Angelides, S. Gokhale, K. Skarpaas, Daniel McKinsey, S. Dardin, S. Kyre, D. Santone, P. R. Scovell, T. Vietanen, S. Powell, Y. Wang, David Leonard, E. Morrison, N. Swanson, M. Sarychev, M. A. Olevitch, E. K. Pease, M. Elnimr, P. Brás, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, J. Migneault, Yeongduk Kim, W. Turner, S. D. Worm, Seth Hillbrand, T. Fruth, G. Gregerson, Wenzhao Wei, V. Kasey, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, A. Bhatti, D. Naim, Ethan Bernard, B. J. Mount, V. N. Solovov, C. Nedlik, K. Wilson, Elena Korolkova, G. R. C. Rischbieter, P. Ford, A. Stevens, D. J. Taylor, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, S. Aviles, W. T. Emmet, K. Stifter, B. Birrittella, J. T. White, S. J. Patton, D. Molash, M. Severson, T. A. Shutt, A. Richards, D Kodroff, J. Lin, Kareem Kazkaz, T. P. Biesiadzinski, David Colling, J. Liao, J. Mock, J. A. Morad, E. Holtom, J. E. Y. Dobson, Bjoern Penning, C. E. Dahl, A. Dushkin, A. Konovalov, D. J. Markley, G. W. Shutt, N. Parveen, M. G. D. Gilchriese, Yanwen Liu, C. Carels, Martin Breidenbach, Kathrin C. Walker, V.V. Sosnovtsev, A. Naylor, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, A. Pagac, J. J. Cherwinka, N. Decheine, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, Patrick Bauer, J.P. Rodrigues, S. Branson, T. J. R. Davison, B. Lopez Paredes, D. Pagenkopf, J. S. Campbell, M. Tan, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M.J. Barry, J. Belle, D. Yu. Akimov, M. Timalsina, S. Shaw, Alexander Bolozdynya, W. Ji, Sridhara Dasu, D. Q. Huang, J. Edwards, F. L. H. Wolfs, K. E. Boast, J. Busenitz, Ren-Jie Wang, S. Fiorucci, N. Stern, C. Rhyne, V. Bugaev, A. Laundrie, G. Rutherford, G. Pereira, E. H. Miller, W. W. Craddock, S. Alsum, J.P. da Cunha, Richard J. Smith, A. Cole, W. Wang, Julie Harrison, I. Khurana, M. Utes, R. J. Gaitskell, J. Kras, D. Khaitan, R. L. Mannino, J. D. Wolfs, H. Auyeung, L. de Viveiros, E. Voirin, E. M. Boulton, N. I. Chott, I. Stancu, L. Tvrznikova, Richard Rosero, P. MarrLaundrie, D. R. Tronstad, T. Benson, Dongming Mei, T. J. Sumner, O. Jahangir, J. Va’vra, Ross G. White, L. Sabarots, A. Currie, A. R. Smith, W. L. Waldron, J. P. Coleman, E. Lopez-Asamar, Wolfgang Lorenzon, A. Piepke, Carl Gwilliam, S. Hans, T. Harrington, Laura Manenti, A. Greenall, F.-T. Liao, G. Cox, J. R. Bensinger, V. M. Gehman, H. J. Rose, Christopher Brew, X. Bai, P. Sorensen, A. Arbuckle, Y. Qie, R. C. Webb, R.M. Gerhard, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, P. Rossiter, C. Hasselkus, W. G. Jones, J. Johnson, R. Gelfand, T. G. Gonda, C. O. Vuosalo, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, Chao Zhang, A. Nilima, R. M. Preece, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, B. P. Tennyson, Yue Meng, C. Maupin, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, J.Y-K. Hor, N. Marangou, D. Temples, Eli Gibson, M. Hoff, H. S. Lee, J. H. Buckley, Z. J. Minaker, M.I. Lopes, M. Koyuncu, P. A. Terman, J.R. Verbus, Bhawna Gomber, J. A. Nikkel, A. Alquahtani, I. M. Fogarty Florang, D. Seymour, A. V. Kumpan, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, M.R. Stark, S. Pierson, M. Racine, D. R. Tiedt, D. S. Akerib, A. Khazov, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, A.V. Khromov, A. C. Kaboth, V. M. Palmaccio, Duncan Carlsmith, K. Pushkin, S. A. Hertel, S. N. Jeffery, E. Druszkiewicz, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, R. Bramante, B. N. Ratcliff, M. E. Monzani, J. O'Dell, P. Zarzhitsky, L. Wang, P. Johnson, Matthew Szydagis, W. H. To, J. E. Armstrong, U. Utku, Mani Tripathi, D. Woodward, D. Garcia, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Ian S. Young, J. McLaughlin, J. Thomson, S. R. Eriksen, R. Rucinski, T.J. Martin, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, Juhyeong Lee, S. Balashov, C. T. McConnell, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, W. T. Kim, S. Weatherly, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: BACKGROUNDS, Particle physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Gamma spectroscopy, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, 0206 Quantum Physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, IMPURITIES, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Content (measure theory), lcsh:QC770-798, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Abstract: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a second-generation direct dark matter experiment with spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering sensitivity above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/c$^{2}$ and a 1000 d exposure. LZ achieves this sensitivity through a combination of a large 5.6 t fiducial volume, active inner and outer veto systems, and radio-pure construction using materials with inherently low radioactivity content. The LZ collaboration performed an extensive radioassay campaign over a period of six years to inform material selection for construction and provide an input to the experimental background model against which any possible signal excess may be evaluated. The campaign and its results are described in this paper. We present assays of dust and radon daughters depositing on the surface of components as well as cleanliness controls necessary to maintain background expectations through detector construction and assembly. Finally, examples from the campaign to highlight fixed contaminant radioassays for the LZ photomultiplier tubes, quality control and quality assurance procedures through fabrication, radon emanation measurements of major sub-systems, and bespoke detector systems to assay scintillator are presented., Comment: 45 pages (79 inc. tables), 7 figures, 9 tables
Published: 2020
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10. Search for hep solar neutrinos and the diffuse supernova neutrino background using all three phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author: C. E. Okada, Ilan Levine, David A. Sinclair, D. Chauhan, J. Wendland, J. F. Wilkerson, B. Beltran, F. B. Descamps, Jocelyn Monroe, M. H. Schwendener, N. Gagnon, M. Jerkins, T. Sonley, F. Zhang, N. S. Oblath, G. D. Orebi Gann, H. Deng, B. Aharmim, J. R. Leslie, L. C. Stonehill, R. W. Ollerhead, J. Law, A. L. Hallin, B. T. Cleveland, B. C. Robertson, E. Blucher, Bei Cai, Ryuta Hazama, G. Doucas, K. Boudjemline, N. Tolich, M. Huang, H. Wan Chan Tseung, S. Habib, S. Majerus, Yuen-Dat Chan, K. Graham, T. Kutter, T. J. Winchester, Alain Bellerive, D. L. Wark, M. L. Miller, J. Heise, S. M. Oser, M. Bergevin, L. L. Kormos, R. D. Martin, Andrew Hime, N. McCauley, P. Jagam, S. R. Elliott, G. T. Ewan, C. Kraus, A. Krüger, Keith Rielage, R. G. H. Robertson, S. D. Reitzner, S. N. Ahmed, M. Kos, J. C. Loach, O. Simard, R. Van Berg, P. L. Drouin, K. Gilje, R. L. Hahn, I. Lawson, R. J. Ford, Monica Dunford, C. J. Virtue, E. W. Beier, A. J. Noble, J. Maneira, A. W. P. Poon, J. Caravaca, F. Fleurot, B. L. Wall, A. E. Anthony, Christopher C. M. Kyba, P. J. Doe, G. Prior, N. West, W. J. Heintzelman, Hal Evans, S. J. M. Peeters, C. Howard, J. Farine, H. M. O'Keeffe, K. T. Lesko, S. D. Biller, R. A. Ott, Bernie G. Nickel, P. J. Harvey, Jochen Klein, K. J. Keeter, E. Guillian, H. B. Mak, Minfang Yeh, G. Tešić, N. A. Jelley, S. McGee, J. Tm. Goon, N. Barros, A. B. McDonald, E. D. Hallman, R. MacLellan, T. Tsui, S. R. Seibert, Min Chen, C. B. Krauss, B. A. VanDevender, P. Skensved, D. Waller, B. Jamieson, R. Bonventre, James R. Wilson, B. J. Land, X. Dai, J. A. Secrest, J. A. Detwiler, G. A. Cox, R. Lange, Benjamin Monreal, A. Mastbaum, H. Fergani, R. L. Helmer, Kai Zuber, A. Wright, M. G. Boulay, A. LaTorre, E. J. Callaghan, K. Labe, and Joseph A. Formaggio
Subjects: Physics, Standard solar model, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Supernova, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: A search has been performed for neutrinos from two sources, the $hep$ reaction in the solar $pp$ fusion chain and the $��_e$ component of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), using the full dataset of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with a total exposure of 2.47 kton-years after fiducialization. The $hep$ search is performed using both a single-bin counting analysis and a likelihood fit. We find a best-fit flux that is compatible with solar model predictions while remaining consistent with zero flux, and set a one-sided upper limit of $��_{hep} < 30\times10^{3}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ [90% credible interval (CI)]. No events are observed in the DSNB search region, and we set an improved upper bound on the $��_e$ component of the DSNB flux of $��^\mathrm{DSNB}_{��_e} < 19~\textrm{cm}^{-2}~\textrm{s}^{-1}$ (90% CI) in the energy range $22.9 < E_��< 36.9$~MeV., 11 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2020

11. The JSNS2 data acquisition system

Author: Shoichi Hasegawa, Yorihito Sugaya, Eunhyang Kwon, J. R. Jordan, R. Ujiie, M. Niiyama, K. Nishikawa, T. Maruyama, J. S. Park, T. Hiraiwa, M. Taira, H. Jeon, K. K. Joo, S. Jeon, Takeo Kawasaki, J. Spitz, Myung-Ki Cheoun, M. Jang, I. T. Lim, M. Botran, Masaharu Nomachi, J. S. Jang, Tatsushi Shima, H. I. Jang, Carsten Rott, Y. Hino, D. H. Lee, S. Monjushiro, Tomoyuki Konno, E. Marzec, M. Y. Pac, Jeong-Sik Choi, S. Ajimura, P. Gwak, F. Suekane, Intae Yu, I. Stancu, S. J. M. Peeters, T. Nakano, H. Furuta, Masahide Harada, Eunja Kim, Seyong Kim, J. Y. Kim, J. H. Seo, C. D. Shin, Kentaro Suzuya, Shinichi Sakamoto, A. Zohaib, S. B. Kim, Kenji Sakai, Sin Kyu Kang, W. Kim, S. Meigo, H. Ray, Hyonsan Seo, Dong Ho Moon, D. E. Jung, Minfang Yeh, Y. Kasugai, and T. Dodo
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Data acquisition, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron source, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Spallation Neutron Source
Abstract: The JSNS$^{2}$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment aims to search for neutrino oscillations over a 24 m short baseline at J-PARC. The JSNS$^{2}$ inner detector is filled with 17 tons of gadolinium(Gd)-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) with an additional 31 tons of unloaded LS in the intermediate $\gamma$-catcher and an optically separated outer veto volumes. A total of 120 10-inch photomultiplier tubes observe the scintillating optical photons and each analog waveform is stored with the flash analog-to-digital converters. We present details of the data acquisition, processing, and data quality monitoring system. We also present two different trigger logics which are developed for the beam and self-trigger.
Published: 2020

12. Characterization of water-based liquid scintillator for Cherenkov and scintillation separation

Author: J. Caravaca, B. J. Land, Minfang Yeh, and G. D. Orebi Gann
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Linear alkylbenzene, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Analytical chemistry, Extrapolation, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), chemistry.chemical_compound, Particle and Plasma Physics, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Nuclear, Engineering (miscellaneous), Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Scintillation, Range (particle radiation), Quantum Physics, Detector, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), lcsh:QC770-798
Abstract: This paper presents measurements of the scintillation light yield and time profile for a number of concentrations of water-based liquid scintillator, formulated from linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO). We find that the scintillation light yield is linear with the concentration of liquid scintillator in water between 1 and 10% with a slope of $$127.9\pm 17.0$$ 127.9 ± 17.0 ph/MeV/concentration and an intercept value of $$108.3\pm 51.0$$ 108.3 ± 51.0 ph/MeV, the latter being illustrative of non-linearities with concentration at values less than 1%. This is larger than expected from a simple extrapolation of the pure liquid scintillator light yield. The measured time profiles are consistently faster than that of pure liquid scintillator, with rise times less than 250 ps and prompt decay constants in the range of 2.1–2.85 ns. Additionally, the separation between Cherenkov and scintillation light is quantified using cosmic muons in the CHESS experiment for each formulation, demonstrating an improvement in separation at the centimeter scale. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects for large-scale detectors.
Published: 2020

13. Improved Constraints on Sterile Neutrino Mixing from Disappearance Searches in the MINOS, MINOS+ , Daya Bay, and Bugey-3 Experiments

Author: J. L. Sun, E. T. Worcester, F. Z. Qi, Jingyuan Guo, X. H. Guo, M. Dvořák, C. H. Wang, Feiyang Zhang, Richard Rosero, Jen-Chieh Peng, X. L. Ji, J. Park, J. H. C. Lee, J. P. Gallo, Miao He, A. E. Kreymer, S. V. Cao, J. Dove, Yuda Zeng, P. Lucas, Marvin L Marshak, Shanfeng Li, Chun S. J. Pun, Zhuojun Hu, D. C. Jones, Li Zhou, Christopher L. Marshall, J. F. Chang, A. B. Balantekin, Diru Wu, N. Poonthottathil, Yunzhe Liu, D. M. Xia, Shaomin Chen, Jun Cao, R. Chen, N. Graf, Y. Y. Ding, S. Hans, C. Lu, J. L. Xu, Rakesh Sharma, R. W. Hackenburg, S. R. Hahn, Haifeng Yao, S. Childress, S. H. Kettell, X. B. Ma, A. Aurisano, Honghan Gong, Maxim Gonchar, Xinglong Li, Z. Wang, S. F. Li, R. A. Johnson, H. H. Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Fengpeng An, Yuhang Guo, Alexander Olshevskiy, Siew Cheng Wong, H. R. Band, Guey-Lin Lin, Jonathan S. Lu, Dmitry V. Naumov, Lin Yang, J. K. Nelson, D. E. Jaffe, H. Liang, Yixue Chen, G. B. Mills, Z. Y. Yu, Z. K. Cheng, K. Whisnant, J. J. Ling, Karol Lang, Z. P. Zhang, J. R. Meier, Jinmei Liu, Simon Blyth, J. Cheng, M. Kordosky, Jing Zhao, S. Li, X. Y. Ma, R. Mehdiyev, S. J. Patton, J. Schneps, Andrew Blake, M. Z. Wang, Ming Chung Chu, Zhangquan Xie, H. L. Zhuang, Michael Kramer, I. Anghel, A. Timmons, C. Morales Reveco, F. L. Wu, Y. X. Zhang, M. M. Pfützner, R. K. Plunkett, Yufeng Li, K. L. Jen, Ž. Pavlović, W. J. Wu, Vit Vorobel, R. D. McKeown, Wei Li, Artem Chukanov, N. Dash, Yue Meng, P. Sail, M. V. Diwan, Zhiyong Zhang, B. Roskovec, John Evans, X. Q. Li, M. Qi, M. Bishai, Tadeas Dohnal, Hongzhao Yu, Jing Wang, A. Schreckenberger, Nasir Shaheed, Hanxiong Huang, Z. B. Li, Y. Z. Yang, L. Kang, Qingmin Zhang, J. K. C. Leung, Gregory J Pawloski, R. T. Lei, Hongliang Li, P. Gouffon, X. Qiu, M. Ye, W. Wang, B. Z. Hu, N. Y. Wang, M. A. Thomson, D. Naples, B. Viren, Jianrun Hu, Stanley G. Wojcicki, L. Guo, Zhijian Zhang, Jiachen Li, J. O'Connor, Alec Habig, Y. B. Hsiung, Chao Zhang, K. Grzelak, J. J. Cherwinka, Xiaolu Ji, Liangjian Wen, D. D. Phan, Guofu Cao, L. H. Wei, K. Treskov, N. Raper, Jinjuan Ren, Q. J. Li, W. A. Mann, R. Hatcher, R. A. Gomes, Jim Napolitano, N. Tagg, A. Radovic, Qinglong Wu, G.D. Barr, Junwei Huang, Kam Biu Luk, G. J. Feldman, Yinhong Zhang, Z. Guo, Tian Xue, A. Holin, Juergen Thomas, Y. K. Heng, K. T. McDonald, J. Todd, Yanhui Liu, A. C. Weber, A. Perch, X. C. Ruan, Xin Qian, Guanghua Gong, Joao A B Coelho, Chi Lin, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, L. Mora Lepin, A. Higuera, X. T. Huang, C. G. Yang, H. R. Pan, Zhi-zhong Xing, S. De Rijck, C. E. Tull, D. Torretta, J. Lee, H. Y. Wei, H. L. H. Wong, J. Hartnell, H. S. Chen, T. J. Carroll, P. Adamson, Y. K. Hor, Jianglai Liu, L. W. Koerner, X. Wang, Haoqi Lu, Y. F. Wang, W. Flanagan, T. Tmej, S. Kohn, S. Germani, Warner A. Miller, R. Toner, E. Naumova, D. A. Dwyer, T. J. Langford, A. Sousa, Yuman Wang, S. Zeng, W. Q. Gu, H. M. Steiner, P. Vahle, Y. Q. Ma, F. S. Deng, Bing-Lin Young, B. R. Littlejohn, Yaoyu Zhang, Y. B. Huang, Patrick Huber, Y. H. Chang, X. T. Zhang, Shengxin Lin, C. M. Castromonte, T. Hu, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, Minfang Yeh, Yongzhu Chen, Baobiao Yue, F. Li, R. G. Wang, W. H. Tse, R. J. Nichol, N. Mayer, Liang Zhan, K. M. Heeger, Christopher G. White, S. C. Tognini, Rupert Leitner, D. Dolzhikov, T. Xu, J. M. Link, J. P. Cummings, mrow, Leigh H. Whitehead, M. Y. Gabrielyan, L. S. Littenberg, M. C. Sanchez, R. B. Pahlka, and Z. M. Wang
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Sterile neutrino, Muon, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, MiniBooNE, MINOS, 0103 physical sciences, Muon neutrino, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Electron neutrino, Mixing (physics)
Abstract: Searches for electron antineutrino, muon neutrino, and muon antineutrino disappearance driven by sterile neutrino mixing have been carried out by the Daya Bay and MINOS+ collaborations. This Letter presents the combined results of these searches, along with exclusion results from the Bugey-3 reactor experiment, framed in a minimally extended four-neutrino scenario. Significantly improved constraints on the θ_{μe} mixing angle are derived that constitute the most constraining limits to date over five orders of magnitude in the mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2}, excluding the 90% C.L. sterile-neutrino parameter space allowed by the LSND and MiniBooNE observations at 90% CL_{s} for Δm_{41}^{2}
Published: 2020
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14. Projected sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment to the 0νββ decay of Xe136

Author: Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, David Leonard, X. Bai, J. Johnson, X. Liu, J. Busenitz, P. Brás, C. Rhyne, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, R. Linehan, Eli Gibson, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, R. C. Webb, A. Baxter, L. de Viveiros, A. Alqahtani, A. Monte, C. Ghag, N. Angelides, P. Sorensen, S. Gokhale, S. Shaw, Catarina Silva, J. Palmer, B. Lopez Paredes, T. J. Sumner, N. Marangou, A. Manalaysay, K. E. Boast, O. Jahangir, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, M. E. Monzani, Yue Meng, D. Naim, I. Stancu, J. Liao, J. J. Wang, K. O’Sullivan, V. Bugaev, N. I. Chott, A. Khazov, P. Zarzhitsky, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, Matthew Szydagis, J. Lin, H. N. Nelson, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Ross G. White, J.J. Silk, J. R. Bensinger, E. Leason, Benjamin Krikler, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, Laura Manenti, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. Carels, E. Mizrachi, C. Chan, Henrique Araujo, J. A. Morad, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, F.-T. Liao, A. Vaitkus, S. Kravitz, W. C. Taylor, P. Rossiter, H. J. Birch, D. Khaitan, K. Stifter, A. Kamaha, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, D. Seymour, W. Turner, U. Utku, E. D. Fraser, Mani Tripathi, K. T. Lesko, C. Nedlik, A. Biekert, J. Balajthy, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Fiorucci, A. C. Kaboth, J. McLaughlin, C. M. Ignarra, C. R. Hall, F. L. H. Wolfs, R. Cabrita, Kareem Kazkaz, G. Rutherford, D. R. Tiedt, A. Harrison, M. Horn, J. Li, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. D. Kocher, M. G. D. van der Grinten, K. J. Palladino, M. F. Marzioni, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, J. Kras, Michele Cascella, Carl W. Akerlof, H. Kraus, C. E. Dahl, T. Fruth, T. J. Anderson, A. Lindote, J. M. Lyle, Jilei Xu, B. Boxer, C. Nehrkorn, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, A. Tomás, E. K. Pease, Juhyeong Lee, Michael Schubnell, D. S. Akerib, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, S. Balashov, Ethan Bernard, P. Majewski, W. H. Lippincott, V. N. Solovov, X. Xiang, Daniel McKinsey, N. Parveen, Minfang Yeh, A. St. J. Murphy, M. Solmaz, Adam Bernstein, Robert A. Taylor, E. Morrison, D. Woodward, A. Naylor, T. J. Whitis, S. J. Haselschwardt, D. Q. Huang, M.I. Lopes, N. Swanson, W. Wang, P. A. Terman, S. R. Eriksen, R. L. Mannino, Antonin Vacheret, M. Arthurs, S. Luitz, G. Pereira, Richard J. Smith, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, J. E. Armstrong, J. H. Buckley, J. Genovesi, M. Tan, E. H. Miller, A. Cottle, I. Olcina, A. Bhatti, S. A. Hertel, C. Loniewski, Elena Korolkova, A. Stevens, G. R. C. Rischbieter, F. Neves, Bjoern Penning, M. Timalsina, L. Tvrznikova, Henning Flaecher, S. Alsum, I. Khurana, J. Y.K. Hor, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, W. Ji, A. Fan, Duncan Carlsmith, D. Santone, A. Nilima, and R. Liu
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Active volume, 0103 physical sciences, Analytical chemistry, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract: Author(s): Akerib, DS; Akerlof, CW; Alqahtani, A; Alsum, SK; Anderson, TJ; Angelides, N; Araujo, HM; Armstrong, JE; Arthurs, M; Bai, X; Balajthy, J; Balashov, S; Bang, J; Baxter, A; Bensinger, J; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Bhatti, A; Biekert, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Birch, HJ; Boast, KE; Boxer, B; Bras, P; Buckley, JH; Bugaev, VV; Burdin, S; Busenitz, JK; Cabrita, R; Carels, C; Carlsmith, DL; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Cascella, M; Chan, C; Chott, NI; Cole, A; Cottle, A; Cutter, JE; Dahl, CE; De Viveiros, L; Dobson, JEY; Druszkiewicz, E; Edberg, TK; Eriksen, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Flaecher, H; Fraser, ED; Fruth, T; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gibson, E; Gilchriese, MGD; Gokhale, S; Van Der Grinten, MGD; Hall, CR; Harrison, A; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hor, JYK; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jahangir, O; Ji, W; Johnson, J; Kaboth, AC; Kamaha, AC; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Khazov, A; Khurana, I; Kocher, CD; Korley, L; Korolkova, EV; Kras, J; Kraus, H; Kravitz, S; Kreczko, L; Krikler, B; Kudryavtsev, VA; Leason, EA; Lee, J | Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will enable a neutrinoless double β decay search in parallel to the main science goal of discovering dark matter particle interactions. We report the expected LZ sensitivity to Xe136 neutrinoless double β decay, taking advantage of the significant (g600 kg) Xe136 mass contained within the active volume of LZ without isotopic enrichment. After 1000 live-days, the median exclusion sensitivity to the half-life of Xe136 is projected to be 1.06×1026 years (90% confidence level), similar to existing constraints. We also report the expected sensitivity of a possible subsequent dedicated exposure using 90% enrichment with Xe136 at 1.06×1027 years.
Published: 2020
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15. Cherenkov/scintillation separation and performance of water-based liquid scintillator detectors

Author: Max Smiley, Javier Caravaca, Gabriel Orebi Gann, Benjamin Land, Zara Bagdasarian, Edith Bourret, Federico Moretti, Minfang Yeh, and Drew Onken
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Water-based liquid scintillator is a promising scintillation medium that would enable construction of very large scale (tens of kilotonnes) optical detectors and with enhanced separation of Cherenkov and scintillation light. This technology could yield the first large-scale scintillator detector with direction reconstruction capabilities and unprecedented particle identification. This would boost sensitivity to a wide range of physics topics, including 0νββ searches and solar neutrinos. In this poster, we present results from the characterization of water-based liquid scintillator. This is used to build a Monte Carlo model in order to predict its performance in large scale detectors. We demonstrate and quantify the separation of Cherenkov and scintillation light using cosmic muons and use it to validate our Monte Carlo model. Using this model, we estimate performance of a large-scale water-based liquid scintillator in the context of low energy neutrino physics.
Published: 2020
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16. Nonfuel antineutrino contributions in the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR)

Author: Xiaolu Ji, I. Mitchell, D. Norcini, A. Woolverton, C.E. Gilbert, J. Wilhelmi, Chao Zhang, Aiwu Zhang, S. Nour, M. P. Mendenhall, A. J. Conant, J. L. Palomino-Gallo, Anna Erickson, X. Lu, R. Neilson, E. Romero-Romero, C. E. Lane, Christopher G. White, T. Classen, D. Berish, R. Milincic, D. E. Jaffe, T. J. Langford, R. Rosero, A. B. Hansell, J. A. Nikkel, C. D. Bryan, J. LaRosa, Denis E. Bergeron, B. T. Foust, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, Jim Napolitano, M. A. Tyra, P. T. Surukuchi, X. Zhang, D. C. Jones, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, R. L. Varner, J. K. Gaison, B. Hackett, J. Maricic, Nathaniel Bowden, Hans P. Mumm, K. M. Heeger, Minfang Yeh, J. P. Brodsky, M. V. Diwan, P. E. Mueller, H. R. Band, G. Deichert, Xin Qian, Dmitry A. Pushin, B. Heffron, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, and S. Hans
Subjects: Physics, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Irradiation, Reactor neutrino, 010306 general physics, High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: Reactor neutrino experiments have seen major improvements in precision in recent years. With the experimental uncertainties becoming lower than those from theory, carefully considering all sources of ν ¯ e is important when making theoretical predictions. One source of ν ¯ e that is often neglected arises from the irradiation of the nonfuel materials in reactors. The ν ¯ e rates and energies from these sources vary widely based on the reactor type, configuration, and sampling stage during the reactor cycle and have to be carefully considered for each experiment independently. In this article, we present a formalism for selecting the possible ν ¯ e sources arising from the neutron captures on reactor and target materials. We apply this formalism to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the ν ¯ e source for the the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Measurement (PROSPECT) experiment. Overall, we observe that the nonfuel ν ¯ e contributions from HFIR to PROSPECT amount to 1% above the inverse beta decay threshold with a maximum contribution of 9% in the 1.8-2.0 MeV range. Nonfuel contributions can be particularly high for research reactors like HFIR because of the choice of structural and reflector material in addition to the intentional irradiation of target material for isotope production. We show that typical commercial pressurized water reactors fueled with low-enriched uranium will have significantly smaller nonfuel ν ¯ e contribution.
Published: 2020
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17. Slow control and monitoring system at the JSNS$^{2}$

Author: H. Jeon, S. Ajimura, Intae Yu, I. Stancu, H. Furuta, S. J. M. Peeters, Tomoyuki Konno, I. S. Yeo, J. S. Jang, E.J. Kim, Y. Hino, H. I. Jang, F. Suekane, S. Monjushiro, D H Lee, C. Yoo, T. Maruyama, J. S. Park, Yorihito Sugaya, R. Ujiie, Gerrit Roellinghoff, K. Nishikawa, J. Spitz, S. Sakamoto, M. Taira, J. W. Choi, Tatsushi Shima, J. Y. Kim, Shin-ichiro Meigo, S. Jeon, Myung-Ki Cheoun, Shoichi Hasegawa, Takeo Kawasaki, J. R. Jordan, D. E. Jung, M. Botran, J. H. Choi, J Goh, C. D. Shin, Minfang Yeh, K. K. Joo, K. Suzuya, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, I. T. Lim, Y. Kasugai, E. Marzec, T. Dodo, Dong Ho Moon, Masaharu Nomachi, Carsten Rott, Sin Kyu Kang, Masahide Harada, M. Jang, H. Ray, T. Nakano, M. Y. Pac, S. Lee, S. B. Kim, W. Kim, A. Zohaib, M. Niiyama, and Kenji Sakai
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Control (management), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Control engineering, Monitoring system, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
Abstract: The JSNS$^2$ experiment is aimed to search for sterile neutrino oscillations using a neutrino beam from muon decays at rest. The JSNS$^2$ detector contains 17 tons of 0.1\% gadolinium (Gd) loaded liquid scintillator (LS) as a neutrino target. Detector construction was completed in the spring of 2020. A slow control and monitoring system (SCMS) was implemented for reliable control and quick monitoring of the detector operational status and environmental conditions. It issues an alarm if any of the monitored parameters exceed a preset acceptable range. The SCMS monitors the high voltage (HV) of the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), the LS level in the detector, possible LS overflow and leakage, the temperature and air pressure in the detector, the humidity of the experimental hall, and the LS flow rate during filling and extraction. An initial 10 days of data-taking with a neutrino beam was done following a successful commissioning of the detector and SCMS in June 2020. In this paper, we present a description of the assembly and installation of the SCMS and its performance., 12 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2020

18. Performance of PMTs for the JSNS2 experiment

Author: S. B. Kim, F. Suekane, Shoichi Hasegawa, Masahide Harada, Eunja Kim, K. K. Joo, Jeong-Sik Choi, Kenji Sakai, Eunhyang Kwon, Intae Yu, J. Y. Kim, T. Maruyama, I. Stancu, M. Y. Pac, M. Niiyama, M. Taira, Shinichi Sakamoto, S. J. M. Peeters, T. Nakano, A. Zohaib, J. H. Seo, W. Kim, C. D. Shin, Y. Hino, Kentaro Suzuya, P. Gwak, E. Marzec, Seyong Kim, M. Jang, D. E. Jung, Minfang Yeh, H. Jeon, Y. Kasugai, S. Jeon, Myung-Ki Cheoun, T. Dodo, J. S. Jang, I. T. Lim, H. Furuta, Tatsushi Shima, Masaharu Nomachi, T. Hiraiwa, Hyonsan Seo, J. S. Park, S. Ajimura, J. R. Jordan, H. Ray, S. Meigo, R. Ujiie, J. Spitz, Sin Kyu Kang, Tomoyuki Konno, D. H. Lee, Carsten Rott, M. Botran, K. Nishikawa, Dong Ho Moon, Takeo Kawasaki, Yorihito Sugaya, H. I. Jang, and S. Monjushiro
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Scintillation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Neutrino detector, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron source, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Spallation Neutron Source
Abstract: The JSNS$^{2}$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment aims to search for neutrino oscillations over a 24\,m short baseline at J-PARC. The JSNS$^{2}$ inner detector is filled with 17 tons of gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) and both the intermediate $\gamma$-catcher and the optically separated outer veto are filled with un-loaded LS. Optical photons from scintillation are observed by 120 Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs). A total of 130 PMTs for the JSNS2 experiment were both donated by other experiments and purchased from Hamamatsu. Donated PMTs were purchased around 10 years ago, therefore JSNS$^{2}$ did pre-calibration of the PMTs including the purchased PMTs. 123 PMTs demonstrated acceptable performance for the JSNS$^{2}$ experiment, and 120 PMTs were installed in the detector.
Published: 2020
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19. Simulations of Events for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Dark Matter Experiment

Author: T. Fruth, D. Seymour, J. Lin, W. Ji, J. McLaughlin, J. Palmer, L. Tvrznikova, M. Tan, P. R. Scovell, J. Genovesi, Ethan Bernard, E. H. Miller, F. L. H. Wolfs, G. Rutherford, V. Bugaev, J. Kras, D. Woodward, B. Lopez Paredes, M. Solmaz, E. Morrison, A. Biekert, I. Stancu, A. Lindote, K. E. Boast, A. Fan, Kareem Kazkaz, Juhyeong Lee, I. Olcina, A. Bhatti, A. Alqahtani, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Balashov, D. Santone, C. Carels, A. Piepke, Ross G. White, A. Cottle, M. E. Monzani, F.-T. Liao, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. Loniewski, J. Y.K. Hor, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, M. G. D. van der Grinten, N. I. Chott, P. Zarzhitsky, Matthew Szydagis, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, K. J. Palladino, P. Rossiter, Elena Korolkova, Laura Manenti, G. R. C. Rischbieter, A. Baxter, D. R. Tiedt, C. E. Dahl, B. Boxer, T. K. Edberg, S. A. Hertel, Q. Riffard, U. Utku, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, G. Pereira, Richard J. Smith, Michele Cascella, David Leonard, E. Druszkiewicz, D. S. Akerib, Mani Tripathi, A. Nilima, Simon Fayer, M. Timalsina, E. K. Pease, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, N. Angelides, P. Majewski, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, T. J. Anderson, N. Marangou, J. Busenitz, W. H. Lippincott, Michael Schubnell, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, C. Rhyne, J. E. Armstrong, V. N. Solovov, A. Manalaysay, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, A. Naylor, D. Naim, S. Shaw, J. Li, S. Luitz, S. Gokhale, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, J. H. Buckley, L. Korley, N. Parveen, K. Kamdin, R. Linehan, Minfang Yeh, W. C. Taylor, D. Q. Huang, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, Catarina Silva, Carl W. Akerlof, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, H. J. Birch, J. Balajthy, M.I. Lopes, O. Jahangir, A. Monte, Daniel McKinsey, A. C. Kaboth, J. E. Y. Dobson, X. Xiang, A. Richards, C. Ghag, V. A. Kudryavtsev, C. Chan, A. Vaitkus, S. Kravitz, D. Khaitan, J. J. Wang, C. M. Ignarra, P. A. Terman, D. Bauer, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, A. Harrison, R. L. Mannino, Antonin Vacheret, S. J. Haselschwardt, M. Arthurs, F. Neves, W. Wang, E. D. Fraser, P. Sorensen, E. Leason, T. J. Sumner, P. Brás, Henning Flaecher, Benjamin Krikler, K. T. Lesko, Yue Meng, T. J. Whitis, X. Bai, E. Mizrachi, J. Johnson, S. R. Eriksen, Duncan Carlsmith, Wolfgang Lorenzon, X. Liu, N. Swanson, J. R. Bensinger, Eli Gibson, A. Kamaha, H. N. Nelson, W. Turner, C. Nedlik, Henrique Araujo, C. R. Hall, R. Cabrita, H. Kraus, R. Liu, Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, K. Stifter, S. Fiorucci, J. Liao, J. A. Morad, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, M. Horn, C. D. Kocher, J. M. Lyle, Robert A. Taylor, S. Alsum, I. Khurana, A. Stevens, and Bjoern Penning
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Projection (set theory), physics.ins-det, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Event (particle physics), Background radiation
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter search aims to achieve a sensitivity to the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section down to (1--2)$\times10^{-12}$\,pb at a WIMP mass of 40 GeV/$c^2$. This paper describes the simulations framework that, along with radioactivity measurements, was used to support this projection, and also to provide mock data for validating reconstruction and analysis software. Of particular note are the event generators, which allow us to model the background radiation, and the detector response physics used in the production of raw signals, which can be converted into digitized waveforms similar to data from the operational detector. Inclusion of the detector response allows us to process simulated data using the same analysis routines as developed to process the experimental data., Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures; Corresponding Authors: A. Cottle, V. Kudryavtsev, D. Woodward
Published: 2020
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20. Search For Electron-Antineutrinos Associated With Gravitational-Wave Events GW150914, GW151012, GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814, and GW170817 at Daya Bay

Author: B. R. Littlejohn, Yaoyu Zhang, Y. B. Huang, J. P. Gallo, R. W. Hackenburg, Y. H. Chang, Z. Wang, Chun S. J. Pun, Zhuojun Hu, Shaomin Chen, Y. K. Hor, Jun Cao, Hongzhao Yu, Hanxiong Huang, L. Kang, Haifeng Yao, Jianglai Liu, S. F. Li, Dmitry V. Naumov, Xin Qian, Z. Y. Yu, S. J. Patton, K. Whisnant, J. Cheng, X. Wang, Haoqi Lu, A. Higuera, X. T. Huang, C. G. Yang, Olivia Dalager, M. V. Diwan, X. Q. Li, Tadeas Dohnal, J. K. C. Leung, X. C. Ruan, Zhi-zhong Xing, Z. B. Li, D. M. Xia, H. L. Zhuang, Y. F. Wang, Michael Kramer, E. T. Worcester, F. Z. Qi, S. H. Kettell, X. B. Ma, Jinjuan Ren, Christopher L. Marshall, J. F. Chang, Christopher G. White, H. R. Band, H. Liang, Yixue Chen, N. Y. Wang, B. Viren, Q. J. Li, Y. Z. Yang, L. H. Wei, H. S. Chen, R. T. Lei, W. J. Wu, R. D. McKeown, Qingmin Zhang, Maxim Gonchar, Xinglong Li, R. A. Johnson, X. L. Ji, Rupert Leitner, Z. M. Wang, D. E. Jaffe, Guanghua Gong, C. Lu, Chi Lin, Jim Napolitano, Jiawen Zhang, Jingyuan Guo, Jen-Chieh Peng, Jianrun Hu, Qinglong Wu, Yinhong Zhang, Z. Guo, J. J. Cherwinka, Li Zhou, J. Dove, Yuda Zeng, N. Raper, Tian Xue, Miao He, L. Guo, Xiaolu Ji, C. Morales Reveco, Chao Zhang, X. H. Guo, Guey-Lin Lin, Jonathan S. Lu, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, Jia Xu, Yufeng Li, Y. K. Heng, K. T. McDonald, M. Dvořák, C. H. Wang, Vit Vorobel, K. L. Jen, Tomas Tmej, Feiyang Zhang, Jianmin Li, M. Ye, Wei Li, S. Kohn, Y. Y. Ding, D. C. Jones, H. H. Zhang, R. G. Wang, A. B. Balantekin, Liang Zhan, F. L. Wu, Zhiyong Zhang, B. Roskovec, Fengpeng An, Tianpeng Xu, Patrick Huber, X. T. Zhang, Minfang Yeh, Shengxin Lin, Shanfeng Li, S. Hans, J. L. Sun, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, J. Park, J. H. C. Lee, Alexander Olshevskiy, Yongzhu Chen, J. J. Ling, Baobiao Yue, Honghan Gong, Zhijian Zhang, J. Lee, H. Y. Wei, Yuhang Guo, H. L. H. Wong, Jiaheng Zou, K. Treskov, T. Hu, F. Li, Richard Rosero, W. H. Tse, H. R. Pan, C. E. Tull, Y. X. Zhang, K. M. Heeger, Yue Meng, Kam-Biu Luk, Simon Blyth, M. Z. Wang, Ming Chung Chu, Yuman Wang, S. Zeng, W. Q. Gu, M. Qi, M. Bishai, B. Z. Hu, F. S. Deng, Bing-Lin Young, Diru Wu, L. S. Littenberg, E. Naumova, D. A. Dwyer, W. Wang, T. J. Langford, Y. B. Hsiung, Lin Yang, Jinmei Liu, Jing Zhao, X. Y. Ma, H. M. Steiner, Y. Q. Ma, J. M. Link, J. P. Cummings, Jing Wang, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, Z. K. Cheng, Z. P. Zhang, and Zhangquan Xie
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electron, Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Neutron star, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, GW151226, Monochromatic color, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation
Abstract: Providing a possible connection between neutrino emission and gravitational-wave (GW) bursts is important to our understanding of the physical processes that occur when black holes or neutron stars merge. In the Daya Bay experiment, using data collected from December 2011 to August 2017, a search has been performed for electron-antineutrino signals coinciding with detected GW events, including GW150914, GW151012, GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814, and GW170817. We used three time windows of $\mathrm{\pm 10~s}$, $\mathrm{\pm 500~s}$, and $\mathrm{\pm 1000~s}$ relative to the occurrence of the GW events, and a neutrino energy range of 1.8 to 100 MeV to search for correlated neutrino candidates. The detected electron-antineutrino candidates are consistent with the expected background rates for all the three time windows. Assuming monochromatic spectra, we found upper limits (90% confidence level) on electron-antineutrino fluence of $(1.13~-~2.44) \times 10^{11}~\rm{cm^{-2}}$ at 5 MeV to $8.0 \times 10^{7}~\rm{cm^{-2}}$ at 100 MeV for the three time windows. Under the assumption of a Fermi-Dirac spectrum, the upper limits were found to be $(5.4~-~7.0)\times 10^{9}~\rm{cm^{-2}}$ for the three time windows., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 9 tables
Published: 2020
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21. A Spectrometric Approach to Measuring the Rayleigh Scattering Length for Liquid Scintillator Detectors

Author: R. Diaz Perez, S. Gokhale, Minfang Yeh, R. Rosero, C. Camilo Reyes, and S. Hans
Subjects: Scintillation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Scattering, business.industry, Attenuation, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Scattering length, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, High Energy Physics - Experiment, symbols.namesake, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Neutrino detector, symbols, Rayleigh scattering, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: Good optical transparency is a fundamental requirement of liquid scintillator (LS) detectors. Characterizing the transparency of a liquid scintillator to its own emitted light is a key parameter to determine the overall sensitivity of a large-volume detector. The attenuation of light in an optical-pure LS is dominated by Rayleigh scattering, which poses an intrinsic limit to the transparency of LS. This work presents a spectrometric approach of measuring the wavelength-dependent scattering length of liquids by applying the Einstein-Smoluchowski theory to a measurement of scattered light intensity. The scattering lengths of linear alkyl benzene (LAB) and EJ309-base (Di-isopropylnaphthalene, DIN) were measured and are reported in the wavelength range of 410 to 520 nm. The spectral peak of scintillation light emitted by a nominal LS is around 430 nm at which the scattering length for LAB and EJ-309-base was determined to be 27.9 +/- 2.3 m and 6.1 +/- 0.6 m respectively., Comment: 18 pages
Published: 2020
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22. Measurement of neutron-proton capture in the SNO+ water phase

Author: K. Frankiewicz, C. Grant, A. LaTorre, M. Nirkko, Joshua R. Klein, G. Prior, C. J. Virtue, P. M. Rost, H. M. O'Keeffe, A. Reichold, D. Chauhan, T. Zhang, Mark Guy Boulay, J. Grove, I. Lam, S. Riccetto, N. McCauley, Y. Zhang, P. Khaghani, I. Semenec, F. Shaker, A. Mastbaum, R. D. Martin, V. Fischer, T. Kaptanoglu, A. S. Inácio, L. L. Kormos, J. Wang, J. Dittmer, Jonathan G. C. Veinot, C. B. Krauss, B. Liggins, L. J. Nolan, M. Rigan, K. Gilje, Robert Svoboda, D. Gooding, R. L. Helmer, B. J. Land, S. C. Walton, Kai Zuber, S. D. Biller, Y. Liu, M. A. Cox, S. Maguire, P. J. Harvey, L. Tian, S. Manecki, Jan J. Weigand, A. Zummo, I. Lawson, A. Maio, A. Wright, A. Bialek, G. D. Orebi Gann, J. Rose, E. J. Leming, E. Falk, E. J. Callaghan, A. Li, M. I. Stringer, B. Krar, L. Lebanowski, R. Van Berg, R. Bayes, B. Hreljac, B. T. Cleveland, J. P. Yanez, P. Woosaree, J. Paton, C. J. Jillings, M. Smiley, F. Barao, L. Pickard, M. L. Chen, P. Mekarski, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, E. Blucher, F. Di Lodovico, O. Chkvorets, M. Luo, B. Tam, M. J. Parnell, D. J. Auty, E. Turner, T. Kroupova, N. Fatemighomi, V. Lozza, Sofia Andringa, I. Morton-Blake, S. J. M. Peeters, A. L. Hallin, R. Ford, M. Askins, E. W. Beier, A. D. Earle, J. Caravaca, J. Rumleskie, W. J. Heintzelman, E. Caden, J. C.L. Tseng, C. Kraus, J. Hu, E. Marzec, J. Maneira, C. Mills, R. Knapik, R. Bonventre, S. Hans, J. Lidgard, A. S. M. Hussain, Richard Rosero, E. Fletcher, A. B. McDonald, K. Singh, Munish K. Sharma, M. R. Anderson, R. Richardson, J. R. Wilson, T. Pershing, M. M. Depatie, J. Hartnell, N. Barros, Martin Ward, M. Meyer, D. Hallman, Minfang Yeh, D. Horne, P. Skensved, S. Nae, and Y. H. Lin
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Proton, Hydrogen, Cherenkov detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron detection, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Neutron capture, chemistry
Abstract: The SNO+ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV $\gamma$ produced by neutron capture on hydrogen have been made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV $\gamma$. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV $\gamma$ and the 2.2-MeV capture $\gamma$ revealed a neutron detection efficiency that is centered around 50% and varies at the level of 1% across the inner region of the detector, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency achieved among pure water Cherenkov detectors. In addition, the neutron capture time constant was measured and converted to a thermal neutron-proton capture cross section of $336.3^{+1.2}_{-1.5}$ mb. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2020
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23. Muon Flux Measurement at China Jinping Underground Laboratory

Author: Yu-Zi Yang, Benda Xu, Z. Guo, Minfang Yeh, Wei-Ran Xu, Linyan Wan, Ming Qi, Wentai Luo, G. Hussain, Mourad Chouaki, Lin Zhao, Qian Liu, Wen-Hui Shao, Wei Dou, Lars Bathe-Peters, Tong Xu, Jinjing Li, Zhe Wang, Shaomin Chen, Jian Tang, Lei Guo, and Guang Luo
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, China Jinping Underground Laboratory, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Angular distribution, 0103 physical sciences, cosmic-ray muon flux, angular distribution, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, liquid scintillator, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), cjpl, Supernova, Neutrino detector, neutrino detector, Muon flux, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract: China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) is ideal for studying solar, geo-, and supernova neutrinos. A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray background is essential in proceeding with R&D research for these MeV-scale neutrino experiments. Using a 1-ton prototype detector for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), we detected 264 high-energy muon events from a 645.2-day dataset from the first phase of CJPL (CJPL-I), reconstructed their directions, and measured the cosmic-ray muon flux to be cm s . The observed angular distributions indicate the leakage of cosmic-ray muon background and agree with simulation data accounting for Jinping mountain's terrain. A survey of muon fluxes at different laboratory locations, considering both those situated under mountains and those down mine shafts, indicates that the flux at the former is generally a factor of larger than at the latter, with the same vertical overburden. This study provides a convenient back-of-the-envelope estimation for the muon flux of an underground experiment.
Published: 2020
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24. MeV-scale performance of water-based and pure liquid scintillator detectors

Author: M. Smiley, Minfang Yeh, B. J. Land, G. D. Orebi Gann, Z. Bagdasarian, and J. Caravaca
Subjects: Physics, Scintillation, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: This paper presents studies of the performance of water-based liquid scintillators (WbLS) in both 1-kt and 50-kt detectors. Performance is evaluated in comparison to both pure water Cherenkov detectors and a nominal model for pure scintillator detectors. Performance metrics include energy, vertex, and angular resolution, along with a metric for the ability to separate the Cherenkov from the scintillation signal as being representative of various particle identification capabilities that depend on the Cherenkov/scintillation ratio. We also modify the time profile of scintillation light to study the same performance metrics as a function of rise and decay time. We go on to interpret these results in terms of their impact on certain physics goals, such as solar neutrinos and the search for Majorana neutrinos. This work supports and validates previous results, and the assumptions made therein, and serves as a significant stepping stone to complete detector design studies by using a more detailed detector model and full reconstruction, with a primarily data-driven optical model, and fewer model assumptions. With this model, a high-coverage 50-kt detector achieves better than 10 (1)% precision on the flux of neutrinos from the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle with a water-based liquid scintillator (pure LS) target in five years of data taking. A 1-kt LS detector, with a conservative 50% fiducial volume of 0.5 kt, can achieve better than 5% detection. A liquid scintillator detector has sensitivity into the normal hierarchy region for Majorana neutrinos with half-life sensitivity of ${T}_{1/2}^{0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}}g1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{28}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{years}$ at 90% C.L. for 10 years of data taking with a Te-loaded target.
Published: 2020
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25. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: P. Sorensen, J. C. Davis, J. J. Silk, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, E. Holtom, T. J. Anderson, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, V.V. Sosnovtsev, J. J. Cherwinka, V. B. Francis, A. Naylor, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, P. Beltrame, X. Xiang, A. Manalaysay, P. R. Scovell, D. Q. Huang, Ethan Bernard, B. P. Tennyson, Yue Meng, I. B. Peterson, A. Cottle, A. Biekert, A. Kamaha, M. S. Witherell, R. Studley, M. E. Monzani, J. S. Campbell, Alexander Bolozdynya, C. Chiller, M. G. D. van der Grinten, Matthew Szydagis, C. O. Vuosalo, M. Tan, E. H. Miller, V. Bugaev, B. Boxer, R. Coughlen, J. Liao, I. Stancu, L. de Viveiros, P. MarrLaundrie, A. Lambert, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Michael Schubnell, A. Piepke, S. Greenwood, J. P. Coleman, A. Geffre, D. Bauer, G. W. Shutt, W. H. Lippincott, Y. Qie, Dongming Mei, L. Sabarots, S. Hans, Bhawna Gomber, W. Skulski, J. A. Nikkel, S. A. Hertel, A. Arbuckle, F.-T. Liao, S. R. Eriksen, Daniel McKinsey, E. Druszkiewicz, Jilei Xu, P. Sutcliffe, H. J. Rose, C. Nehrkorn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, B. Landerud, Martin Breidenbach, D. Molash, Candace Lynch, W. G. Jones, M. A. Olevitch, Ian S. Young, M. Sarychev, B. N. Edwards, A. Pagac, L. Tvrznikova, P. Ford, S. Luitz, T. J. R. Davison, D. Pagenkopf, P. Majewski, G. Gregerson, Chao Zhang, Mary Severson, A. Currie, Ross G. White, Carl Gwilliam, S. J. Patton, A. J. Bailey, David Colling, Minfang Yeh, K. Wilson, P. Rossiter, S. Alsum, G. Pereira, V. M. Gehman, A. Dushkin, I. Khurana, Richard J. Smith, Benjamin Krikler, N. Marangou, John Heise, C. Loniewski, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, D. Yu. Akimov, E. Mizrachi, C. Levy, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, X. Bai, J. Johnson, J. O'Dell, W. T. Kim, S. Weatherly, L. Wang, P. Johnson, Elena Korolkova, S. Pierson, W. T. Emmet, K. Stifter, B. Birrittella, T. Tope, A. Richards, Yufeng Wang, Ren-Jie Wang, J. Genovesi, C. Maupin, Kathrin C. Walker, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Eli Gibson, Yeongduk Kim, W. Turner, S. D. Worm, E. M. Boulton, G. Rutherford, S. Kyre, J. Mock, Seth Hillbrand, D. White, Q. Xiao, Sridhara Dasu, R. Leonard, J. Y.K. Hor, B. Holbrook, C. Nedlik, S. Fiorucci, J. Keefner, J. Kras, J. Yin, F. Froborg, F. Neves, D. Khaitan, S. J. Haselschwardt, L. Oxborough, D.S. Hamilton, O. Hitchcock, J.P. da Cunha, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, I. Olcina, David Leonard, A. Bhatti, U. Utku, W. J. Wisniewski, S. Powell, M. Pangilinan, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Barthel, D. Naim, D. Hemer, M. Timalsina, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, S. Shaw, J. A. Morad, N. Swanson, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Nesbit, W.L. Waldron, J. E. Y. Dobson, J. Busenitz, C. R. Hall, N. Stern, C. Rhyne, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, O. Jahangir, B. G. Lenardo, D. Temples, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, A. Vaitkus, D. Garcia, S. Kravitz, T. G. Gonda, M. Elnimr, K. Pushkin, M. Horn, Kareem Kazkaz, H. Kraus, J. Li, C. H. Faham, T.M. Stiegler, A. Monte, C. D. Kocher, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. Ghag, J. E. Armstrong, H. S. Lee, W. R. Edwards, K. J. Palladino, T. Benson, J. H. Buckley, Z. J. Minaker, Carl W. Akerlof, R. Bunker, M. Solmaz, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, J. M. Lyle, C. E. Dahl, E. Morrison, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, H.J. Krebs, J. So, S. Branson, Peter Bauer, H. Auyeung, D. Seymour, Michele Cascella, A. A. Chiller, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, R. Liu, M. Khaleeq, N. Decheine, M. N. Irving, Yunpeng Liu, S. Uvarov, J. McLaughlin, A. R. Smith, S. Dardin, J. Thomson, K. Sundarnath, Robert A. Taylor, Ben Carlson, T. Harrington, C. T. McConnell, E. K. Pease, A. Greenall, T. J. Whitis, M. F. Marzioni, C. Silva, V. Kasey, D. Rynders, R. C. Webb, J. Palmer, P. Brás, V. N. Solovov, T.J. Martin, R. Conley, P. A. Terman, A. Tomás, B. Lopez Paredes, K. E. Boast, J. T. White, D. Markley, A. Konovalov, A. Lindote, A. Alquahtani, L. Reichhart, D.C. Malling, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, E. Leason, Juhyeong Lee, D. Curran, Henning Flaecher, S. Balashov, A.V. Khromov, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Migneault, A. V. Kumpan, Simon Fayer, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, R. Linehan, M. Arthurs, S. Stephenson, V. M. Palmaccio, N. I. Chott, M.R. Stark, Duncan Carlsmith, Wenzhao Wei, M. Utes, Laura Manenti, A. Stevens, D. J. Taylor, R. E. Smith, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Walcott, C. M. Ignarra, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, M. Racine, A. Fan, Bjoern Penning, J. Va’vra, A. Harrison, H. Oh, J. Makkinje, W. Ji, R. Rucinski, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, D. Santone, E. Voirin, R.M. Gerhard, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, X. Liu, R. Gelfand, T. Vietanen, A. Nilima, R. M. Preece, A. Laundrie, Mikkel B. Johnson, K. Hanzel, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, M.J. Barry, K. O’Sullivan, D. Lucero, A. C. Kaboth, R. L. Mannino, J. D. Wolfs, J. Lin, C. Pereira, N. Angelides, S. Gokhale, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, I. M. Fogarty Florang, J. Edwards, S. N. Jeffery, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, R. Bramante, T. Fruth, T. J. Sumner, W. H. To, Wolfgang Lorenzon, J. R. Bensinger, J. J. Wang, D. Woodward, C. Hasselkus, K. Skarpaas, D. R. Tiedt, D. S. Akerib, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 0299 Other Physical Sciences, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, LEAD, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Low energy, Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Science & Technology, Underground, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Physics, Dark matter detector, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Neutron capture, Physics, Nuclear, chemistry, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Liquid xenon, EMISSION, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2019
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26. Extraction of the U235 and Pu239 Antineutrino Spectra at Daya Bay

Author: W. Wang, J. Park, Yuman Wang, S. Zeng, W. Q. Gu, Y. B. Hsiung, J. H. C. Lee, Hongzhao Yu, J. K. C. Leung, Minfang Yeh, Hanxiong Huang, L. Kang, V. Pec, S. Hans, Patrick Huber, S. H. Kettell, X. B. Ma, M. Qi, Yongzhu Chen, Alexander Olshevskiy, M. Bishai, Baobiao Yue, Jingyuan Guo, Jen-Chieh Peng, S. J. Patton, X. T. Zhang, Yunzhe Liu, J. Dove, Yuda Zeng, Miao He, H. H. Zhang, J. J. Ling, E. T. Worcester, M. V. Diwan, Shengxin Lin, Maxim Gonchar, Honghan Gong, F. Z. Qi, Michael Kramer, F. Li, B. Z. Hu, X. Q. Li, Xinglong Li, W. J. Wu, R. D. McKeown, H. L. Zhuang, R. A. Johnson, W. H. Tse, Vit Vorobel, Z. Y. Yu, Z. K. Cheng, Z. P. Zhang, D. C. Jones, Wei Li, A. B. Balantekin, Yuhang Guo, Y. Z. Yang, R. T. Lei, D. M. Xia, Siew Cheng Wong, Jiaheng Zou, Tadeas Dohnal, Jiawen Zhang, N. Dash, L. S. Littenberg, H. S. Chen, Y. X. Zhang, Yinhong Zhang, J. P. Cummings, Z. Guo, Jianrun Hu, Zhiyong Zhang, B. Roskovec, S. Kohn, X. C. Ruan, Rui Zhang, X. H. Guo, Xiaolu Ji, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, M. Dvořák, C. H. Wang, Feiyang Zhang, Kam-Biu Luk, K. M. Heeger, D. Cao, K. T. McDonald, Z. B. Li, J. J. Cherwinka, X. L. Ji, Richard Rosero, R. W. Hackenburg, D. E. Jaffe, Z. Wang, Yanhui Liu, N. Raper, Haifeng Li, E. Naumova, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Guey-Lin Lin, Jonathan S. Lu, Y. K. Hor, Lin Yang, J. M. Link, T. Hu, Y. Y. Ding, H. R. Band, Zhijian Zhang, Jianglai Liu, H. Liang, Yixue Chen, B. R. Littlejohn, K. Treskov, K. Whisnant, R. G. Wang, Shanfeng Li, J. Cheng, Jinmei Liu, Jing Zhao, Li Zhou, D. A. Dwyer, J. L. Sun, T. J. Langford, D. Adey, Yaoyu Zhang, Y. B. Huang, C. Li, Xin Qian, Liang Zhan, Simon Blyth, M. Z. Wang, S. Li, Ming Chung Chu, X. Y. Ma, Y. H. Chang, Guanghua Gong, Jing Wang, Chi Lin, L. Mora Lepin, Fengpeng An, Christopher L. Marshall, J. F. Chang, I. Mitchell, Artem Chukanov, Lawrence Pinsky, N. Y. Wang, B. Viren, Qingmin Zhang, A. Higuera, X. T. Huang, C. G. Yang, L. Guo, Zhi-zhong Xing, Chao Zhang, C. C. Zhang, L. H. Wei, Jinjuan Ren, Q. J. Li, Mengsu Yang, C. Lu, J. L. Xu, Christopher G. White, Qinglong Wu, Jim Napolitano, J. Lee, Tian Xue, Liangjian Wen, H. Y. Wei, Y. K. Heng, Guofu Cao, H. M. Steiner, H. L. H. Wong, Y. Q. Ma, H. R. Pan, C. E. Tull, F. S. Deng, M. Ye, Bing-Lin Young, Yufeng Li, K. L. Jen, Z. M. Wang, Chun S. J. Pun, Zhuojun Hu, Shaomin Chen, Jun Cao, S. F. Li, Dmitry V. Naumov, L. W. Koerner, X. Wang, Haoqi Lu, Y. F. Wang, Rupert Leitner, and X.F. Zhang
Subjects: Physics, Semileptonic decay, Isotope, Fission, General Physics and Astronomy, Inverse, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: This Letter reports the first extraction of individual antineutrino spectra from ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu fission and an improved measurement of the prompt energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos at Daya Bay. The analysis uses 3.5×10^{6} inverse beta-decay candidates in four near antineutrino detectors in 1958 days. The individual antineutrino spectra of the two dominant isotopes, ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu, are extracted using the evolution of the prompt spectrum as a function of the isotope fission fractions. In the energy window of 4-6 MeV, a 7% (9%) excess of events is observed for the ^{235}U (^{239}Pu) spectrum compared with the normalized Huber-Mueller model prediction. The significance of discrepancy is 4.0σ for ^{235}U spectral shape compared with the Huber-Mueller model prediction. The shape of the measured inverse beta-decay prompt energy spectrum disagrees with the prediction of the Huber-Mueller model at 5.3σ. In the energy range of 4-6 MeV, a maximal local discrepancy of 6.3σ is observed.
Published: 2019
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27. Improved measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux at Daya Bay

Author: Yinhong Zhang, J. P. Cummings, Z. Guo, X. L. Ji, H. S. Chen, K. T. McDonald, H. Y. Wei, F. S. Deng, Christopher L. Marshall, J. F. Chang, Jing Wang, S. K. Lin, F. Li, Z. K. Cheng, Z. P. Zhang, Y. Malyshkin, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, Bing-Lin Young, W. H. Tse, C. Lu, T. Wise, M. Qi, J. J. Cherwinka, Li Zhou, Lin Yang, N. Raper, Jinmei Liu, Jing Zhao, S. Li, Jianglai Liu, X. Y. Ma, Yang Yang, H. R. Band, I. Mitchell, Yi Chen, Artem Chukanov, Michael Kramer, K. M. Heeger, Y. Chang, B. Z. Hu, Lawrence Pinsky, Chun S. J. Pun, Zhuojun Hu, Chang-Wei Loh, L. Mora Lepin, S. Kohn, Shanfeng Li, C. Li, H. Liang, Yixue Chen, S. J. Patton, Hongliang Li, L. Lebanowski, Y. Y. Ding, W. R. Edwards, Shaomin Chen, Jun Cao, Xiao-yan Li, A. Higuera, C. G. Yang, E. Naumova, D. A. Dwyer, W. Wang, J. M. Link, T. J. Langford, H. L. Zhuang, Rupert Leitner, Zhi-zhong Xing, Christopher G. White, Jinjuan Ren, Y. C. Lin, T. Hu, S. F. Li, Q. J. Li, Y. L. Chan, L. W. Koerner, H. M. Steiner, X.F. Zhang, X. Wang, M. Ye, Dmitry V. Naumov, Y. B. Hsiung, M. T. Yang, Haoqi Lu, Minfang Yeh, Y. F. Wang, Y. Q. Ma, M. V. Diwan, Honghan Gong, D. C. Jones, R. M. Qiu, X. Q. Li, Haijun Yang, Baobiao Yue, J. Park, B. R. Littlejohn, W. J. Wu, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, W. Gu, Jia Xu, Yufeng Li, K. L. Jen, Yuhang Guo, Siew Cheng Wong, A. B. Balantekin, R. D. McKeown, R. G. Wang, Jiaheng Zou, Z. M. Wang, Wenju Huo, N. Y. Wang, Liang Zhan, B. Viren, Patrick Huber, Yaoyu Zhang, Y. B. Huang, X. T. Zhang, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Shengxin Lin, Miao He, Yunzhe Liu, S. H. Kettell, X. B. Ma, Richard Rosero, Simon Blyth, M. Z. Wang, Ming Chung Chu, Maxim Gonchar, L. H. Wei, G. Hussain, R. A. Johnson, Yang Liu, Rui Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, J. H. C. Lee, Hongzhao Yu, Hanxiong Huang, L. Kang, K. Whisnant, Guey-Lin Lin, Jonathan S. Lu, J. Cheng, J. K. C. Leung, Chunjie Wang, Z. Y. Yu, R. W. Hackenburg, L. Guo, Qinglong Wu, Kam Biu Luk, H. H. Zhang, Tian Xue, Z. Wang, Chao Zhang, Y. K. Heng, Zhibing Li, Jen-Chieh Peng, H. R. Pan, J. Dove, X. C. Ruan, Guanghua Gong, C. E. Tull, Chi Lin, D. Adey, Xiaohui Qian, J. Lee, S. Zeng, M. Dolgareva, H. L. H. Wong, J. L. Sun, E. T. Worcester, F. Z. Qi, Xiaolu Ji, B. Roskovec, D. M. Xia, X. H. Guo, P. Zheng, Feiyang Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, D. Cao, R. T. Lei, D. E. Jaffe, Alexander Olshevskiy, Jim Napolitano, J. J. Ling, Zhijian Zhang, K. Treskov, F. P. An, Y. X. Zhang, C. C. Zhang, Xingtao Huang, M. Bishai, L. S. Littenberg, V. Pec, S. Hans, Mengsu Yang, Vit Vorobel, Wei Li, and Zhiyong Zhang
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Fission, Daya bay, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Detailed data, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Yield ratio, Neutron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det
Abstract: This work reports a precise measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux using 2.2 million inverse beta decay (IBD) events collected with the Daya Bay near detectors in 1230 days. The dominant uncertainty on the neutron detection efficiency is reduced by 56% with respect to the previous measurement through a comprehensive neutron calibration and detailed data and simulation analysis. The new average IBD yield is determined to be $(5.91\pm0.09)\times10^{-43}~\rm{cm}^2/\rm{fission}$ with total uncertainty improved by 29%. The corresponding mean fission fractions from the four main fission isotopes $^{235}$U, $^{238}$U, $^{239}$Pu, and $^{241}$Pu are 0.564, 0.076, 0.304, and 0.056, respectively. The ratio of measured to predicted antineutrino yield is found to be $0.952\pm0.014\pm0.023$ ($1.001\pm0.015\pm0.027$) for the Huber-Mueller (ILL-Vogel) model, where the first and second uncertainty are experimental and theoretical model uncertainty, respectively. This measurement confirms the discrepancy between the world average of reactor antineutrino flux and the Huber-Mueller model., 10 pages, 9 figures, and 2 tables
Published: 2019

28. Measurement of the Antineutrino Spectrum from U235 Fission at HFIR with PROSPECT

Author: D. Davee, G. Deichert, D. Norcini, Michael Febbraro, R. L. Varner, J. M. Minock, M. V. Diwan, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, A. B. Hansell, X. Zhang, B. Viren, J. T. Matta, Hans P. Mumm, H. R. Band, B. T. Foust, A. Galindo-Uribarri, Anna Erickson, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Nikkel, J. Wilhelmi, Y-R Yen, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, J. J. Cherwinka, A. B. Balantekin, S. Nour, K. Gilje, T. Wise, C. E. Gilbert, P. T. Surukuchi, S. Hans, D. Berish, O. Kyzylova, K. M. Heeger, D. E. Jaffe, C. D. Bryan, M. J. Dolinski, E. Romero-Romero, Aiwu Zhang, A. J. Conant, R. Neilson, J. LaRosa, P. E. Mueller, M. A. Tyra, Richard Rosero, Jim Napolitano, Denis E. Bergeron, D. J. Dean, Dmitry A. Pushin, Minfang Yeh, C.D. Bass, R. D. McKeown, B. T. Hackett, Xin Lu, Andrew A. Cox, Xiaolu Ji, J. K. Gaison, J. P. Brodsky, Xin Qian, T. Classen, Dusan Sarenac, A. B. Telles, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, C. E. Lane, T. J. Langford, Christopher G. White, J. Ashenfelter, and Nathaniel Bowden
Subjects: Semileptonic decay, Physics, Fission, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Inverse, Uranium, Enriched uranium, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Energy (signal processing), High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: This Letter reports the first measurement of the ^{235}U ν[over ¯]_{e} energy spectrum by PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum experiment, operating 7.9 m from the 85 MW_{th} highly enriched uranium (HEU) High Flux Isotope Reactor. With a surface-based, segmented detector, PROSPECT has observed 31678±304(stat) ν[over ¯]_{e}-induced inverse beta decays, the largest sample from HEU fission to date, 99% of which are attributed to ^{235}U. Despite broad agreement, comparison of the Huber ^{235}U model to the measured spectrum produces a χ^{2}/ndf=51.4/31, driven primarily by deviations in two localized energy regions. The measured ^{235}U spectrum shape is consistent with a deviation relative to prediction equal in size to that observed at low-enriched uranium power reactors in the ν[over ¯]_{e} energy region of 5-7 MeV.
Published: 2019
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29. The Radioactive Source Calibration System of the PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Detector

Author: R. Rosero, Denis E. Bergeron, T. J. Langford, R. L. Varner, R. D. McKeown, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, J. Ashenfelter, M. V. Diwan, Xin Qian, Nathaniel Bowden, X. Lu, Aiwu Zhang, J. Wilhelmi, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, D. Norcini, J. T. Matta, A. B. Telles, Y-R Yen, G. Deichert, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, Hans P. Mumm, Jim Napolitano, C.E. Gilbert, J. P. Brodsky, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, J. J. Cherwinka, R. Neilson, A. B. Hansell, K. M. Heeger, P. E. Mueller, B. Hackett, H. R. Band, B. T. Foust, S. Hans, C. E. Lane, X. Zhang, Dmitry A. Pushin, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, E. Romero-Romero, J. LaRosa, D. E. Jaffe, Minfang Yeh, S. Nour, P. T. Surukuchi, J. A. Nikkel, Anna Erickson, T. Wise, D. Berish, Christopher G. White, T. Classen, Dusan Sarenac, M. A. Tyra, Michael Febbraro, B. Viren, C. D. Bryan, A. J. Conant, J. K. Gaison, and D. J. Dean
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Radioactive source, Nuclear engineering, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Physics::Geophysics, law, Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum (PROSPECT) Experiment is a reactor neutrino experiment designed to search for sterile neutrinos with a mass on the order of 1 eV/c$^2$ and to measure the spectrum of electron antineutrinos from a highly-enriched $^{235}$U nuclear reactor. The PROSPECT detector consists of an 11 by 14 array of optical segments in $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Antineutrino events are identified via inverse beta decay and read out by photomultiplier tubes located at the ends of each segment. The detector response is characterized using a radioactive source calibration system. This paper describes the design, operation, and performance of the PROSPECT source calibration system.
Published: 2019

30. Measurement of the B8 solar neutrino flux in SNO+ with very low backgrounds

Author: Jeffrey Hartnell, Laura Lee Kormos, Valentina Lozza, Simon Peeters, Teal Pershing, Nuno Barros, Janet Rumleskie, Benjamin Land, Eric Vázquez-Jáuregui, Ian Lam, Jeanne Wilson, Minfang Yeh, Jose Maneira, Aobo Li, Francesca Di Lodovico, Jan J. Weigand, Vincent Fischer, Helen Mary O'Keeffe, Fernando Barao, Benjamin Tam, José Luis Hernández Hernández, Javier Caravaca Rodriguez, Sofia Andringa, Tanner Kaptanoglu, Josephine Paton, Andrew Mastbaum, Ryan Bayes, and Ana Sofia Inácio
Subjects: Elastic scattering, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Solar neutrino, Detector, Phase (waves), Flux, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Event (particle physics)
Abstract: A measurement of the 8B solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector’s deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is 0.25+0.09−0.07 events/kt−day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is 1.03+0.13−0.12 events/kt−day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of 2.53+0.31−0.28(stat)+0.13−0.10(syst)×106 cm−2 s−1, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments.
Published: 2019
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31. Rejection of Alpha Surface Background in Non-scintillating Bolometric Detectors: The ABSuRD Project

Author: C. Bucci, C. Brofferio, P. Gorla, Lucia Canonica, M. L. Di Vacri, Minfang Yeh, M. Biassoni, M. Pavan, Biassoni, M, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Canonica, L, di Vacri, M, Gorla, P, Pavan, M, and Yeh, M
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Rare events, General Materials Science, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Scintillation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Detector, Thermal detector, Condensed Matter Physics, Surface background, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Scintillation counter, Alpha decay, business
Abstract: Due to their excellent energy resolution values and the vast choice of possible materials, bolometric detectors are currently widely used in the physics of rare events. A limiting aspect for bolometers rises from their inability to discriminate among radiation types or surface from bulk events. It has been demonstrated that the main limitation to sensitivity for purely bolometric detectors is represented by surface alpha contaminations, causing a continuous background that cannot be discriminated. A new scintillation-based technique for the rejection of surface alpha background in non-scintillating bolometric experiments is proposed in this work. The idea is to combine a scintillating and a high sensitivity photon detector with a non-scintillating absorber. We present results showing the possibility to reject events due to alpha decay at or nearby the surface of the crystal.
Published: 2016
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32. Light yield quenching and quenching remediation in liquid scintillator detectors

Author: C. Camilo Reyes, J.B. Cumming, Minfang Yeh, S. Gokhale, R. Diaz Perez, R. Rosero, and S. Hans
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Environmental remediation, High Energy Physics::Lattice, FOS: Physical sciences, Salt (chemistry), Scintillator, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Quenching (fluorescence), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), NMR spectra database, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Light emission
Abstract: Quenching of light emission from an LAB based scintillator by the addition of organic amines and carboxylic acids is examined. Chemical functional groups of the quenching agents play an important role in this reduction. It is shown that "salt" formation at a 1:1 mole ratio in a mixed amine-acid system, reduces quenching by a factor of 2. Supporting NMR spectra are presented. This "quenching neutralization" has the potential to reduce the light loss incurred when metals complexed with quenching agents are loaded into organic scintillators.
Published: 2020
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33. Measurement of the Electron Antineutrino Oscillation with 1958 Days of Operation at Daya Bay

Author: Hongzhao Yu, Hanxiong Huang, L. Kang, J. K. C. Leung, Yanchu Wang, Li Zhou, Alexander Olshevskiy, D. Cao, S. H. Kettell, Miao He, J. J. Ling, S. J. Patton, D. E. Jaffe, Christopher G. White, X. B. Ma, Xingtao Huang, M. Bishai, Jinjuan Ren, Y. L. Chan, H. R. Band, H. Liang, Yixue Chen, H. L. Zhuang, S. Kohn, E. T. Worcester, M. Ye, Wenxiao Wang, Haifeng Li, F. Z. Qi, Jen-Chieh Peng, L. S. Littenberg, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, T. Wise, Maxim Gonchar, Yanping Huang, R. T. Lei, Y. C. Lin, W. R. Edwards, D. Taychenachev, R. A. Johnson, G. Hussain, X. L. Ji, V. Vorobel, Jianrun Hu, Patrick Huber, X. Wang, Qingmin Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Quanyin Li, Yinhong Zhang, Minfang Yeh, Chang-Wei Loh, B. R. Littlejohn, Xiaolu Ji, D. M. Xia, H. Y. Wei, F. S. Deng, X. T. Zhang, Z. Guo, B. Roskovec, R. Zhang, L. Lebanowski, Y. Y. Ding, Shengxin Lin, Z. K. Cheng, Z. P. Zhang, Jianglai Liu, Bing-Lin Young, Xiaohui Qian, D. Adey, Jim Napolitano, J. Lee, Honghan Gong, Yaoyu Zhang, Yang Yang, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, S. Zeng, M. Dolgareva, Michael Kramer, L. Mora Lepin, Y. H. Chang, E. Naumova, D. A. Dwyer, K. T. McDonald, H. L. H. Wong, T. J. Langford, Guey-Lin Lin, Jonathan S. Lu, Baobiao Yue, X.F. Zhang, Xiao-yan Li, A. Higuera, Zhi-zhong Xing, C. H. Wang, H. M. Steiner, X. C. Ruan, Huijun Zhang, P. Zheng, Feiyang Zhang, Haijun Yang, L. Guo, R. G. Wang, M. Qi, W. J. Wu, Siew Cheng Wong, R. D. McKeown, Ye Chen, Chao Zhang, J. Park, Liang Zhan, Changjian Lin, Yang Heng, Jiaheng Zou, Mengsu Yang, Haonan Lu, Shanfeng Li, H. R. Pan, T. Hu, Xiaohu Guo, M. T. Yang, J. H. C. Lee, B. Z. Hu, F. Li, Yunzhe Liu, C. E. Tull, W. H. Tse, Christopher L. Marshall, J. F. Chang, W. Gu, Z. Y. Yu, D. C. Jones, Zhibing Li, Yufeng Li, J. M. Link, J. P. Cummings, A. B. Balantekin, Rupert Leitner, Changgen Yang, K. M. Heeger, K. L. Jen, Jing Wang, C. Lu, J. L. Xu, Wenju Huo, S. K. Lin, Y. Malyshkin, Liangjian Wen, Guofu Cao, Qinglong Wu, Kam Biu Luk, Chun S. J. Pun, Artem Chukanov, Lawrence Pinsky, Zhuojun Hu, Shaomin Chen, Jun Cao, J. L. Sun, S. F. Li, Tian Xue, Y. X. Zhang, Simon Blyth, Dmitry V. Naumov, M. Z. Wang, Ming Chung Chu, C. Li, Richard Rosero, W. Tang, N. Y. Wang, B. Viren, L. H. Wei, Z. M. Wang, Yanhui Ma, K. Whisnant, J. Cheng, Yanlin Liu, Wei Li, Zhijian Zhang, K. Treskov, Zhiyong Zhang, F. P. An, C. C. Zhang, Hucheng Chen, V. Pec, S. Hans, R. W. Hackenburg, Z. Wang, Guanghua Gong, J. J. Cherwinka, N. Raper, L. W. Koerner, Yicheng Guo, Y. B. Hsiung, M. V. Diwan, R. M. Qiu, X. Q. Li, Lin Yang, Jinmei Liu, Jing Zhao, S. Li, X. Y. Ma, and I. Mitchell
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Oscillation, hep-ex, Daya bay, General Physics and Astronomy, Inverse, FOS: Physical sciences, Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Electron neutrino, physics.ins-det, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: We report a measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment with nearly 4 million reactor $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ inverse beta decay candidates observed over 1958 days of data collection. The installation of a Flash-ADC readout system and a special calibration campaign using different source enclosures reduce uncertainties in the absolute energy calibration to less than 0.5% for visible energies larger than 2 MeV. The uncertainty in the cosmogenic $^9$Li and $^8$He background is reduced from 45% to 30% in the near detectors. A detailed investigation of the spent nuclear fuel history improves its uncertainty from 100% to 30%. Analysis of the relative $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ rates and energy spectra among detectors yields $\sin^{2}2\theta_{13} = 0.0856\pm 0.0029$ and $\Delta m^2_{32}=(2.471^{+0.068}_{-0.070})\times 10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV}^2$ assuming the normal hierarchy, and $\Delta m^2_{32}=-(2.575^{+0.068}_{-0.070})\times 10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV}^2$ assuming the inverted hierarchy., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table. v4: the published version
Published: 2018

34. Improving Light Yield Measurements for Low-Yield Scintillators

Author: J.B. Cumming, S. Hans, and Minfang Yeh
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Derivative, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Yield (chemistry), 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Light power spectra are introduced as a new tool for relative light yield (LY) determinations. Light event spectra have commonly been used for this purpose. Theoretical background supporting this change is provided. It is shown that the derivative of a light power spectrum can provide a reliable LY measurement at levels as low as 2% of those for high-yield liquid scintillators . Applications to light evolution in the PPO+LAB system and to water-based liquid scintillators are described.
Published: 2018

35. Temperature quenching in LAB based liquid scintillator

Author: B. v. Krosigk, Andreas Wagner, V. Lozza, T. Kögler, S. Hans, Minfang Yeh, Kai Zuber, A. Sörensen, and Arnd R. Junghans
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, lcsh:Astrophysics, Electron, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Samarium, chemistry, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Sensitivity (control systems), Triplet state, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Temperature coefficient
Abstract: The effect of temperature changes on the light output of LAB based liquid scintillator is investigated in a range from $$-5$$ to $$30\,^{\circ }$$ C with $$\alpha $$ -particles and electrons in a small scale setup. Two PMTs observe the scintillator liquid inside a cylindrically shaped aluminum cuvette that is heated or cooled and the temperature dependent PMT sensitivity is monitored and corrected. The $$\alpha $$ -emitting isotopes in dissolved radon gas and in natural Samarium (bound to a LAB solution) excite the liquid scintillator mixtures and changes in light output with temperature variation are observed by fitting light output spectra. Furthermore, also changes in light output by compton electrons, which are generated from external calibration $$\gamma $$ -ray sources, is analysed with varying temperature. Assuming a linear behaviour, a combined negative temperature coefficient of $${(-0.29 \pm 0.01)}{\,\%/^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ is found. Considering hints for a particle type dependency, electrons show $${(-0.17 \pm 0.02)}{\,\%/^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ , whereas the temperature dependency seems stronger for $$\alpha $$ -particles, with $${(-0.35 \pm 0.03)}{\,\%/^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ . Due to a high sampling rate, a pulse shape analysis can be performed and shows an enhanced slow decay component at lower temperatures, pointing to reduced non-radiative triplet state de-excitations.
Published: 2018

36. Seasonal variation of the underground cosmic muon flux observed at Daya Bay

Author: T. J. Langford, K. V. Tsang, H. M. Steiner, Y. Q. Ma, Artem Chukanov, Lawrence Pinsky, Michael Kramer, J. J. Cherwinka, Patrick Huber, S. J. Patton, W. Q. Gu, X. T. Zhang, Qinglong Wu, S. H. Kettell, X. B. Ma, Shengxin Lin, A. Khan, Tian Xue, W. J. Wu, Chang-Wei Loh, R. D. McKeown, Xiaohu Guo, Richard Rosero, L. Lebanowski, H. L. Zhuang, Y. K. Heng, Y. Y. Ding, M. Ye, T. Wise, J. F. Chang, M. Qi, Alexander Olshevskiy, M. T. Yang, Maxim Gonchar, D. C. Jones, D. Taychenachev, S. Hans, Changgen Yang, K. Whisnant, J. Cheng, E. T. Worcester, Y. Xu, E. C. Huang, A. B. Balantekin, G. Hussain, Y. Nakajima, H. S. Chen, C. Li, W. Tang, K. K. Kwan, Y. L. Chan, F. Z. Qi, Chun S. J. Pun, R. A. Johnson, M. W. Kwok, N. Y. Wang, C. Lu, B. Viren, J. J. Ling, Shaomin Chen, Jun Cao, N. Viaux, J. L. Xu, X. L. Ji, Christopher G. White, B. Z. Hu, Xin Qian, Jiawen Zhang, H. H. Zhang, Minfang Yeh, J. B. Jiao, Vit Vorobel, S. F. Li, W. R. Edwards, Guisen Li, Honghan Gong, Rupert Leitner, Zhijian Zhang, Z. Guo, Dmitry V. Naumov, H. R. Band, C. H. Wang, R. T. Lei, Hanxiong Huang, L. Kang, Xingtao Huang, Yang Yang, Y. C. Lin, B. Roskovec, Xiao-yan Li, K. Treskov, Wei Li, A. Higuera, S. Zeng, J. Park, Jen-Chieh Peng, Siew Cheng Wong, L. H. Whitehead, Zhi-zhong Xing, Z. Y. Yu, X. Wang, Li Zhou, H. Y. Wei, F. P. An, Wenju Huo, Yicheng Guo, K. T. McDonald, Haoqi Lu, H. Liang, Yixue Chen, Jiaheng Zou, Jinjuan Ren, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, M. Bishai, J. H. C. Lee, Haijun Yang, Q. J. Li, Dejun Li, Y. F. Wang, Yi Chen, Y. B. Hsiung, Shanfeng Li, Bing-Lin Young, J. Dove, B. R. Littlejohn, Wei Wang, C. C. Zhang, C. H. Wu, M. V. Diwan, L. S. Littenberg, R. M. Qiu, X. Q. Li, T. Kwok, Guey-Lin Lin, R. W. Hackenburg, R. G. Wang, Z. Wang, Simon Blyth, M. Z. Wang, Ming Chung Chu, Yufeng Li, K. L. Jen, N. Raper, Jonathan S. Lu, Z. Ye, Liang Zhan, Marco Grassi, Miao He, Y. X. Zhang, X. C. Ruan, Kam-Biu Luk, S. K. Lin, L. Guo, Y. H. Chang, F. Li, H. R. Pan, D. M. Xia, Chao Zhang, Z. B. Li, Zhiyong Zhang, S. Jetter, Y. Malyshkin, J. L. Sun, Lin Yang, Z. M. Wang, Jinmei Liu, C. Sebastiani, Liangjian Wen, Jing Zhao, X. Y. Ma, Guofu Cao, I. Mitchell, Jianglai Liu, S. Kohn, D. Cao, Guanghua Gong, C. E. Tull, Z. K. Cheng, Z. P. Zhang, D. E. Jaffe, Chi Lin, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Qingmin Zhang, Q. Y. Chen, Jim Napolitano, Y. M. Zhang, J. M. Link, J. P. Cummings, J. Lee, M. Dolgareva, H. L. H. Wong, Kwong Lau, K. M. Heeger, V. Pec, X. P. Ji, Mengsu Yang, J. K. Xia, T. Hu, H. Y. Ngai, R. L. Gill, E. Naumova, and D. A. Dwyer
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Correlation coefficient, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, cosmic ray experiments, neutrino detectors, neutrino experiments, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, medicine, 010306 general physics, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Seasonality, Atmospheric temperature, medicine.disease, Overburden, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: The Daya Bay Experiment consists of eight identically designed detectors located in three underground experimental halls named as EH1, EH2, EH3, with 250, 265 and 860 meters of water equivalent vertical overburden, respectively. Cosmic muon events have been recorded over a two-year period. The underground muon rate is observed to be positively correlated with the effective atmospheric temperature and to follow a seasonal modulation pattern. The correlation coefficient $\alpha$, describing how a variation in the muon rate relates to a variation in the effective atmospheric temperature, is found to be $\alpha_{\text{EH1}} = 0.362\pm0.031$, $\alpha_{\text{EH2}} = 0.433\pm0.038$ and $\alpha_{\text{EH3}} = 0.641\pm0.057$ for each experimental hall., Comment: Updated to be identical to the published version
Published: 2018

37. Performance of a segmented $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator detector for the PROSPECT experiment

Author: Dmitry A. Pushin, M. A. Tyra, C. E. Lane, J. P. Brodsky, R. Rosero, Minfang Yeh, Denis E. Bergeron, T. J. Langford, Chao Zhang, M. P. Mendenhall, R. D. McKeown, A. B. Hansell, H. R. Band, S. Nour, Anna Erickson, J. Ashenfelter, D. Norcini, J. J. Cherwinka, T. Wise, D. Berish, K. Gilje, Hans P. Mumm, J. Wilhelmi, Christopher G. White, T. Classen, P. E. Mueller, M. V. Diwan, B. T. Foust, R. Neilson, D. Davee, Nathaniel Bowden, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, F. Lopez, B. Hackett, K. M. Heeger, Y-R Yen, Ke Han, Jim Napolitano, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, A. Bykadorova Telles, J. T. Matta, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, A. B. Balantekin, E. Romero-Romero, O. Kyzylova, S. Hans, P. T. Surukuchi, X. Zhang, K. Commeford, G. Deichert, D. E. Jaffe, Aiwu Zhang, J. A. Nikkel, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, J. M. Wagner, A. J. Conant, J. K. Gaison, B. Heffron, Xin Qian, C. Trinh, J. LaRosa, C. D. Bryan, and J. M. Minock
Subjects: Scintillation, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Attenuation length, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Neutron capture, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Recoil, Neutrino detector, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron detection, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: This paper describes the design and performance of a 50 liter, two-segment $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator detector that was designed and operated as prototype for the PROSPECT (Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum) Experiment. The two-segment detector was constructed according to the design specifications of the experiment. It features low-mass optical separators, an integrated source and optical calibration system, and materials that are compatible with the $^{6}$Li-doped scintillator developed by PROSPECT. We demonstrate a high light collection of 850$\pm$20 PE/MeV, an energy resolution of $\sigma$ = 4.0$\pm$0.2% at 1 MeV, and efficient pulse-shape discrimination of low $dE/dx$ (electronic recoil) and high $dE/dx$ (nuclear recoil) energy depositions. An effective scintillation attenuation length of 85$\pm$3 cm is measured in each segment. The 0.1% by mass concentration of $^{6}$Li in the scintillator results in a measured neutron capture time of $\tau$ = 42.8$\pm$0.2 $\mu s$. The long-term stability of the scintillator is also discussed. The detector response meets the criteria necessary for achieving the PROSPECT physics goals and demonstrates features that may find application in fast neutron detection., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures; minor edits to design detail and references
Published: 2018
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38. First search for short-baseline neutrino oscillations at HFIR with PROSPECT

Author: R. Neilson, Lindsey J. Bignell, D. E. Jaffe, J. A. Nikkel, J. J. Cherwinka, K. Gilje, C. E. Gilbert, D. Davee, R. L. Varner, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, Minfang Yeh, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, K. Koehler, C. D. Bryan, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, B. Heffron, H. R. Band, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, A. B. Hansell, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, D. Norcini, A. Bykadorova Telles, R. Sharma, J. LaRosa, J. M. Wagner, C. E. Lane, B. T. Foust, C. Baldenegro, Xin Lu, G. Deichert, P. T. Surukuchi, D. J. Dean, H. Yao, Dusan Sarenac, Michael Febbraro, Ke Han, J. P. Brodsky, R. Rosero, J. Wilhelmi, Andrew A. Cox, M. V. Diwan, Jim Napolitano, Denis E. Bergeron, B. Viren, B. R. White, Aiwu Zhang, Hans P. Mumm, J. Bricco, R. D. McKeown, Chao Zhang, K. Commeford, M. P. Mendenhall, Christopher G. White, Wei Wang, J. T. Matta, T. Classen, F. Lopez, K. M. Heeger, X. Zhang, H. J. Miller, T. J. Langford, J. Ashenfelter, X. Ji, Nathaniel Bowden, S. Hans, B. Seilhan, Dmitry A. Pushin, Xin Qian, S. Nour, Anna Erickson, T. Wise, D. Berish, M. A. Tyra, P. E. Mueller, Y-R Yen, A. Glenn, B. T. Hackett, J. K. Gaison, M. Zhao, E. Romero-Romero, A. J. Conant, J. M. Minock, B. W. Goddard, and C. Trinh
Subjects: Physics, Fission products, Sterile neutrino, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Fission, Oscillation, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics::Chemical Physics, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: This Letter reports the first scientific results from the observation of antineutrinos emitted by fission products of $^{235}$U at the High Flux Isotope Reactor. PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, consists of a segmented 4 ton $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillator detector covering a baseline range of 7-9 m from the reactor and operating under less than 1 meter water equivalent overburden. Data collected during 33 live-days of reactor operation at a nominal power of 85 MW yields a detection of 25461 $\pm$ 283 (stat.) inverse beta decays. Observation of reactor antineutrinos can be achieved in PROSPECT at 5$\sigma$ statistical significance within two hours of on-surface reactor-on data-taking. A reactor-model independent analysis of the inverse beta decay prompt energy spectrum as a function of baseline constrains significant portions of the previously allowed sterile neutrino oscillation parameter space at 95% confidence level and disfavors the best fit of the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly at 2.2$\sigma$ confidence level., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; v3: Added additional supplemental files
Published: 2018
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39. The PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Experiment

Author: J. J. Cherwinka, Aiwu Zhang, K. Gilje, G. Deichert, C. Baldenegro, A. Galindo-Uribarri, B. R. Littlejohn, R. Sharma, P. T. Surukuchi, Wei Wang, E. Romero-Romero, D. Norcini, R. L. Varner, K. Commeford, B. Hackett, C. E. Lane, M. Zhao, Minfang Yeh, H. R. Band, A. B. Hansell, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, A. J. Conant, X. Lu, M. V. Diwan, J. M. Minock, B. T. Foust, J. Boyle, Christopher G. White, S. Nour, T. Classen, Anna Erickson, R. Rosero, B. W. Goddard, J. T. Matta, J. K. Gaison, C.E. Gilbert, H. J. Miller, A. Bykadorova Telles, T. Wise, T. J. Langford, D. Berish, Y-R Yen, Denis E. Bergeron, R. Neilson, D. J. Dean, A. Glenn, Michael Febbraro, J. Ashenfelter, R. D. McKeown, B. Viren, Lindsey J. Bignell, Jim Napolitano, J. Bricco, J. P. Brodsky, P. E. Mueller, D. E. Jaffe, M. A. Tyra, X. Ji, Nathaniel Bowden, X. Zhang, J. A. Nikkel, Ke Han, Chao Zhang, H. Yao, C. Trinh, M. P. Mendenhall, C. D. Bryan, K. Koehler, Hans P. Mumm, F. Lopez, D. C. Jones, J. Insler, K. M. Heeger, A. B. Balantekin, O. Kyzylova, Andrew A. Cox, B. R. White, D. Davee, Dusan Sarenac, J. LaRosa, C. D. Bass, M. J. Dolinski, B. Heffron, J. M. Wagner, Xin Qian, J. Wilhelmi, B. Seilhan, Dmitry A. Pushin, and S. Hans
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sterile neutrino, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Oscillation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Parameter space, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, Inverse beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation, High Flux Isotope Reactor
Abstract: The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, is designed to make both a precise measurement of the antineutrino spectrum from a highly-enriched uranium reactor and to probe eV-scale sterile neutrinos by searching for neutrino oscillations over meter-long baselines. PROSPECT utilizes a segmented $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillator detector for both efficient detection of reactor antineutrinos through the inverse beta decay reaction and excellent background discrimination. PROSPECT is a movable 4-ton antineutrino detector covering distances of 7m to 13m from the High Flux Isotope Reactor core. It will probe the best-fit point of the $\bar\nu_e$ disappearance experiments at 4$\sigma$ in 1 year and the favored regions of the sterile neutrino parameter space at more than 3$\sigma$ in 3 years. PROSPECT will test the origin of spectral deviations observed in recent $\theta_{13}$ experiments, search for sterile neutrinos, and address the hypothesis of sterile neutrinos as an explanation of the reactor anomaly. This paper describes the design, construction, and commissioning of PROSPECT and reports first data characterizing the performance of the PROSPECT antineutrino detector., Comment: 30 pages, 33 figures; updated with journal revision and reference
Published: 2018
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40. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment

Author: M. Sarychev, T. K. Edberg, B. Boxer, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, K. J. Palladino, J. H. Buckley, S. Kyre, Simon Fayer, K. Stifter, J.S. Saba, S. Powell, Henrique Araujo, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, J.R. Verbus, U. Utku, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, F. Neves, V. A. Kudryavtsev, W. Skulski, S. Luitz, J. Yin, S. J. Haselschwardt, R. Linehan, C. M. Ignarra, D. J. Taylor, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, J. Lin, S. Fiorucci, Vv. Bugaev, V. N. Solovov, C. D. Kocher, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, Bjoern Penning, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Li, E. H. Miller, P. Rossiter, X. Liu, T. Tope, A. Cottle, W. R. Edwards, R. Taylor, C. Ghag, W.L. Waldron, A. J. Bailey, Carl W. Akerlof, Minfang Yeh, Hoff, J. M. Lyle, Elena Korolkova, C. R. Hall, F.-T. Liao, W. H. Lippincott, Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, A. Piepke, S. Hans, R. L. Mannino, P. Sorensen, A. Manalaysay, T. Benson, S. A. Hertel, E. Voirin, D. Khaitan, Mgd van der Grinten, A. Richards, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, Ethan Bernard, E. Druszkiewicz, H. Kraus, D. Q. Huang, P. Beltrame, W. J. Wisniewski, M. Timalsina, S. Shaw, Yue Meng, J. Y.K. Hor, L. Tvrznikova, A. Murphy, B. G. Lenardo, J. E. Cutter, K.J. Thomas, K. E. Boast, B. N. Ratcliff, T.M. Stiegler, A. Currie, T. J. Whitis, R. M. Preece, J. Va’vra, D. A. Bauer, M. Solmaz, E. Morrison, W. Ji, A. Fan, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. Genovesi, Ian S. Young, Ben Carlson, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, C. E. Dahl, X. Bai, P. Brás, Michael Schubnell, C. Maupin, J. Mock, I. Stancu, Daniel McKinsey, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, A. Lindote, David Leonard, S. Alsum, P. A. Terman, M. E. Monzani, Juhyeong Lee, Matthew Szydagis, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Duncan Carlsmith, S. Balashov, K. T. Lesko, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, C. Rhyne, H.J. Krebs, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, L.D. Viveiros, M. Arthurs, M.R. Stark, A. Tomás, R. C. Webb, D. White, K. O'Sullivan, J. Keefner, J. Liao, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, Peter Majewski, J. J. Cherwinka, D. S. Akerib, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, Wolfgang Lorenzon, W. C. Taylor, K. Hanzel, K. Skarpaas, J. Balajthy, Benjamin Krikler, T. Fruth, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, Yeongduk Kim, W. H. To, S. D. Worm, Seth Hillbrand, Asher Kaboth, D. Woodward, P.R. Scovell, B.L. Paredes, R. W. Schnee, M.I. Lopes, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: BACKGROUNDS, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, GASES, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, Galactic halo, Nuclear physics, XENON, LIMITS, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Recoil, WIMP, RADIOACTIVITY, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, LOADED LIQUID SCINTILLATOR, Physical Sciences, SIMULATION, astro-ph.CO, RECOIL, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, EMISSION, Sensitivity (electronics), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a next generation dark matter direct detection experiment that will operate 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. Using a two-phase xenon detector with an active mass of 7~tonnes, LZ will search primarily for low-energy interactions with Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which are hypothesized to make up the dark matter in our galactic halo. In this paper, the projected WIMP sensitivity of LZ is presented based on the latest background estimates and simulations of the detector. For a 1000~live day run using a 5.6~tonne fiducial mass, LZ is projected to exclude at 90\% confidence level spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$~cm$^{2}$ for a 40~$\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$ mass WIMP. Additionally, a $5\sigma$ discovery potential is projected reaching cross sections below the exclusion limits of recent experiments. For spin-dependent WIMP-neutron(-proton) scattering, a sensitivity of $2.3 \times 10^{-43}$~cm$^{2}$ ($7.1 \times 10^{-42}$~cm$^{2}$) for a 40~$\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$ mass WIMP is expected. With underground installation well underway, LZ is on track for commissioning at SURF in 2020., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2018
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41. Purification of telluric acid for SNO+ neutrinoless double-beta decay search

Author: S. Hans, L. M. Hu, Richard Rosero, S. Guan, W. Beriguete, Minfang Yeh, S. D. Biller, R. J. Ford, O. Chkvorets, A. Wright, Wai Ting Chan, and M. L. Chen
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, MAJORANA, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Impurity, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Tellurium, Instrumentation, Telluric acid
Abstract: Tellurium-130 has the highest natural abundance of any double-beta decay isotopes. Recently it has been developed as a promising candidate for loading in liquid scintillator to explore the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino through a search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ). To this end, procedures have been developed to transfer tellurium ions into the organic liquid by a water-based loading technology. However, traces of naturally occurring radioactivity and cosmic-ray induced isotopes introduced into the scintillator with tellurium could produce undesirable contaminations in the 130 Te 0νββ region. Measurements using various elemental spikes prepared from different chemical forms indicate that the uses of self-scavenging as well as acid and thermal recrystallization prior to the preparation of a tellurium-loaded liquid scintillator can deplete U and Th and several cosmic-activated isotopes from Te feedstock by a factor of 10 2 –10 3 in a single pass. The process is also found to improve the optical transmission in the blue region, sensible to the photomultiplier tube, by removing traces of colored impurities. In addition to the scintillator-based experiments, this cleansing scheme has potential applications to the production of radiopure tellurium crystals for other rare-event experiments.
Published: 2015
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42. The water purification system for the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment

Author: R. L. Brown, Changgen Yang, Minfang Yeh, R. Rosero, Y. Yang, J. Goett, G. S. Li, J. J. Cherwinka, R. W. Hackenburg, R. Bopp, H. Q. Lu, J. C. Liu, J. Wilhelmi, Q. Xiao, X. N. Li, Jim Napolitano, J. Kilduff, Paul Stoler, N. Raper, M. V. Diwan, E. Dale, C. Pearson, L. S. Littenberg, and J. P. Cummings
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Daya bay, Environmental engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Portable water purification, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Water clarity, Water environment, Water conductivity, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Process engineering, business, Waste Management and Disposal, Biotechnology
Abstract: We describe the design, installation, and operation of a purification system that is able to provide large volumes of high purity ASTM (D1193-91) Type-I water to a high energy physics experiment. The water environment is underground in a lightly sealed system, and this provides significant challenges to maintaining high purity in the storage pools, each of which contains several thousand cubic meters. High purity is dictated by the need for large optical absorption length, which is critical for the operation of the experiment. The system is largely successful, and the water clarity criteria are met. We also include a discussion of lessons learned., Comment: Keywords: High purity water, Deionization
Published: 2015
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43. Measurement of Cosmic-ray Muon-induced Spallation Neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

Author: Chit Ming Wong, B. J. Zhang, Y. H. Tam, M. W. Kwok, S. Blyth, T. H. Ho, Y. C. Lin, X. C. Chen, Kam Biu Luk, Kwok Yin Leung, K. X. Cui, J. K. C. Leung, B. Z. Hu, Ming Chung Chu, Guey-Lin Lin, K. K. Kwan, Kai-Kit Wong, S. Y. Ngan, Chunjie Wang, K. Shih, R. H.M. Tsang, Y. P. Lau, Timothy Kwok, Y. B. Hsiung, Yu-leung Chan, R. L. Hahn, Minfang Yeh, H. L. H. Wong, Chun S. J. Pun, H. Y. Ngai, and W. H. Luk
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Underground laboratory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic ray, Aberdeen Tunnel, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Spallation neutron, Cosmic-ray muon, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Spallation, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation
Abstract: Muon-induced neutrons are one of the major backgrounds to various underground experiments, such as dark matter searches, low-energy neutrino oscillation experiments and neutrino-less double beta-decay experiments. Previous experiments on the underground production rate of muon-induced neutrons were mostly carried out either at shallow sites or at very deep sites. The Aberdeen Tunnel experiment aims to measure the neutron production rate at a moderate depth of 611 meters water equivalent. Our apparatus comprises of six layers of plastic-scintillator hodoscopes for tracking the incident cosmic-ray muons, and 760 L of gadolinium-doped liquid-scintillator for both neutron production and detection targets. In this paper, we describe the design and the performance of the apparatus. The preliminary result on the measurement of neutron production rate is also presented.
Published: 2016
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44. Cherenkov and scintillation light separation in organic liquid scintillators

Author: B. J. Land, Minfang Yeh, J. Caravaca, G. D. Orebi Gann, and F.B. Descamps
Subjects: Photomultiplier, Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Linear alkylbenzene, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, Nuclear, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Scintillation, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Full width at half maximum, chemistry, Rise time, lcsh:QC770-798, business
Abstract: The CHErenkov/Scintillation Separation experiment (CHESS) has been used to demonstrate the separation of Cherenkov and scintillation light in both linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and LAB with 2 g/L of PPO as a fluor (LAB/PPO). This is the first successful demonstration of Cherenkov light detection from the more challenging LAB/PPO cocktail and improves on previous results for LAB. A time resolution of $$338\pm 12$$ ps FWHM results in an efficiency for identifying Cherenkov photons in LAB/PPO of $$70 \pm 3 \%$$ and $$63\pm 8\%$$ for time- and charge-based separation, respectively, with scintillation contamination of $$36\pm 5\%$$ and $$38\pm 4$$ %. LAB/PPO data is consistent with a rise time of $$\tau _r=0.72\pm 0.33$$ ns.
Published: 2017
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45. Slow Liquid Scintillator Candidates for MeV-scale Neutrino Experiments

Author: Z. Guo, Ming Qi, De-Wen Cao, Minfang Yeh, Shaomin Chen, Rui Zhang, and Zhe Wang
Subjects: Physics, Scintillation, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Linear alkylbenzene, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, Solar physics, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Supernova, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neutrino detector, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: Slow liquid scintillator Cherenkov detectors have been proposed as part of several future neutrino experiments because they can provide both directionality and energy measurements. This feature is expected to enhance the sensitivities for MeV-scale neutrino physics, including solar physics, the search for supernova relic neutrino, and the study of geo-sciences. In this study, the characteristics of a slow liquid scintillator were investigated, along with the light yields and decay time constants for various combinations of linear alkylbenzene (LAB), 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO), and 1,4-bis (2-methylstyryl)-benzene (bis-MSB). The results of our study indicated that LAB with 0.07 g/L of PPO and 13 mg/L of bis-MSB was the best candidate for an effective separation between Cherenkov and scintillation lights with a reasonably high light yield., 25 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2017

46. Lifetimes in Te124 : Examining critical-point symmetry in the Te nuclei

Author: S. F. Hicks, P. E. Garrett, Minfang Yeh, P. G. Burkett, S. W. Yates, J. R. Vanhoy, B. R. Champine, and S. J. Etzkorn
Subjects: Physics, Spins, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Homogeneous space, Neutron, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Critical point (mathematics), Excitation, Inelastic neutron scattering
Abstract: The Doppler-shift attenuation method following inelastic neutron scattering was used to determine the lifetimes of nuclear levels to 3.3-MeV excitation in $\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{124}\mathrm{Te}$. Level energies and spins, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies and branching ratios, and multipole-mixing ratios were deduced from measured $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray angular distributions at incident neutron energies of 2.40 and 3.30 MeV, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray excitation functions, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence measurements. The newly obtained reduced transition probabilities and level energies for $\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{124}\mathrm{Te}$ were compared to critical-point symmetry model predictions. The $E(5)$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{4}$ potential critical-point symmetries were also investigated in $\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{122}\mathrm{Te}$ and $\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{126}\mathrm{Te}$.
Published: 2017
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47. Physics prospects of the Jinping neutrino experiment

Author: H. Y. Wei, Kai Zuber, Zuowei Liu, Yang Zhang, Chunfa Yao, Guey-Lin Lin, Z. Yang, Shaomin Chen, John F. Beacom, Yufei Xi, Jianmin Li, Linyan Wan, Ran Han, Yuanqing Wang, Xue-Qian Li, Mohan Li, Xingtao Huang, Jian Tang, Sayed N. Doustimotlagh, Wei Liao, Zhihong Zhao, Xianglei Zhu, Guanghua Gong, Lei Zhang, Hui Gong, Hong-Jian He, William F. McDonough, Jianping Cheng, Xun-Jie Xu, Yangheng Zheng, Ye Xu, Yuanning Gao, Ondřej Šrámek, Xiang Zhou, Jin Li, Lei Guo, Minfang Yeh, Zhe Wang, Zongyi Wang, and Qian Yue
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, China Jinping Underground Laboratory, Flux, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Supernova, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino
Abstract: Jinping Neutrino Experiment (Jinping) is proposed to significantly improve measurements on solar neutrinos and geoneutrinos in China Jinping Laboratory - a lab with a number of unparalleled features, thickest overburden, lowest reactor neutrino background, etc., which identify it as the world-best low-energy neutrino laboratory. The proposed experiment will have target mass of 4 kilotons of liquid scintillator or water-based liquid scintillator, with a fiducial mass of 2 kilotons for neutrino-electron scattering events and 3 kilotons for inverse-beta interaction events. A number of initial sensitivities studies have been carried out, including on the transition phase for the solar neutrinos oscillation from the vacuum to the matter effect, the discovery of solar neutrinos from the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle, the resolution of the high and low metallicity hypotheses, and the unambiguous separation on U and Th cascade decays from the dominant crustal anti-electron neutrinos in China.
Published: 2017

48. Improved measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and spectrum at Daya Bay

Author: P. Jaffke, Y. K. Hor, L. Guo, H. H. Zhang, J. Lee, F. Li, Chao Zhang, S. Zeng, M. Dolgareva, Jen-Chieh Peng, C. Li, H. L. H. Wong, Y. X. Zhang, Marco Grassi, Miao He, J. Dove, J. P. Cummings, S. H. Kettell, X. B. Ma, J. J. Cherwinka, Z. M. Wang, S. J. Patton, W. Q. Gu, X. P. Ji, X. C. Ruan, J. B. Jiao, J. Joshi, Z. Guo, Michael Kramer, Chun S. J. Pun, Hanxiong Huang, L. Kang, Yi-Fang Zhao, Maxim Gonchar, K. M. Heeger, W. Tang, H. L. Zhuang, M. V. Diwan, Haosheng Chen, Shaomin Chen, Jun Cao, Rupert Leitner, K. T. McDonald, J. M. Link, S. K. Lin, R. A. Johnson, N. Y. Wang, M. Qi, Vit Vorobel, S. F. Li, C. H. Wu, W. J. Wu, Changgen Yang, Changjian Lin, B. Viren, Richard Rosero, R. D. McKeown, J. K. Xia, Jiawen Zhang, Yanchu Wang, Y. Malyshkin, Dmitry V. Naumov, R. T. Lei, H. R. Band, D. C. Jones, Wei Li, A. B. Balantekin, Kwong Lau, X. L. Ji, C. Lu, J. L. Xu, H. Y. Ngai, R. L. Gill, Meng Wang, H. Liang, Yixue Chen, G. X. Sun, N. Viaux, Liangjian Wen, Y. C. Lin, Guofu Cao, H. Y. Wei, T. Hu, Y. L. Chan, Mengsu Yang, Bing-Lin Young, Haijun Yang, X. Wang, M. Mooney, W. R. Cen, Xingtao Huang, D. W. Liu, Minfang Yeh, T. Kwok, M. Bishai, Qinglong Wu, Kam Biu Luk, D. M. Xia, Zhiyong Zhang, Haoqi Lu, Dejun Li, Guey-Lin Lin, Y. Nakajima, Jonathan S. Lu, Z. Ye, H. R. Pan, L. S. Littenberg, L. H. Whitehead, Yi Chen, Chunjie Wang, N. Raper, Tian Xue, J. H. Cheng, M. W. Kwok, E. Naumova, D. A. Dwyer, B. Roskovec, Zhi Ning, Y. Chang, Q. J. Li, Xiaohu Guo, M. T. Yang, Chang-Wei Loh, Xuefeng Ding, T. J. Langford, Y. K. Heng, Mengyun Guan, K. V. Tsang, Yufeng Li, K. L. Jen, Li Zhou, B. R. Littlejohn, C. E. Tull, Shanfeng Li, H. M. Steiner, L. Lebanowski, Y. Y. Ding, Z. K. Cheng, D. Cao, Y. Q. Ma, Z. P. Zhang, Zhijian Zhang, M. Ye, K. Whisnant, J. Cheng, Artem Chukanov, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Nan Zhou, Zhibing Li, K. Treskov, D. Taychenachev, Alexander Olshevskiy, Lawrence Pinsky, K. K. Kwan, G. Hussain, R. P. Guo, Y. Xu, E. C. Huang, Yaping Cheng, Qingmin Zhang, V. Pec, J. J. Ling, Q. W. Zhao, Q. Y. Chen, S. Hans, B. Z. Hu, Guisen Li, Jim Napolitano, Li Chang, W. L. Zhong, F. P. An, Honghan Gong, Qingming Ma, Siew Cheng Wong, W. R. Edwards, Y. B. Hsiung, Ran Han, Jiaheng Zou, Lin Yang, Jinmei Liu, Jing Zhao, X. Y. Ma, J. Y. Xu, I. Mitchell, S. Jetter, Wenju Huo, Simon Blyth, Ming Chung Chu, W. Hu, Zeyuan Yu, Xin Qian, S. Kohn, Xiao-yan Li, A. Higuera, Zhi-zhong Xing, Ziyan Deng, Jianglai Liu, Jinjuan Ren, W. H. Wang, R. W. Hackenburg, Z. Wang, Guanghua Gong, Y. M. Zhang, D. E. Jaffe, T. Wise, Patrick Huber, J. F. Chang, X. T. Zhang, Shengxin Lin, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, J. L. Sun, R. G. Wang, J. Park, J. H. C. Lee, Liang Zhan, E. T. Worcester, Z. Lv, F. Z. Qi, J. de Arcos, and Christopher G. White
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Daya bay, energy spectrum, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, antineutrino flux, Daya Bay, reactor, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Positron energy, Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Inverse beta decay, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A new measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. The antineutrinos were generated by six 2.9~GW$_{\mathrm{th}}$ nuclear reactors and detected by eight antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (560~m and 600~m flux-weighted baselines) and one far (1640~m flux-weighted baseline) underground experimental halls. With 621 days of data, more than 1.2 million inverse beta decay (IBD) candidates were detected. The IBD yield in the eight detectors was measured, and the ratio of measured to predicted flux was found to be $0.946\pm0.020$ ($0.992\pm0.021$) for the Huber+Mueller (ILL+Vogel) model. A 2.9~$\sigma$ deviation was found in the measured IBD positron energy spectrum compared to the predictions. In particular, an excess of events in the region of 4-6~MeV was found in the measured spectrum, with a local significance of 4.4~$\sigma$. A reactor antineutrino spectrum weighted by the IBD cross section is extracted for model-independent predictions., Comment: version published in Chinese Physics C
Published: 2017

49. Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

Author: A.V. Khromov, P. Sorensen, D. Woodward, Duncan Carlsmith, M. Arthurs, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, Yue Meng, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Horn, W. Skulski, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, E. H. Miller, D. White, C. Carels, K. Stifter, A. Manalaysay, L. Tvrznikova, M. S. Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, P. Rossiter, Laura Manenti, J. Va’vra, A. St. J. Murphy, B. Holbrook, C. R. Hall, B. Gomber, R. Coughlen, C. Levy, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Adam Bernstein, K. Kamdin, Ethan Bernard, T. J. R. Davison, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Hans, A. Currie, P.R. Scovell, P. Beltrame, E. Mizrachi, S. Fiorucci, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Gehman, Ben Carlson, T. J. Whitis, H. Kraus, R. W. Schnee, R. Bramante, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, I. J. Arnquist, J. Mock, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, D. J. Markley, J. Thomson, J. Yin, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, K. Pushkin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. J. Krebs, C. Chiller, S. Alsum, S. Shaw, M. G. D. van der Grinten, E. K. Pease, B. Lopez Paredes, S. Luitz, P. Brás, K. E. Boast, C. Silva, Elena Korolkova, A. Khazov, Andreas Piepke, T.J. Martin, W. L. Waldron, D. Q. Huang, A. Lindote, J. Belle, R.M. Gerhard, W.W. Craddock, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, P. A. Terman, V. N. Solovov, D. Yu. Akimov, C. H. Faham, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, T.M. Stiegler, J. O'Dell, A. Cottle, B. Boxer, A. Konovalov, M. E. Monzani, W. C. Taylor, L. Reichhart, M.J. Barry, Juhyeong Lee, T. K. Edberg, C. Chan, I. Stancu, M. Timalsina, Wenzhao Wei, Michael Schubnell, D. Temples, D. J. Taylor, M. Solmaz, C. Ghag, R. M. Preece, S. Balashov, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, P. Majewski, M. Sarychev, R. Wang, J. Balajthy, K. Hanzel, H. S. Lee, Steven Worm, J. H. Buckley, A. J. Bailey, A. C. Kaboth, Matthew Szydagis, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, R. Bunker, W. H. Lippincott, Daniel McKinsey, T. Benson, A. V. Kumpan, Eric W. Hoppe, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, M.R. Stark, X. Bai, Minfang Yeh, B. N. Ratcliff, R. L. Mannino, T. Fruth, W. Ji, Seth Hillbrand, M. A. Olevitch, A. Richards, Jilei Xu, D. Khaitan, J. Lin, K. O’Sullivan, C. Nehrkorn, W. H. To, J. Reichenbacher, A. A. Chiller, J. A. Nikkel, W.T. Emmet, D. S. Akerib, R. Linehan, R. Watson, Mani Tripathi, David Leonard, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, Kareem Kazkaz, Carl Vuosalo, T. P. Biesiadzinski, R. C. Webb, C. E. Dahl, T. J. Sumner, S. Kyre, F. Neves, R. Leonard, Wolfgang Lorenzon, H. J. Rose, S. Stephenson, Chao Zhang, W. J. Wisniewski, J.Y-K. Hor, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, Dongming Mei, F.-T. Liao, T. E. Tope, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Powell, D. R. Tiedt, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, E. Holtom, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. M. Ignarra, C. T. McConnell, K. Skarpaas, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, Sergey Burdin, X. Liu, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Cryostat, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, ZEPLIN-III, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, Event (particle physics), Titanium, GERDA
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of $^{238}$U$_{e}$~$, Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2017
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50. Production of a gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator for the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment

Author: Minfang Yeh, Richard Rosero, Aizhong Huang, W. Beriguete, Li Zhou, Liangjian Wen, Yang Yang, Ming Qi, Kam-Biu Luk, Yayun Ding, Jun Cao, Ruiguang Wang, K. M. Heeger, Yanchu Wang, Igor Nemchenok, L. M. Hu, Zhiyong Zhang, Hansheng Sun, and S. Hans
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Daya bay, Gadolinium, Radiochemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, Scintillator, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), chemistry, Physics::Chemical Physics, Instrumentation
Abstract: We report on the production and characterization of liquid scintillators for the detection of electron antineutrinos by the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. One hundred eighty-five tons of gadolinium-loaded (0.1% by mass) liquid scintillator (Gd-LS) and two hundred tons of unloaded liquid scintillator (LS) were successfully produced from a linear-alkylbenzene (LAB) solvent in six months. The scintillator properties, the production and purification systems, and the quality assurance and control (QA/QC) procedures are described., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Published: 2014
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