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This study was aimed to find out the effect of five light spectra (white, LDW; blue, LDB; green, LDG; red, LDR and yellow, LDY) on the visual development and growth performance of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) larvae. The number (per 100 μm) of cone cells, outer nuclear cells, ganglion cells, the ratio of outer nuclear to cone and ganglion cells, lens diameter and the minimum separable angle were determined. Variations in growth performance in total length, body mass and body colour were also examined. The results showed that the LDB group underwent metamorphosis faster than did the other groups and attained the greatest total length, body mass and light sensitivity. The LDB group also completed the body colour variation prior to the other groups. The LDG group exhibited a high mortality rate since 25 dph (days post‐hatching). We arrived at the conclusions that the spectra could affect the vision and body development of turbot larvae specifically and the blue light had the enhancing efficiency during this process, followed by the white and yellow light. The red light imposed an inhibiting effect on these variations. Our study highlighted the significance of light condition and provided the reference for the farming.

In this study, the concentration/activity of the immune components in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) seminal plasma at four time points with the intervals of 2 weeks has been summarized. The results showed that the concentrations of transferrin (TF), transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), complement 3 (C3), IgM and interferon-1β (IL-1β) varied as experiment went on; it was the same with the activities of protease, lactate dehydrogenase and lysozyme. The correlation analysis showed that C3 and IgM were most positively related to motility and straight-line velocity (VSL)/curvilinear velocity (VCL), whereas protease was most negatively correlated with motility and VSL/VCL. This study highlighted the importance in the necessity and possibility in improving the sperm quality during the actual production.

Objectives The objective of this experiment was to investigate spinal anaesthetic effects of pramoxine and its comparison with bupivacaine, a long-lasting local anaesthetic. Methods After intrathecal injection, three neurobehavioural assessments, which consisted of nociceptive, proprioceptive and motor block, were constructed in rats. The effects of bupivacaine and pramoxine (four doses of each drug) in a dose-related manner were conducted to obtain the ED50 (50% effective dose). Pramoxine potency and duration at provoking spinal nociceptive, proprioceptive and motor block were compared with those of bupivacaine. Key findings We manifested that pramoxine provoked dose-relatedly spinal blockades of nociception, proprioception and motor function. Based on the ED50, the rank potency at producing spinal nociceptive, proprioceptive and motor block was bupivacaine (0.90 (0.82–1.02), 1.00 (0.92–1.08) and 1.16 (1.02–1.34) μmol/kg) greater (P < 0.01 for the differences) than pramoxine (15.47 (14.04–17.05), 16.46 (15.06–17.99), and 17.77 (16.48–19.15) μmol/kg). The spinal block duration created by bupivacaine was not predominantly different (P > 0.05 for the differences) from that created by pramoxine at the equipotent doses (ED75, ED50 and ED25). Conclusions Our preclinical experiment indicated that pramoxine elicited a dose-related spinal block, was less potent than bupivacaine and had a similar duration of spinal block compared with bupivacaine.

Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices are widespread in the region, only few studies have focused on rotation tillage. To determine the effects of maize straw return on the nitrogen (N) efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we conducted experiments in this region for 3 years. Five treatments were tested: (i) rotary tillage without straw return (RT); (ii) deep plowing tillage without straw return (DT); (iii) rotary tillage with total straw return (RS); (iv) deep plowing tillage with total straw return (DS); (v) rotary tillage of 2 years and deep plowing tillage in the 3rd year with total straw return (TS). Treatments with straw return increased kernels no. ear−1, thousand-kernel weight (TKW), grain yields, ratio of dry matter accumulation post-anthesis, and nitrogen (N) efficiency whereas reduced the ears no. ha−1 in the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons. Compared with the rotary tillage, deep plowing tillage significantly increased the grain yield, yield components, total dry matter accumulation, and N efficiency in 2013–2014. RS had significantly higher straw N distribution, soil inorganic nitrogen content, and soil enzymes activities in the 0–10 cm soil layer compared with the DS and TS. However, significantly lower values were observed in the 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil layers. TS obtained approximately equal grain yield as DS, and it also reduced the resource costs. Therefore, we conclude that TS is the most economical method for increasing grain yield and N efficiency of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

The goal of the experimental design was to assess the cutaneous analgesic effect of mexiletine by co-injection with clonidine. The effect of nociceptive block was evaluated according to the inhibition of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (CTMR) in response to skin pinpricks in rats. The dose-related analgesic effect of mexiletine alone or mexiletine co-administrated with clonidine was constructed after subcutaneous injection. Subcutaneous injections of mexiletine elicited dose-related cutaneous analgesia. Compared with mexiletine (1.8 μmol), adding clonidine to mexiletine (1.8 μmol) solutions for skin nociceptive block potentiated and prolonged the action ( p 0.01). Mexiletine (6 μmol) combined with clonidine extended the duration of cutaneous analgesia when compared with mexiletine (6 μmol) alone ( p 0.01). Co-administration of clonidine increases the potency and extends the duration of cutaneous analgesia by mexiletine, and the minimal dose of clonidine to intensify the analgesic effect is 0.06 μmol.

To compare the clinical effect of acupuncture at "three points of iliolumbar" combined with celecoxib and celecoxib alone in the treatment of iliopsoas muscle strain.A total of 60 patients with iliopsoas muscle strain were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 patients in each group. Celecoxib was given orally to both groups, 200 mg once a day for 3 days. On the basis of the above drugs, acupuncture was applied atAfter treatment, the JOA scores in the two groups were increased (bothAcupuncture at "three points of ilioumbar" combined with celecoxib in the treatment of iliopsoas muscle strain can improve lumbar function, relieve pain and reduce 5-HT content in serum, which is better than celecoxib alone.

The incidence and mortality of site-specific cancers in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance dialysis have been rarely studied for Asian populations. We tapped Taiwan`s National Health Insurance Research Database to identify and recruit patients starting maintenance dialysis between 1999 and 2004. They were followed from initiation of dialysis until death, discontinuation of dialysis, or the end of 2008. We calculated the survival rate and mortality risk of dialysis patients with cancer. Of 40,833 dialysis patients, 2352 (5.8%) had been newly diagnosed with cancer. Being older, being male, and having chronic liver disease were factors associated with a higher risk for new cancer in ESRD dialysis patients. In men, liver cancer (20.63%) was the most frequent, followed by cancers of the bladder (16.88%) and kidney (11.61%). In women, bladder cancer (25.57%) was the most frequent, followed by cancers of the kidney (16.31%) and breast (11.20%). The 5-year survival rates for kidney and bladder cancer were higher than for other cancers; the survival rates for lung, stomach, and liver cancer were lower. In conclusion, the distribution of site-specific cancer was different between men and women in patients with ESRD on dialysis. More attention should be paid to teaching dialysis patients how to avoid the well-known cancer risks and carcinogens and individualized regular cancer screenings.

Pancreatitis is a type of inflammation in the pancreas, which frequently occurs due to alcohol and gallstones. The present study aimed to identify pancreatitis‑associated microRNAs (miRNAs) by analyzing the microarray of GSE24279. GSE24279 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, composed of a collective of 27 pancreatitis and 22 normal control samples. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DE‑miRNAs) in pancreatitis samples were screened using the Limma package in Bioconductor. Subsequently, target genes of the DE‑miRNAs were predicted using the miRecords and miRWalk databases. Their potential functions were analyzed by functional and pathway enrichment analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery online tool. Finally, pancreatitis‑associated genes among the target genes identified were searched using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, and a regulatory network of pancreatitis‑associated genes and their target miRNAs were constructed using Cytoscape software. A total 14 upregulated and 39 downregulated miRNAs were identified in pancreatitis samples compared with control samples and 290 target genes of DE‑miRNAs were determined. Cyclin D1 (CCND1), v‑akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 (AKT2), cyclin‑dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) were involved in the pathway of pancreatic cancer. Among the target genes, 279 genes were pancreatitis‑associated genes, which in turn were targeted by 37 miRNAs in the regulatory network. Hsa‑miR‑15a, hsa‑miR‑16, hsa‑miR‑155, hsa‑miR‑375 and hsa‑miR‑429 in particular may be involved in pancreatitis by targeting genes in the regulatory network, including hsa‑miR‑15a→CCND1, hsa‑miR‑16→CCND1, hsa‑miR‑155→CCND1/SMAD2, hsa‑miR‑375→AKT2/CDK6 and hsa‑miR‑429→CCND1. The above miRNAs and their targets may contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatitis; therefore, they may be potential therapeutic targets.

The hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells to increase power conversion efficiency ( PCE ) and improve the stability have been studied in recent years. In this paper, a novel asymmetric 2,9,16-triphenoxy-23-nitrophthalocyaninatocobalt (CoPcNO 2 -OPh) is synthesized, which can be employed as a promising hole transporting material in solid state perovskite solar cells. The three phenoxy groups introduced into phthalocyanine complex improved the solubility and inhibit the aggregation effectively. This material shows strong absorption and high thermal stability. The density functional theory (DFT) method of frontier molecular orbitals shows that the introduction of phenoxy and nitro can adjust the energy levels of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to −5.14 eV and −3.05 eV respectively, indicating that CoPcNO 2 -OPh can be used as an hole transporting material. The optimized devices achieved a high open-circuit voltage of 1.04 V with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.24% under AM1.5 G standard conditions. The introduction of this new HTM offers a new and effective tool towards engineering the stability for large-scale applications.

The comprehensive impacts of series resonance type fault current limiter (FCL) on power system need further investigation and verification. With regard to switching on 500kV EHV no-load transmission line, the instantaneous peak value, the free component oscillation frequency, the fundamental component amplitude and free component amplitude of terminal overvoltage waveform are simulated with and without installation of FCL considering different switching times. The relationship curves of free component oscillation period, the fundamental component amplitude and free component amplitude are gotten respectively by simulation results. The law of the influence of different fault current limiting reactance on terminal voltage of switching on no-load line is also summarized. The analysis results show that the installation of FCL is benefit for switching on no-load line.

The link between root growth, H₂O₂, auxin signaling, and the cell cycle in cadmium (Cd)-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhonghua No. 11) was analyzed in this study. Exposure to Cd induced a significant accumulation of Cd, but caused a decrease in zinc (Zn) content which resulted from the decreased expression of OsHMA9 and OsZIP. Analysis using a Cd-specific probe showed that Cd was mainly localized in the meristematic zone and vascular tissues. Formation and elongation of the root system were significantly promoted by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT), but were markedly inhibited by N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) under Cd stress. The effect of H₂O₂ on Cd-stressed root growth was further confirmed by examining a gain-of-function rice mutant (carrying catalase1 and glutathione-S-transferase) in the presence or absence of diphenylene iodonium. DR5-GUS staining revealed close associations between H₂O₂ and the concentration and distribution of auxin. H₂O₂ affected the expression of key genes, including OsYUCCA, OsPIN, OsARF, and OsIAA, in the auxin signaling pathway in Cd-treated plants. These results suggest that H₂O₂ functions upstream of the auxin signaling pathway. Furthermore, H₂O₂ modified the expression of cell-cycle genes in Cd-treated roots. The effects of H₂O₂ on root system growth are therefore linked to auxin signal modification and to variations in the expression of cell-cycle genes in Cd-stressed rice. A working model for the effects of H₂O₂ on Cd-stressed root system growth is thus proposed and discussed in this paper.

N-acetyltransferase 9 (NAT9) is an important reproduction-related gene in fish. In this study, we cloned the fulllength NAT9 cDNA sequence from yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. P. fulvidraco NAT9 cDNA is 1253 bp, which including non-coding region (584 bp) and open reading frame (669 bp). NAT9 gene encodes a 222 amino acidsprotein which shares high homology with NAT9 in four species: Ietalurus punetaus (91%), Astyanax mexicanus (83%), Danio rerio (81%) and Lepisosteus oculatus (81%). NAT9 protein is 25.7899 kD, 4.86 theoretical isoelectric point and C1124H1759N311O359S13 as revealed by computer-assisted analysis. Tissue transcription profile analysis indicated that the catfish NAT9 gene is generally but differentially expressed in the detected tissues, including gonads, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, blood, gills, muscle and heart. Identification and tissue distribution of yellow catfish NAT9 genes provided initial step towards understanding their biological roles in yellow catfish.

Both mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) and ficolins recognize and bind carbohydrates in pathogens and activate complement leading to opsonization, leukocyte activation, and direct pathogen clean. While MBLs have been reported in many fish species, the function of ficolins had not been identified in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, despite their importance in invertebrate and higher vertebrate innate immunity. Although microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) this protein has similar fibrinogen-like domain, has expression in fish, the role of it has not been dissected. We cloned three MFAP4 genes (1MFAP4, 2MFAP4 and 3MFAP4) from the yellow catfish, P. fulvidraco. The homology similarity of MFAP4 was 78% with Astyanax mexicanus of Cypriniformes. The yellow catfish MFAP4 transcripts expression analysis revealed difference of patterns of homeostatic expression among the genes in gill, blood, muscle, gonad, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, heart, intestine from male and female, respectively. Expression of the three MFAP4 transcripts showed significant expression changes in 4 h after infection with either Edwardsiella ictaluri or Flavobacterium columnare, which has modulation of expression continuing up to 24 h or 7 d following pathogen exposure. Several different tissues and gene-specific patterns were captured and transcript expression changes of >11.45-fold were observed over the course of the bacterial challenges. This information elucidates the functions of individual MFAP4 genes in regards to pathogen recognition, binding, and their larger immune context.

Integrins - β are highly conserved pleiotropic cytokine. In this study, we cloned the full - length cDNA sequence of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco integrin - β1 and integrin - β3 gene. The Integrin - β1 cDNA is 2816 bp in length and encodes a protein of 461 amino acids. Integrin - β3 cDNA is 1713 bp in length and encodes 479 amino acids. Integrins - β were classified strictly with the same type of proteins by phylogenetic analysis. Stegastes partitus integrins - β was classified on the same phylogenetic branch compared with other fish. Tissue transcription profile analysis indicated that, in the healthy P. fulvidraco, integrins - β mRNA was predominantly expressed in the liver and brain, follow by gill and spleen. The P. fulvidraco integrins - β shares high homology with the Cypriniformes Danio rerio (83% ~87%). Expression of the two Integrins - β transcripts showed significant expression changes in 4 h after infection with Flavobacterium columnare, which has modulation of expression continuing up to 3 d following pathogen exposure. Both of the integrin - β genes were significantly up - regulated at 24 h in spleen and liver after infection tissue. Integrin - β3 showed the most sensitive to F. columnare, suppressing expression - 6.34 - fold at 24h. This informations elucidates the functions of individual integrins - β genes in regards to pathogen recognition, binding, and their larger immune context.

China is very rich in mud fish and some detailed studies were classified and biological studies have been carried out. But many, such as genetics and evolutionary aspects, require further investigation. Here, we sequenced the complete mitogenome sequence of Triplophysa bombifrons and Triplophysa strauchii. They are circular molecule of 16 571 and 16 568 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop).

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and liver metastasis is one of the major causes of death of CRC. This study aimed to compare the genetic difference between metachronous lesions (MC) and synchronous lesions (SC) and explore the molecular pathology of CRC metastasis.Microarray expression profile data (GSE10961) including 8 MC and 10 SC was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified based on T test. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis was performed for the down-regulated DEGs using DAVID. Finally, Classify validation of known CRC genes based on previous studies between MC and SC samples was conducted.Total of 36 DEGs including 35 down-regulated DEGs and 1 up-regulated DEGs were identified. The expressional differences of the 5 informative oncogenes: EGFr, PIK3R1, PTGS2 (COX-2), PTGS1 (COX1), and ALOX5AP between SC and MC were really tiny.Some DEGs, such as NFAT5, OLR1, ERAP2, HOXC6 and TWIST1 might play crucial roles in the regulation of CRC metastasis (both SC and MC) and by disrupting some pathways. However, our results indeed demand further research and experiment.

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant pathogen of mink and the cause of haemorrhagic pneumonia, an acute fatal disease in farmed mink . Results Among 90 P. aeruginosa isolates from haemorrhagic pneumonia in mink from 16 farms in Shandong province, China, 43 genotypes were identified by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR), with a diversity index of 0.96. The most prevalent ERIC-PCR types were type 18, found in 16 isolates, and type 39, found in 15 isolates. Four serotypes were detected, with serotype G (55.6 per cent) being the most frequent. Conclusions These results showed that there was a high degree of clonal diversity among mink P. aeruginosa clinical isolates in this study.