Search

Loss of mitochondrial electron transport complex (ETC) function in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vivo results in RPE dedifferentiation and progressive photoreceptor degeneration, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Xenogenic expression of alternative oxidases in mammalian cells and tissues mitigates phenotypes arising from some mitochondrial electron transport defects, but can exacerbate others. We expressed an alternative oxidase from Ciona intestinalis (AOX) in ETC-deficient murine RPE in vivo to assess the retinal consequences of stimulating coenzyme Q oxidation and respiration without ATP generation. RPE-restricted expression of AOX in this context is surprisingly beneficial. This focused intervention mitigates RPE mTORC1 activation, dedifferentiation, hypertrophy, stress marker expression, pseudohypoxia, and aerobic glycolysis. These RPE cell autonomous changes are accompanied by increased glucose delivery to photoreceptors with attendant improvements in photoreceptor structure and function. RPE-restricted AOX expression normalizes accumulated levels of succinate and 2-hydroxyglutarate in ETC-deficient RPE, and counteracts deficiencies in numerous neural retinal metabolites. These features can be attributed to the activation of mitochondrial inner membrane flavoproteins such as succinate dehydrogenase and proline dehydrogenase, and alleviation of inhibition of 2-oxyglutarate-dependent dioxygenases such as prolyl hydroxylases and epigenetic modifiers. Our work underscores the importance to outer retinal health of coenzyme Q oxidation in the RPE and identifies a metabolic network critical for photoreceptor survival in the context of RPE mitochondrial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantum interference arising from neighboring resonance is investigated in a four-level system. This effect is evaluated through two methods: one is the direct numerical solution of the optical Bloch equation, and the other considers the impact of neighboring resonances as perturbations on other equations, i.e., using a simplified approximate optical Bloch equation for simulation. The results show that the energy shift caused by quantum interference is correlated with the spectral separation of two resonances, and is most significant when the interval is comparable to the spontaneous emission rate Γ 0 . For spectral separation that is sufficiently large, with spacing greater than 1 0 Γ 0 , the approximate optical Bloch equation method proves to be a straightforward and efficient approach. In addition, two formulas are given, which can be used to evaluate the contributions of neighboring resonances at other positions once the contribution of one is determined. According to the formulas, we evaluated the result of 4He atom as about − 1. 2 kHz, which is consistent with the value given in the paper [Phys. Rev. A 86 (2012) 040501(R)]. Utilizing these methods can streamline intricate energy level structures, and thus facilitate the evaluation of quantum interference in high-precision spectroscopic measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex has been an emerging area in the photoinduced organic synthesis field, generating radicals without exogenous transition‐metal or organic dye‐based photoredox catalysts. The catalytic platform to form suitable photoactive EDA complexes for photochemical reduction reactions remains underdeveloped. Herein, a general photoinduced reductive alkylation via the EDA complex strategy is described. A simple yet multifunctional system, triphenylphosphine and iodide salt, promotes the photoinduced decarboxylative hydroalkylation, and reductive defluorinative decarboxylative alkylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes, to access trifluoromethyl alkanes and gem‐difluoroalkenes. Moreover, decarboxylative hydroalkylation can be applied to more kinds of electron‐deficient alkenes as a general Giese addition reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite thin films directly impact solar cell properties, making defect reduction crucial in perovskite solar cell research. In our study, we used perovskite quantum dots in the anti-solvent to act as nucleation centers in MAPbI3 thin films. These centers had lower nucleation barriers than homogeneous nucleation, improving perovskite crystallinity, reducing defects, and extending carrier lifetime. Fine-tuning the energy band also enhanced carrier transport. The most effective results were obtained using CsPb(Br0.5 I0.5)3 perovskite quantum dots. The resulting device, ITO/SnO2/MAPbI3 (300 nm)/spiro-OMeTAD (200 nm)/Ag (100 nm), achieved a 12.88% power conversion efficiency, a 16% increase from the standard element. The modified device maintained approximately 95% of its efficiency over 100 h in a 70% humidity environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common obstruction of intestinal content passage caused by almost all abdominal operations that seriously strokes the quality of life of patients. Kuanchang-Shu granule (KCSG), a classic modified prescription based on "Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction", has obtained satisfactory efficacy in the clinical therapeutics of POI. However, its material basis and holistic molecular mechanism against POI have not been revealed. Methods: The chemical ingredients of KCSG were first characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Subsequently, an integration strategy of the network pharmacology and molecular docking based on above identified ingredients was performed to unveil the potential targets involved in the treatment of KCSG on POI. Finally, intestinal manipulation induced rat POI model was constructed to verify the efficacy and predicted mechanism of KCSG against POI. Results: In total, 246 ingredients mainly including organic acids, flavonoids, quinones, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and phenols were identified. 41 essential ingredients, 24 crucial targets as well as 15 relevant signaling pathways were acquired based on network pharmacology analysis. Pharmacodynamic research showed that KCSG treatment could protect intestinal histological damage, promote the recovery of measurement of gastrointestinal transit disorder and inhibit the secretion of myeloperoxidase in the distal ileum tissues. The up-regulated expression of p-AKT and down-regulated expression of p-eNOS and HSP9OAA1 predicted by molecular docking and validated by western blotting showed that AKT/eNOS/HSP90AA1 pathway may be one of the crucial mechanisms that mediates the protective effect of KCSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) is mainly used to connect different embedded objects over the internet to make communication between them possible. With the help of IoT, devices find a way to interact, work together, and study from each other's experiences just like humans do. IoT finds its way in applications such as smart home, smart city, healthcare, agriculture, and so on. The name smart home arises due to the automation of the normal home appliances to make it smart. When the devices of the normal smart home are connected via the internet, they become a part of the IoT. The smart home should ensure the following characteristics such as security, comfort, convenience, and energy saving. The article presents a technique for IoT controlled devices in a smart home using context‐based fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is mainly used to monitor and analyze the real‐time data collected from the sensors in the smart homes from various environments. Context‐based fuzzy logic uses a multivalued logic principle which differs from the normal Boolean logic, where the truth value lies between only zero and one (ie, true or false). The proposed smart home is implemented in a real case scenario where it yields an accuracy of 90.5%, response time of 6.41 milliseconds, and an F‐measure of 97%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nummulites amakusensis Yabe and Hanzawa-- N. junbarensis Matsumaru -- N. hongoensis Hanzawa -- Discocyclina pratti (Michelin) Assemblage (generic term: Amakusa Assemblage) zone of lower Eocene (Ypresian)/middle Eocene (Lutetian), assigned to Letter Stage a2 and the P9 planktonic foraminifera zone in the Philippine Archipelago, is recognized in 20 stratigraphically positioned samples from the Akashimisaki Formation in the Amakusa Islands, Kyushu district Japan, and also in three samples from the Tachien and Meichi Sandstones, Hsuehshan Range, central Taiwan, based on age diagnostic larger foraminifera of five genera and 15 species, together with associated planktonic foraminifera. At the Bozubana locality (station No. 3), Amakusa Islands, unusual white clastic limestone layers in fault blocks of theAkashimisaki Formation yield reworked late Paleocene (Thanetian) larger foraminifera and Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) planktonic foraminifera in the Bozubana Thrust Fault zone, which was activated by the Peri Tunghai TectonicMovement in the Ryukyu Arc after the Eocene formations were deposited. The Amakusa Assemblage is proposed for a key regional framework in the eastern Tethys indicating the late Early Eocene (Ypresian)/early Middle Eocene (Lutetian) based on zone P9 and Letter Stage a2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective • The center of the face plays an important role in the fullness of our facial contours, however, sunken center of the face is more common in Asians than in Europeans and Americans. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and rib cartilage are commonly used to fill the nasal base to improve the hollowing of the center of the face. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of crescent-shaped expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) with granulated rib cartilage for nasal base filling to treat midface depressions. Methods • Fifty-one patients with mild to moderate midface depression and normal occlusion admitted to our department from June 2017 to August 2020 were selected. Comprehensive rhinoplasty was performed, which included nasal base filling using crescentic e-PTFE or granulated rib cartilage. They are all women, with an average age of 27.4 years. The e-PTFE group (group A) had 27 cases, while the granulated rib cartilage group (group B) had 24. Changes in two face parameters, the wing ear line and facial convexity, were measured and recorded based on preoperative and postoperative photographs of the patients and using 3D imaging technology. Postoperative complications and satisfaction were assessed by questionnaires to compare the two surgical approaches’ differences, advantages, and disadvantages. Results • Postoperative midface depression improved significantly in 51 patients. Most of the patients who underwent both procedures showed significant improvement in the wing ear line and facial convexity. The 3D imaging has also helped us to more objectively assess the changes in midface concavity. Some patients experienced acute discomfort, such as foreign body sensation and stiffness in the surgical area, for the first three months after nasal base filler surgery. Still, these symptoms resolved on their own within six months. Most patients (92.6% in group A and 91.6% in group B) felt that they had natural facial expressions and were satisfied with the filler results. Conclusion • The use of crescentic e-PTFE and granular rib cartilage to fill the nasal base is easy to operate and has a quick postoperative recovery, allowing for good postoperative results. However, after some of the granular rib cartilage filling treatments, the height of the nasal base was lowered, which may be connected to its limited structural support, ease of displacement, and resorption. Crescentic e-PTFE is superior to granular rib cartilage in terms of both morphology and mechanical support. The crescentic e-PTFE filling method provides rapid postoperative recovery and good shape maintenance, but local stiffness is more pronounced than in the granular rib cartilage group. This may help the plastic surgeon’s choice of surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective • Bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasoundguided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) are two essential methods for obtaining the pathological diagnosis of central lung masses or hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We can observe that many patients have a fever after examinations, but the pathogenesis is not yet fully clear. We tried to comprehensively assess the occurrence of postoperative fever and bacterial infections in patients undergoing bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) procedures. Methods • We retrospectively analyzed 512 patients undergoing bronchoscopy or EBUS-TBNA examination. According to examination methods, all patients were classified into three groups: Only perform bronchoscopy examination (BO) group (122 cases)，both perform bronchoscopy and biopsy (BB) group (262 cases), and EBUS-TBNA after bronchoscopy (EBUS) group (128 cases). Peripheral blood leucocyte, neutrophil count, and serum IL-6 test results were obtained before and after the examination. A blood culture was performed when the body temperature was higher than 38.5°C. Results • Among the three groups, the onset time (5.5h), average duration (6h), and peak temperature (37.7°C) of fever in the BO group were lower than those in the BB and EBUS groups. Still, there was no significant difference in onset time (11.66h, 11.83h), average duration (12.86h, 13.56h), and peak temperature (39.1°C, 39.1°C) between the BB group and EBUS group. There was no significant difference in the peripheral blood leukocyte count, neutrophil count or IL-6 level before the operation (P > .05). Compared with the preoperative, the leukocyte count, neutrophil count and IL-6 level in the three groups were increased after the operation (P < .05). Positive blood cultures were diagnosed as normal oropharyngeal flora. Conclusions • Postoperative fever after bronchoscopy is a relatively common complication, most of which do not require special treatment. Individuals with concomitant diseases such as diabetes may have postoperative infections after EBUS-TBNA, and they should be emphatically observed. The findings could potentially extend to similar diagnostic procedures or situations in pulmonary medicine. Understanding the risk factors associated with postoperative fever can help healthcare providers manage patient expectations and monitor certain groups more closely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluate the effect of corneal and contact lens-related (CLR) culture results on visual acuity (VA) in patients with microbial keratitis (MK). MK patients with corneal and CLR cultures were identified in the University of Michigan electronic health record from August 2012 to April 2022. Test results were classified as laboratory-positive or laboratory-negative. Linear regression was used to examine trends of VA and associations between changes in VA (differences of VA at 90-day and baseline VA) and corneal and CLR culture results, after adjustment for baseline VA. One-sample t-tests were used to test if the slope estimates were different from zero. MK patients (n = 50) were on average 49 years old (standard deviation = 20.9), 56% female, and 90% White. Positive corneal and CLR cultures were reported in 60% and 64% of patients, respectively, and 38% reported both. The agreement rate between corneal and CLR culture results was 30% (n = 15/50). LogMAR VA improved over time in patients with positive corneal and CLR cultures (Estimate=-0.19 per 10-day increase, p = 0.002), and in those with negative corneal and positive CLR cultures (Estimate= −0.17 per 10-day increase, p = 0.004). Compared to patients with negative corneal and CLR cultures, there was a trend toward improvement in VA for patients with positive corneal and CLR cultures (Estimate=-0.68, p = 0.068), and those with negative corneal and positive CLR cultures (Estimate= −0.74, p = 0.059), after adjusting for baseline VA. Positive CLR cultures are associated with significant improvement in VA over time. These additional cultures can provide guidance on appropriate antimicrobial selection, especially when corneal cultures are negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current NCCN guidelines recommend considering elective neck dissection (END) for early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) with a depth of invasion (DOI) exceeding 3mm. However, this DOI threshold, determined by evaluating the occult lymph node metastatic rate, lacks robust supporting evidence regarding its impact on patient outcomes. In this nationwide study, we sought to explore the specific indications for END in patients diagnosed with OCSCC at stage cT2N0M0, as defined by the AJCC Eighth Edition staging criteria. Methods: We examined 4723 patients with cT2N0M0 OCSCC, of which 3744 underwent END and 979 were monitored through neck observation (NO). Results: Patients who underwent END had better 5-year outcomes compared to those in the NO group. The END group had higher rates of neck control (95% vs. 84%, p<0.0001), disease-specific survival (DSS; 87% vs. 84%, p=0.0259), and overall survival (OS; 79% vs. 73%, p=0.0002). Multivariable analysis identified NO, DOI ≥5.0 mm, and moderate-to-poor tumor differentiation as independent risk factors for 5-year neck control, DSS, and OS. Based on these prognostic variables, three distinct outcome subgroups were identified within the NO group. These included a low-risk subgroup (DOI <5 mm plus well-differentiated tumor), an intermediate-risk subgroup (DOI ≥5.0 mm or moderately differentiated tumor), and a high-risk subgroup (poorly differentiated tumor or DOI ≥5.0 mm plus moderately differentiated tumor). Notably, the 5-year survival outcomes (neck control/DSS/OS) for the low-risk subgroup within the NO group (97%/95%/85%, n=251) were not inferior to those of the END group (95%/87%/79%). Conclusions: By implementing risk stratification within the NO group, we found that 26% (251/979) of low-risk patients achieved outcomes similar to those in the END group. Therefore, when making decisions regarding the implementation of END in patients with cT2N0M0 OCSCC, factors such as DOI and tumor differentiation should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defect formation energy governs the thermodynamics of a specific dopant within the host material. Here, we introduce an approach to decomposing the defect formation energy into intuitive components, each representing a distinct physical step in the process of defect formation. Through this approach, we illustrate that adhering solely to conventional criteria, such as ionic radius, may overlook potential dopants. Taking β-FeSi2, a promising high-temperature thermoelectric material, as an example, we demonstrate that non-intuitive chemical interactions can play a more significant role in lowering the defect formation energy. As a result, Ir on Fe site is found to exhibit unexpected low defect formation energy among the 26 candidate dopants and has been employed in experiment to enhance the thermoelectric figure of merit of n-type β-FeSi2. The understanding gained from this work could be of general interest for addressing the doping limit issue for other potential thermoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer supported collaborative writing (CSCW), due to the potential to enhance online collaborative writing performance, has received more and more attention in educational settings in recent years. However, the lack of social presence results in learners not being able to construct group awareness to reduce participation rate and even appear free-riders and suckers. This study thus develops a collaborative writing system with visualization interaction network analysis (CWS-VINA) that can display learners' contribution and interaction relationship through one-mode social network analysis to assist collaborative writing team members in constructing group awareness, facilitate learners' collaborative writing participation behavior, and reduce uneven participation to further promote the learning performance on collaborative writing. With a quasi-experimental design, 50 Grade 8 students of a junior high school in Taipei City were recruited to precede an instruction experiment on collaborative writing. A class of 26 students, as the experimental group, applied CWS-VINA supported collaborative writing, and the other class of 24 students, as the control group, used a collaborative writing system without visualization interaction network analysis (CWS-NVINA). Analytical results show that learners with CWS-VINA supported collaborative writing outperform those with CWS-NVINA on writing performance no matter learners with high or low prior writing ability and high or low CMC competence. Moreover, compared with CWS-NVINA, CWS-VINA provides benefits in promoting learners' overall technology acceptance and perceived usefulness, particularly for learners with low CMC competence. However, there is no significantly statistical difference in promoting the perceived ease of use. According to the interview results, learners indicate that the application of CWS-VINA supported collaborative writing could effectively help them construct group awareness, facilitate team members' communication and coordination, encourage team members to enhance individual contribution, as well as reduce uneven participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of exploration and development of oil and gas fields, the acidic environment of oil reservoir, production and transport processes cause corrosion of pipelines and equipment, resulting in huge economic losses and production safety risks. Corrosion inhibitors were widely used in oil industry because of simple operation process and economical. In this study, three environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors were synthesized based on the natural polysaccharide chitosan. Corrosion inhibition of three dendritic chitosan derivatives (We name them BH, CH and DH) on mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution with natural ventilation system was evaluated by weight loss experiment, electrochemical analysis and surface morphology characterization. The experimental results showed that when the three dendritic chitosan derivatives added in the corrosive medium were 500 mg L−1, the corrosion inhibition efficiencies were all more than 80%. Based on quantum chemical calculation, inhibition mechanisms of three dendritic chitosan derivatives were investigated according to molecular structures. The results showed that the benzene ring, Schiff base and N atom contained in the molecule were the active centers of electron exchange, which were more likely to form a film on the carbon steel surface, thereby slowing or inhibiting corrosion. The results also predicted the corrosion inhibition effect BH > DH > CH, which was consistent with the experimental conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caligula japonica, a forestry pest known for its destructive impact on various trees, has recently shown promise as a potential natural medical mesh biomaterial in the medical industry. However, the lack of genomic resources has hindered in-depth studies on the karyotype evolution and functional genomics of this species. In this study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing of the C. japonica genome, yielding the first chromosome-level assembly. We successfully assembled a high-quality genome of 584,537,256 bp with Contig N50 of 12 Mb and 31 chromosomes. About 342 Mb repeat sequences were identified, accounting for 59.16% of C. japonica genome. Genome annotation by de novo gene prediction and homologous gene search yields 20,887 protein-coding genes. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of gene families linked to detoxification and chemosensory revealed a pronounced expansion in the P450, ABC, and GR gene families within C. japonica and Bombyx mori. The genome obtained in this research will provide data basis support for research on resource utilization of C. japonica and to progress comparative genomic analyses and evolutionary adaptability in Lepidoptera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the use of ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to break stones in the genitourinary tract and prevent genitourinary injury. Our goals were to achieve accurate focusing and minimal X-ray exposure for the benefit of the patients. Methods: The LiteMed LM-9200 lithotripter with ultrasonography and fluoroscopy was used for two different procedures: autoaimed and autoperiodical. These procedures enabled dual focusing on stone localization and tracking. Results: Out of 108 patients who underwent autoperiodical procedures, 29 had no gross hematuria. Among the 335 patients who received autoaimed procedures, 194 had no gross hematuria. The average duration of X-ray exposure during autoperiodical and autoaimed procedures was 120 and 50 s, respectively. Conclusion: The ultrasound-guided ESWL with minimal X-ray exposure was found to be useful in treating genitourinary upper-tract urolithiasis in the autoaimed procedure. Patients who underwent the autoaimed procedure experienced less gross hematuria compared to those who underwent the autoperiodical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Betel nut chewing involves the chewing of areca nuts or betel quid (areca nuts wrapped in betel leaves), which is associated with an increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Statins have anticancer properties. We investigated the association between statin use and ESCC risk in betel nut chewers. Methods: The study included 105 387 betel nut chewers matched statin users and nonusers. Statin use was defined as the use of =28 cumulative defined daily doses (cDDDs) of statin. The primary outcome was incidence of ESCC. Results: The incidence rate of ESCC was significantly lower in statin users than in nonusers (2.03 vs. 3.02 per 100 000 person-years). Statin users had a lower incidence rate ratio of 0.66 for ESCC (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.85) relative to nonusers. After potential confounders were adjusted for, statin use was determined to be associated with a reduced risk of ESCC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51-0.91). A dose-response relationship was observed between statin use and ESCC risk; the aHRs for statin use at 28-182 cDDDs, 183-488 cDDDs, 489-1043 cDDDs, and > 1043 cDDDs were 0.92, 0.89, 0.66, and 0.64, respectively. Conclusion: Statin use was revealed to be associated with a reduced risk of ESCC in betel nut chewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global fore- and sub-arc peridotites show paradoxically highly melt-depleted yet silica- enriched (as excess orthopyroxene) compositions, which have been attributed to either silica-enriched mantle sources or metasomatic overprints by silica-rich fluids/melts. Here, we present robust mineralogical evidence from an ophiolitic peridotite suite and thermodynamic modeling suggesting that boninitic melt percolation is a viable manner to induce silica enrichment and keep the ultra-depleted signature in a nascent lithospheric mantle wedge. The co-occurrence of resorbed olivines and euhedral high-Cr# spinels with a boninitic origin enclosed by porphyroblastic orthopyroxenes in these peridotites documents that the primary olivines were partially melted or dissolved along with precipitation of the euhedral spinels and growth of the orthopyroxene through reactions between the depleted peridotites and boninitic melts. Such metasomatism modulates the geochemistry of mantle wedges and can explain the compositional variations observed in the majority of global fore- and sub-arc peridotites and supra–subduction zone ophiolitic counterparts. Lateral assembly of these mantle domains by accretionary orogenesis may contribute to the growth of continental lithosphere and accounts for the existence of melt-depleted yet silica-enriched mantle domains beneath orogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel high-active porous activated biochar (KC) has been successfully prepared through a two-step chemical activation method with KOH by using orange peel as raw materials. The KC demonstrates several remarkable advantages for Cr (VI) removal from water, including large specific surface area of 1998 m2/g, well-developed porous microstructure, rich oxygen-containing functional groups and abundant surface-active sites. With these merits, the KC exhibits an outstanding experimental absorption capacity of Cr (VI) of 285.5 mg g−1 for 2400 mins at pH 2.0. The influences of initial pH, contact time, concentration and temperature on the remediation are investigated. The adsorption behavior fit well to Elovich model, suggesting a chemical adoption process. The Langmuir model fits better than the Freundlich model in simulating the adsorption isotherm, which implies a monolayer adsorption reaction through chemical adsorption. Mechanism studies demonstrate that chemical adoption, reduction, ion exchange and complexation with the assistance of oxygen-containing functional groups and porosity are involved in removal process of Cr (VI). Our work offers a feasible approach to optimize microstructure of biochar with satisfactory adsorption performance. [Display omitted] • The biochar has been prepared via a two-step KOH-assistant activation method. • Effects of pH, contact time and concentration on removing Cr (VI) are studied. • The underlying removal mechanisms are clearly analyzed. • The experimental adsorption capacity of biochar reaches 285.5 mg g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a range-separated stochastic resolution of identity (RS-SRI) approach for the four-index electron repulsion integrals, where the larger terms (above a predefined threshold) are treated using a deterministic RI and the remaining terms are treated using a SRI. The approach is implemented within a second-order Green’s function formalism with an improved O(N 3 ) scaling with the size of the basis set, N. Moreover, the RS approach greatly reduces the statistical error compared to the full stochastic version [T. Y. Takeshita et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 044114 (2019)], resulting in computational speedups of ground and excited state energies of nearly two orders of magnitude, as demonstrated for hydrogen dimer chains and water clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of innovative macroalgal cultivation is important and needed to optimize farming operations, increase biomass production, reduce the impact on the ecosystem, and lower system and operational costs. However, most macroalgal farming systems (MFSs) are stationary, which need to occupy a substantial coastal area, require extensive investment in farm infrastructure, and cost high fertilizer and anchoring expenses. This study aims to model, analyze, and support a novel binary species free-floating longline macroalgal cultivation concept. The expected outcomes could provide a basis for the design and application of the novel MFS to improve biomass production, decrease costs, and reduce the impact on the local ecosystem. In this paper, Saccharina latissima and Nereocystis luetkeana were modeled and validated, and coupled with longline to simulate the binary species MFS free float in various growth periods and associated locations along the US west coast. The numerical predictions indicated the possibility of failure on the longline and breakage at the kelp holdfasts is low. However, the large forces due to an instantaneous change in dynamic loads caused by loss of hydrostatic buoyancy when the longline stretches out of the water would damage the kelps. Buoy-longline contact interactions could damage the buoy, resulting in the loss of the system by sinking. Furthermore, the kelp-longline and kelp-kelp entanglements could potentially cause kelp damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has profound impacts on human life and global economy since the outbreak in 2019. With the new variants continue to emerge with greater immune escaping capability, the protectivity of the available vaccines is compromised. Therefore, development a vaccine that is capable of inducing immunity against variants including omicron strains is in urgent need. In this study, we developed a protein-based vaccine BCVax that is consisted of antigen delta strain spike protein and QS21-based adjuvant AB801 in nanoparticle immune stimulation complex format (AB801-ISCOM). Results from animal studies showed that high level of anti-S protein IgG was induced after two doses of BCVax and the IgG was capable of neutralizing multiple variants of pseudovirus including omicron BA.1 or BA.2 strains. In addition, strong Th1 response was stimulated after BCVax immunization. Furthermore, BCvax with AB801-ISCOM as the adjuvant showed significant stronger immunity compared with the vaccine using aluminum hydroxide plus CpG 1018 as the adjuvant. BCVax was also evaluated as a booster after two prior vaccinations, the IgG titers and pseudovirus neutralization activities against BA.2 or BA.4/BA.5 were further enhanced suggesting BCVax is a promising candidate as booster. Taken together, the pre-clinical data warrant BCVax for further development in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in refinery wastewater is an extremely complex mixture of various organic compounds. Using mass spectrometry, it is impossible to characterize all of the DOM molecules with only one ionization source. In this study, negative-ion, electrospray ionization (ESI), positive-ion ESI, and positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) were coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to analyze the molecular composition of DOM in a refinery wastewater stream during the treatment process. There were obvious differences in the heteroatom composition, number of DOM constituents, and chemical properties in refinery wastewater under the three ionization modes. Acidic CHO and CHOS compounds detected by (-)ESI, basic CHN and CHON compounds detected by (þ)ESI, and hydrocarbons detected by (þ)APPI were analyzed to determine the molecular transformations that occurred during treatment. In an anaerobic biological treatment process, acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a high oxygen content were preferentially removed, and acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a low oxygen content were produced. In an aerobic biological process, acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a low oxygen content were preferentially removed, and acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a high oxygen content were produced. The whole biological treatment process has a poor removal efficiency for CHN and CHON compounds, and hydrocarbons. An activated carbon (AC) adsorption process removed different heteroatom compounds mainly with a low oxygen content for acidic and basic compounds. The transformation mechanism of CHO and CHOS compounds in the biological treatment process was analyzed by the Kendrick mass defect (KMD) theory and a mass difference network analysis. In the anaerobic process, large amounts of oxygenated CHO and CHOS compounds were degraded by decarboxylation, deoxydation, demethoxylation, and dehydration reactions, and converted to lower oxygen content compounds. In the aerobic processes, these low oxygen CHO and CHOS compounds mainly underwent carboxylation and oxidation reactions. This study determined the transformation characteristics and mechanisms of different types of organic compounds in refinery wastewater during the treatment process. The results provide guidance for the design and optimization of technologies for refinery wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A historical investigation is a kind of inquiry-based learning, aiming to guide students' reading and analyzing processes of historical text to enhance the historical thinking. For this reason, a Digital Humanities Research Platform for Mr. Lo Chia-Lun's Writings (DHRP-MLCLW) with Perspective Change and Chronological Division Tool (PCCDT) is used for assisting senior high school students in inquiry-based learning activities of history course. It is expected to help learners understand historical investigation issues from different perspectives and aspects as well as enhance learners' understanding and inquiry abilities of interpreting historical text and context. With a pre-experimental research design, a total of 13 Grade 10 students in a senior high school in Taipei City, Taiwan, were recruited as the research participants for DHRP-MLCLW with PCCDT supported history inquiry course to examine whether learners significantly promote inquiry-based learning performance and to investigate students' learning satisfaction. Furthermore, lag sequential analysis (LSA) is applied to explore the effective behavior transition mode of learners with high learning performance. Semi-structured interview is also utilized for understanding learners' perception and suggestions about using the DHRP-MLCLW with PCCDT for history inquiry course. The research results show that DHRP-MLCLW with PCCDT supported history inquiry course could effectively enhance learners' learning performance and led to highly positive learning satisfaction. Moreover, the LSA results reveal that compared with the learners with low learning performance, the behavioral patterns among those with high learning performance using the DHRP-MLCLW with PCCDT for inquiry-based historical investigation better reflect the spirit of inquiry-based learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The music environment of a restaurant is an important factor that affects consumer behaviors during the dining experience, especially silent dining behaviors among people who are not encouraged to talk in the context of COVID-19. This study empirically analyzed the influence of consumers' background music preferences on their emotions and behavioral responses during their dining experience at a high-end Chinese restaurant. A total of 393 valid samples were obtained through purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The research tools used in this study included a personal background information questionnaire, four Oriental and Western music conditions, a background music preference scale, a scale for evaluating emotions during the dining experience, and a behavioral response scale. The results showed that the subjects preferred the Chinese classical music—the Butterfly Lovers Concerto. Background music affected the participants' emotions during their dining experience, and different background music conditions resulted in significant differences in emotions and behaviors. The consumers' emotions, during their dining experience significantly predicted their behaviors under all four music conditions. The greatest contribution and value of this study stem from the finding that the background music at a restaurant can arouse specific positive emotions in consumers during their dining experience and thus affect their eating behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a model for optimizing inbound and outbound pricing for closed-loop supply chains that remanufacture reusable products. Remanufacturers create reusable products from returned used products and sell the products "as new" to manufacturers or consumers. By implementing a return subsidy, remanufacturers can encourage the consumer to return used products. Demand for the as-new components often depends on the selling price and inventory. The available inventory increases as the subsidy increases and as the price decreases. Our model can determine the optimal subsidy and selling price for used and remanufactured products, respectively. Our model uses the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions to solve its nonlinear problem. Sensitivity analysis reveals how different parameters affect profit under model-optimized conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the problem of the pricing and investment strategy for smart technology under a supply chain with one manufacturer and one retailer. The models are constructed to investigate the strategic choices of supply chain members for investing in digital/smart technology under three scenarios: the M-system, wherein only the manufacturer fully pays for the investment cost; the S-system, wherein the manufacturer and retailer share the investment cost; and the R-system, wherein the retailer fully pays for the investment cost. We formulate analytical models to determine the optimal wholesale price, retail price and investment strategy in a Stackelberg game setting. Our findings show that the S-system is the most appropriate choice for both the manufacturer and retailer. We also suggest the appropriate investment sharing ratio to achieve Pareto improvement under such an arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An isogeometric large-deformation continuum shell formulation incorporating finite strain elastoplasticity is presented in this work. The proposed method is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into the elastic and plastic contributions in a total Lagrangian framework. The standard return mapping algorithm with the backward Euler time integration technique is adopted to solve the 3D elastoplastic constitutive equations. The classical J 2 von Mises plasticity model with isotropic hardening is implemented to describe the nonlinear material behavior. The results of several benchmark studies are illustrated to showcase the computational accuracy and solution robustness of the proposed formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical activity and its relation to molecular chirality are significant in the measurement of optical rotation or circular dichroism characteristics to determine the absolute configuration of a chiral molecule. A quarter-wave plate, which is usually made from quartz, can convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. In this study, we suggest using L-lactic acid (L-LA), a chiral material, and a water-based transparent glue to produce biodegradable films. Adjusting the number of thin layers, which are deposited from the mixture of L-LA and polyvinyl alcohol, leads to different phase differences, forming L-LA films. A modified microscope system was used to observe the appearance of the L-LA wave plates. Six layers and 0.8% L-LA solution were the optimal conditions to fabricate an L-LA film. The circular polarization experiment showed that the changes in maximum and minimum light intensity were within 2% compared to the average light intensity at a specific angle of the L-LA film. The performance of the L-LA film was consistent with that of a commercial quarterwave plate. In conclusion, circularly polarized light was successfully produced using the L-LA film. The biodegradable L-LA film has widespread application in the field of biomedicine. Featured Application: L-Lactic acid film uses biodegradable and biocompatible materials. It can produce circularly polarized light and is beneficial for application in biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shows remarkably rapid growth (114.5 cm/day), but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. After examining more than 12,750 internodes from more than 510 culms from 17 Moso populations, we identified internode 18 as a representative internode for rapid growth. This internode includes a 2-cm cell division zone (DZ), a cell elongation zone up to 12 cm, and a secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening zone. These zones elongated 11.8 cm, produced approximately 570,000,000 cells, and deposited -28 mg g-1 dry weight (DW) lignin and -44 mg g-1 DW cellulose daily, far exceeding vegetative growth observed in other plants. We used anatomical, mathematical, physiological, and genomic data to characterize development and transcriptional networks during rapid growth in internode 18. Our results suggest that (1) gibberellin may directly trigger the rapid growth of Moso shoots, (2) decreased cytokinin and increased auxin accumulation may trigger cell DZ elongation, and (3) abscisic acid and mechanical pressure may stimulate rapid SCW thickening via MYB83L. We conclude that internode length involves a possible tradeoff mediated by mechanical pressure caused by rapid growth, possibly influenced by environmental temperature and regulated by genes related to cell division and elongation. Our results provide insight into the rapid growth of Moso bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report J-aggregates of a boron dipyrromethene derivative (BDP-Nit) as an H2S-activatable nano-photosensitizer. The closely packed BDP-Nit in J-aggregates exhibits high selectivity to H2S over biothiols to produce an active photosensitizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation and elimination of synapses reflect structural plasticity of neuronal connectivity. Here we performed high-resolution two-photon imaging of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex of four macaque monkeys and found that spines were in general highly stable, with low percentages undergoing synaptic turnover. By observing the same spines at weekly intervals, we found that newly formed spines were more susceptible to elimination, with only 40% persisting over a period of months. Analyses of spatial distribution of large numbers of spines revealed that spine distribution was neither uniform nor random, favoring inter-spine distances of 2–4 μm. Furthermore, spine formation and elimination occurred more often in low- and high-density dendritic segments, respectively, and preferentially within a hot zone of ∼4 μm from existing spines. Our results demonstrate long-term stability and spatially regulated spine dynamics in the macaque cortex and provide a structural basis for understanding neural circuit plasticity in the primate brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An endoplasmic reticulum resident protein, calreticulin (CRT), participates in many cellular processes. CRT is a tumor-associated antigen with an important role in antitumor immunity. Previously, we reported that the recombinant CRT fragment 39-272 (CRT/39-272) exhibited superior immunobiological activity, activating macrophages to release cytokines and promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation. However, the effect of CRT/39-272 in vivo, especially its adjuvant effect on in vivo antitumor immune responses, was not fully investigated. In this study, we constructed a fusion protein linking CRT/39-272 to an ovalbumin (OVA) peptide (residues 182–297, OVAp) and used the fusion protein (OVAp-CRT) to examine the adjuvant effect of CRT. We investigated whether CRT/39-272 could induce bone marrow-derived DC maturation and strongly promote the proliferation of OVA-specific T cells in vitro. Compared with OVAp, OVAp-CRT induced stronger antigen-specific T lymphocyte responses, including antigen-specific T cell proliferation, interferon-γ secretion, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. OVAp-CRT-immunized mice generated significantly increased OVAp-specific antibody and CD4+ /CD8+ memory T cells, which mediated long-term protective effects. OVAp-CRT upregulated CD40, CD80, and CD86 expressions in splenic conventional DCs. Furthermore, OVAp-CRT protected immunized mice against OVA-expressing B16 melanoma cells in vivo. Moreover, mice that were adoptively transferred with OVAp-CRT-pulsed DCs showed inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Our results demonstrate that CRT/39-272 can be used as a potential new adjuvant for tumor vaccines, and this finding may be useful in tumor vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the well-established associations between adolescents’ internalizing symptoms and career development, it still remains unclear whether adolescents’ internalizing symptoms are precursors or consequences of their career adaptability/ambivalence. Subtler nuance inherent within such association also await to be revealed, because internalizing symptoms and career development have been primarily treated as broad constructs, despite the multifaceted nature of both. To narrow such gaps, this study examined the potentially dynamic associations among career adaptability, career ambivalence, and internalizing symptoms using three-wave longitudinal data. The study collected data from 3196 Chinese adolescents (52.72% girls, mean age = 15.56 years, SD = 0.58) at Wave 1, with 2820 (attrition rate = 11.76%) participating in Wave 2 and 2568 (attrition rate = 8.93%) in Wave 3. The measurement invariance suggested that there were no significant differences across both waves and genders. This study approached associations at both broader construct levels and subtler dimension levels. Results of cross-lagged path models at broader construct levels demonstrated a unidirectional association between internalizing symptoms and career adaptability. Results of models at subtler dimension levels indicated a series of transactional links over time between career adaptability dimensions/ambivalence and depressive symptoms in particular. Career adaptability dimensions and career ambivalence predicted later anxiety symptoms rather than the reverse. Group model comparisons showed no difference across waves and genders. These findings shed light on the dynamic nature of the associations during adolescence between career adaptability/ambivalence and internalizing symptoms, particularly at subtler dimensional levels, which should be considered in relevant clinical and educational practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic (PV) materials owing to their superior optoelectronic properties. However, they suffer from poor stability and potential toxicity. Here, computational screening with experimental synthesis is combined to explore stable, lead‐free, and defect‐tolerant PV materials. Heavy cations with lone‐pair electrons and mixed anions of chalcogens and halogens as a descriptor for simultaneous realization of defect tolerance and high stability are adopted. Together with the criteria of possessing direct band gap and optimal gap value, the inorganic material database is screened and CuBiSCl2 in the post‐perovskite structure is identified with an ideal band gap of 1.37 eV. The electronic structure and defect calculations suggest its defect‐tolerant characteristics. By optical absorption measurement, its band gap is confirmed to be ≈1.44 eV, with strong absorption near the band edge. The material is stable against thermal decomposition up to 300 °C and can survive from 25 days of storage at ambient conditions with 60% relative humidity. Prototype solar cells are fabricated and demonstrate an open circuit voltage of 1.09 V and a power conversion efficiency of 1.00%. With the excellent properties above, CuBiSCl2 is proposed to be a promising candidate for PV application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature phases of solids are often dynamically stable only. First-principles study of point defects in such solids at 0 K is prohibited by their static instability, which results in random structures of the defect-containing supercell so that the total energy of the supercell is randomly affected by structural distortions far away from the defect. Taking cubic perovskite α -CsPbI3 as an example, we first present the problem incurred by the static instability and then propose an approach based on molecular dynamics to carry out ensemble average for tackling the problem. Within affordable simulation time, we obtain converged defect ionization energies, which are unattainable by a standard approach and allow us to evaluate its defect tolerance property. Our work paves the way for studying defects in statically unstable solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron and carbon contents are the main factors influencing the properties of high-boron steel. In this study, experimental samples with different boron-to-carbon ratios (%B/%C) were prepared. The microstructures of the different samples were observed, and their hardness, bending strength, and impact toughness were investigated. Results show that the main microstructures in the investigated high-boron steel samples are the eutectic Fe2B structure with a fishbone shape and the ternary peritectic Fe3(C, B) structure with a chrysanthemum shape. When the boron content is 2.5wt.% and the carbon content is 0.43wt.% (i.e., %B/%C=5.82), the overall mechanical properties of the alloy are the best. The alloy's hardness, bending strength and impact toughness reach their maximums, which are 67.3 HRC, 1,267.36 MPa and 6.19 J·cm-2, respectively. The optimized alloy is compared with conventional materials exhibiting excellent wear resistance (namely, high-manganese steel and high-chromium cast iron) through two-body and three-body abrasion tests. The wear resistance of this high-boron steelinvestigated in this work is found to be superior to those of the more common materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the significance of diaphragm thickness (DT) in assessing the nutritional status and predicting the length of hospital stay (LOS) of patients with COVID-19. Methods and Study Design: The data of 212 patients with severe and critical COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, were retrospectively analyzed. Computed tomography (CT)-obtained DT was measured in cross-sectional images of the mediastinal window at the level of the outlet of the celiac trunk at admission and at 2 weeks, then the rate of change in DT(RCDT) at 2 weeks was calculated. Nutritional risk and malnutrition were evaluated at admission. Results: A total of 91 patients were involved in the study. The mean DT was 3.06±0.58 mm (3.15±0.63 mm in male and 2.93±0.50 mm in female). DT was significantly negatively correlated with malnutrition based on Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria (r=-0.324, p=0.002), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score (r=-0.364, p=0.000) and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score (r=-0.326, p=0.002) at admission. For the prediction of LOS ≥4 weeks in patients with COVID-19, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the RCDT at 2 weeks was 0.772, while the AUCs of DT, NRS-2002, MUST and Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill scores at admission were 0.751, 0.676, 0.638 and 0.699 respectively. According to the model of multiple linear regression analysis, the DT at admission (β=-0.377, p=0.000), RCDT at 2 weeks (β =-0.323, p=0.001), and mechanical ventilation (β=0.192, p=0.031) were independent risk factors contributed to LOS. Conclusions: CT-obtained DT can be used as a dynamic assessment tool for evaluating the nutritional status of patients in isolation wards for COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rice planting area in Northeast China has reached 5.6 million ha, but the utilization rate of comprehensive culture area in paddy field is only 2%. It is mainly dominated by fish culture in paddy field and crab culture in paddy field, which has broad development prospects. In recent years, the comprehensive planting and culture area of paddy fields in Liaoning Province has developed rapidly with a total of 80 000 ha. In accordance with the local environmental conditions, Heilongjiang and Jilin regions have introduced a new model and technology of comprehensive planting and culture in paddy fields, and developed a comprehensive planting and breeding model of paddy fields with characteristics. At present, the comprehensive planting and culture in paddy fields in Northeast China is still in the stage of rapid development, which needs to be further developed towards specialization, scale, industrialization, high quality and brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To probe into the efficiency of Zhixiao Decoction in treating children with bronchial asthma, and its effect on serum levels of interleukin (IL)-13, IL-6, and IL-17. Methods: 140 children with bronchial asthma who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of traditional Chinese medicine from February 2018 to October 2020, were included as the study group, while 70 children at the same period of physical examination served as the control group. Using the random number table, the study group was equally subdivided into regular group given Asthma-relief Oral Liquid, and treatment group given Zhixiao Decoction. Serum levels of IL-13, IL-6, and IL-17, and effectiveness and safety of Zhixiao Decoction, were measured. Results: Zhixiao Decoction showed higher levels of IL-13, IL-6, and IL-17 and greater treatment effectiveness in patients compared with Asthma-relief Oral Liquid (p < 0.05). IL-13, IL-6, and IL-17 levels exhibited negative correlation with FEV1 and PEF. The treatment group had lower post-treatment traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, serum levels of IL-13, IL-6, IL-17; fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and eosinophil counts. The treatment group also demonstrated higher scores in asthma control test, mini-asthma-related quality of life, and better lung function than the regular group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Zhixiao Decoction mitigates clinical symptoms of bronchial asthma children, improves lung function and clinical efficacy, and down-regulates levels of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, this therapeutic approach has potentials in the management of pediatric asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel oxide (NiO) is a typical transparent conductive oxide with intrinsic p-type conductivity. In this study, NiO thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering and then subject to rapid thermal annealing (RTA, 50–450 °C) under an ambient atmosphere. The experimental results show that RTA critically affects the optoelectronic properties and crystallinity of NiO films. RTA affects the optoelectronic properties of the films by changing their lattice constants and the formation energy of various defects, and an appropriate annealing temperature is important for obtaining NiO films with ideal optoelectronic properties. The NiO film annealed at 350 °C exhibited the optimal optoelectronic performance, with an enhanced figure of merit (average visible light transmittance of 45% and room temperature resistivity of 384.5 Ω·cm) that is nearly three orders of magnitude higher than that of the films annealed at other temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To study the toxic effect and antiviral activity of anthraquinone extract of Polygonum cuspidatum on infection of Koi herpes virus (KHV). [Methods] The MTT method and CPE microscopy were used to detect the common carp brain (CCB) cytotoxicity of the P. cuspidatum anthraquinone extract in 48 h. Eight groups of different concentrations of the P. cuspidatum anthraquinone extract 1.96, 3.91, 7.28, 15.63, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 μg/mL experimental groups and a control group without drug effect were set up. After determining the maximum non-toxic range of the P. cuspidatum anthraquinone extract, the viral replication inhibition test was carried out. [Results] The concentration of the P. cuspidatum anthraquinone extract 31.25 [i.g/mL was recognized as the maximum non-toxic concentration. The survival rate of CCB cells was higher than 80%, and the toxic dose (CCS0) of the drug for 50% cell death was (72.67 ± 2.12) peg/mL. The maximum inhibition rate of the P. cuspidatum anthraquinone extract was 78. 63% ± 5. 47% at a concentration of 31. 25 μg/mL, and the 50% effective drug dose (JCX) for inhibiting the virus was (13.67 ±0.47) μg/mL, and the therapeutic index (Tl) was 5.48 ±0.49. In the direct virus killing test, the highest virus inhibition rate was 32.21%. [Conclusions] Under the experimental conditions, it can be concluded that the P. cuspidatum anthraquinone extract has high anti-KHV activity, and at the same time. It is expected to lay a theoretical foundation for the research of P. cuspidatum anthraquinone extract against KHV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiwan experiences a distinct seasonal transition in fall from the summer to winter monsoon. In October, the northeasterly monsoon impinges on Taiwan’s Central Mountain Range producing heavy rainfall in eastern Taiwan. In addition to monsoonal influences, tropical cyclones (TCs) move along the Western Pacific warm pool to the south and southwest of Taiwan over the 115° -122°E region. These are found to influence rainfall over eastern Taiwan by enhancing the meridional pressure gradient with the resultant northeasterly flows moving toward Taiwan. During TC warning periods, this meridional pressure gradient on maximum rainfall day over northeastern Taiwan (Ilan) is strong for TCs with a northern track (north of 19°N) and weak for those with a southern track (south of 19°N). For TCs with a northern track, intensified northeasterly flows merge with cyclonic flows in the northern sector of a TC-related low centered in the South China Sea (SCS). Flow confluences and moisture flux convergence occur over Taiwan causing strong rainfall over eastern Taiwan, but immediately to the west of Taiwan in relation to weak rainfall over eastern Taiwan. For TCs with a southern track, moisture flux convergence shifts southward over the SCS, leading to very weak rainfall over Taiwan. Rainfall variability in different interaction types is mainly determined by the 3- 10-day transient mode. The major effect of 30-60-day intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) mode is to provide favorable conditions due to large-scale cyclonic anomalies across the SCS and tropical western North Pacific. These conditions steer westward TC movement over oceans to the south and southwest of Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Herein, we report an efficient and practical protocol for the photoinduced dehalocyclization of ortho‐halophenylacrylamides with formate by the engagement of a CO2 radical anion to access substituted oxindoles. This method proceeds smoothly under mild conditions and exhibits a wide range of substrate as well as remarkable functional group compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although game-based learning strategies have been used in mathematics education for a period of time, the potential for enhancing students' learning achievement and math self-efficacy is still being explored. Students need to face complex mathematics concepts and calculations in mathematics courses. Even though using games to learn mathematics may enhance students' motivation, without efficiently personalized learning guidance, students may not be able to learn well in games. Therefore, adaptive educational games provide opportunities to give students personalized learning content and guidance. The concept-effect relationship is an effective tool for the organization of learning material in developing adaptive diagnostic systems for detecting students' learning problems. In this study, a concept-effect relationship and an interactive game-based learning system were conducted as an effective tool for the organization of learning material in developing a diagnostic and remedial system for detecting students' learning problems. An experiment was conducted on an elementary school mathematics course to evaluate the effects of the proposed approach. The experimental results clearly show that the proposed approach not only improves the efficiency of learning achievement for students, but also enhances their learning attitudes and self-efficacy, and reduces their cognitive load in mathematics courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To study the future outcomes and health needs of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients after receiving direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy based on the health promotion perspectives and cardiometabolic risks in a rural setting. Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2019 in coastal western and southern Taiwan. Methods: We included CHC patients who were diagnosed and transferred by the gastroenterologist and hepatologist in outpatient clinics and completed DAA treatments. Data on demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours and physiological biomarkers were collected through one-on-one interview using a questionnaire and from medical records obtained from a teaching hospital. Results: In total, 124 participants were enrolled. Most participants (87.1%) had no side effects and 79.8% felt satisfied after treatment. However, 62.1% had metabolic syndrome, 48.4% had hypertension and 37.9% had diabetes. Furthermore, 71.8% patients were considered to have medium-to-high risk based on Framingham risk scores. In the multiple regression model, after adjusting for education level, other chronic diseases were negatively associated with health-promoting behaviours in participants. Conclusions: Although there were few side effects and most patients were satisfied after treatment, there was a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases and less adoption of healthy behaviours in CHC patients. Despite the small sample size, the study suggests that clinicians can reduce the burden of the aforementioned comorbidities by providing adequate treatment and individualized lifestyle modification. Impact: This study highlights that primary healthcare providers should consider the health needs of CHC patients after DAA treatment since many patients have high cardiometabolic risks, but only a few adopt a healthy lifestyle. Further studies are needed to initiate health-promoting programs for these patients to reduce further injury to vital organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of the near-ultraviolet (NUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with wide (14-nmthick) and narrow (2-nm-thick) wells under the situations of different numbers of wells and degree of polarization are systematically investigated. The simulation results show that the Auger recombination can be efficiently suppressed with the increase of number of wells in NUV LEDs. For the LEDs with wide wells, the quantum-confined Stark effect and Shockley–Read–Hall recombination play an important role when the number of wells increases, especially when the LED is under low current injection or high degree of polarization. In order to take the advantage of using wide wells, it is proposed that the quaternary Al0.1In0.05Ga0.85N barriers be used in wide-well NUV LEDs along with the use of Al0.3Ga0.7N/Al0.1Ga0.9N superlattice electron-blocking layer to mitigate the polarization effect and electron overflow. With this band-engineering structural design, the optical performance of the wide-well NUV LEDs is much better than its thin-well counterpart even under the situation of high degree of polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disposal of automotive shredder residue (ASR) directly affects China's goal of achieving a 95% recycling rate for end-of-life vehicles. Pyrolysis and gasification have gradually become the most commonly used thermochemical technologies for ASR recycling. To obtain more hydrogen-rich syngas, it is necessary to determine the optimal process parameters of the ASR pyrolysis and gasification process. The main process parameters of the two-stage ASR pyrolysis and gasification process were studied using the established Aspen Plus model. Through analyzing the effects of process parameters, such as the temperature, equivalence ratio, and mass ratio of steam to ASR feedstock, on the product distribution and product characteristics of ASR pyrolysis and gasification, the optimal process parameters were determined. A series of comparative experiments under different conditions were conducted. The experimental results verified the accuracy and reliability of the Aspen Plus simulation model for the ASR pyrolysis and gasification processes and verified the practical feasibility of the process parameters obtained from the simulation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there have been reports of separate studies of photon-enhanced and plasmon-enhanced light harvesting to improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency, there are none that have achieved simultaneous enhancement in both photonic and plasmonic effects in PSCs. In this work, we designed a layer of tapered coaxial humps (TCHs) to harvest both in PSCs. The light absorption behavior of the textured perovskite layer in PSCs was systematically investigated through the finite element method (FEM). The calculation results show that the TCH-textured perovskite layer absorbs 67.6% of visible light under AM 1.5G solar irradiation, a 21.8% increase relative to the planar reference cell without TCHs. Using this design, a perovskite thickness of only 106 nm is needed to realize the full light absorption that normally requires 300-nm-thick perovskite without TCHs. To reveal the mechanism of light absorption enhancement, the specific field distributions were studied. We demonstrated that different photonic modes and plasmonic modes collectively result in remarkable light absorption enhancement in the 500-800 nm wavelength range. The textured PSCs reported herein provide an effective method to decrease Pb-based perovskite consumption and realize angleinsensitive and ultrathin PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing problem among aging population, and the number of individuals at risk of end stage renal disease is rising. Part of the reason lies in incomplete understanding of the pathways underlying renal aging and kidney disease, as well as insufficient delivery of evidence-based treatment to elderly patients with CKD. This review aims to address these unsolved issues by delineating updated mechanisms of renal senescence and summarizing recent findings on key clinical aspects of CKD in the elderly. Challenges and obstacles in caring for older people with CKD are discussed, with an emphasis on modification of risk factors, prevention of acute kidney injury, stabilization of progression and decision on dialysis initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]