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Literature Review (LR) is essential in research articles (RAs) but EFL learners often find writing LR a difficult task (e.g., [1]; [2]; [3]; [4]). Among the often-reported difficulties, how to organize an LR chapter is one of the main challenges (e.g., [5]; [6]). This paper thus aims to examine the rhetorical structures of the LR chapters in both master’s theses and doctoral dissertations written by the EFL learners in Taiwan. The purpose is to investigate how the authors organize the LR chapters in terms of move and step ([7]; [8, 9]) and if experiences of writing RAs have impacts on the use of move, i.e., on how the EAP writers organize the rhetorical structures of LR chapters. The findings of examining 20 master’s thesis and 20 doctoral dissertation LR chapters in the field of TESOL show the two groups of authors organized the LR chapters in a similar way. We claim that the master’s thesis and doctoral dissertation authors acquired the rhetorical structures and writing conventions of the TESOL discourse community through instructions, training, and experiences. The findings provide further supports to the notions of discourse community and shared writing conventions and to the needs of including the genre knowledge in EAP learners’ writing curriculum.

A coupled plasmon waveguide resonance (CPWR)-based optical sensor takes advantage of the evanescent wave at a waveguide boundary to excite surface plasmon polaritons, which can link waveguide electromagnetic energy to a surface plasmon wave to enhance the propagating surface plasmon resonance. Herein, a novel optical sensor having a BK7 prism/Ag/SiO2/SiO2:Ag structure and that couples the localised surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles in a SiO2 film was designed and fabricated. The results showed that the proposed sensor exhibited higher sensitivity (~1396.85 nm RIU−1) and figure of merit (~11.36 RIU−1) values than a traditional CPWR optical sensor (i.e., 368.50 nm RIU−1 and 1.72 RIU−1, respectively). Moreover, the resonance wavelength could be tuned to the near-infrared region by adjusting the thickness of the SiO2 interlayer or the Ag content of the top SiO2 layer. Simulations and experimental data confirmed that the CPWR-based sensor exhibited superior optical sensing performance.

Background：Concerns are increasing over the importance of the hospital intensive care units (ICU) for the transmission of extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBLs) -producing Enterobacteriaceae. We reported the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of ESBLs isolates collected from a tertiary care hospital in China. Methods：Escherichia coli（E. coli）and Enterobacter cloacae （E. cloacae）isolates from ICU infection samples were isolated and identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and production of ESBLs were determined by using the disk diffusion method and the broth microdilution method. Clonality of isolates was determined by ERIC-PCR techniques. Results：From the included the 223 strains isolated from hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections in ICU during 2016 to 2018, the majority of isolates belonged to Gram-negative Enerobacteriaceae including E. coli (46.6% of all strains), and E. cloacae (46.2% of all strains). 63.25% of samples were separated from sputum or tracheal secretions. All of 207 isolates, ESBL-screen positive E. coli was 45.2% (47/104), and 44.7% (46/103) for E. cloacae. Resistance rates of ESBLs-producing E. coli and E. cloacae isolates were 95.5%-91.3% for ampicillin, 80.6%-76.1% for ampicillin/azobactam, 88.1%-28.3% for ciprofloxacin, 89.6%-15.2% for levofloxacin, 34.3%-45.7% for netilmicin, 82.1%-41.3% for compound sulfamethoxazole, 20.9%-43.5% for amikacin, 58.2%-37.0% for gentamicin, 20.9%-69.6% for piperacillin/tazobactam. All of ESBLs-producer isolates resistant to cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime in additon to aztreonam were 100%, whereas the susceptibilities of isolates to imipenem and meropenem were 100%. Results of ERIC-PCR in all of ESBLs-producing E. coli isolates exhibited 11 distinct patterns using a similarity coefficient of 0.8. And one distinct ERIC profiles were observed amongst 46 strains of ESBLs-producing E. cloacae. ERIC profiles demonstrated an outbreak of nosocomial infection and ESBLs-producing E. coli and E. cloacae prevalent in the ICU of this hospital.Conclusions：Our data indicate that the ESBLs-producing E. coli and E. cloacae clones are circulating in the ICU and constitute a major source for further disseminating in this hospital. It is necessary to increase surveillance and development of adequate prevention strategies.

Coupled plasmon-waveguide resonance (CPWR) biosensor uses the evanescent wave at the waveguide boundary to excite surface plasmon wave (SPW), which couples the energy of the optical field in the waveguide to surface plasmon wave to produce surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this paper, BK7 prism was combined with Ag/SiO2 structure, Ag nanoparticles were embedded on the surface of SiO2 waveguide layer to form a new CPWR biosensor. Ag nanoparticles can produced light-induced located surface plasmon resonance(LSPR). Resonance coupling between LSPR and CPWR can enhanced the penetration depth and figure of merit (FOM) of traditional biosensors. The finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) method was used to simulate the enhancement behavior of Ag nanoparticles, and to explore the influence of Ag nanoparticles density on the sensor performance. It was found that the penetration depth of the Ag nanoparticle enhanced CPWR biosensor was 1.75 times of that of the traditional CPWR biosensor, and the highest figure of merit was 1.8 times of that of the latter.

Near-infrared brain imaging technology has great potential as a non-invasive, real-time inspection technique. Silicon-tin (SiSn) alloy films could be a promising material for near-infrared brain detectors. This study mainly reports on the structure of amorphous silicon tin alloy thin films by Raman spectroscopy to investigate the influence of doped-Sn on an a-Si network. The variations in TO peak caused by the increase in Sn concentration indicate a decrease in the short-range order of the a-Si network. A model has been proposed to successfully explain the non-linear variation in Raman parameters of ITA/ITO and ILA+LO/ITO. The variations of Raman parameters of the films with a higher deposition temperature indicate the presence of SiSn nanocrystals, though the SiSn nanocrystals present no Raman peaks in Raman spectra. XRD and TEM analysis further illustrate the existence of nanocrystals. The ratio of photo/dark conductivity and optical bandgap results demonstrate that the films can be selected as a sensitive layer material for NIR-II region sensors.

Coupling of two distinct pharmacophores, carbazole and coumarin, endowed with different biological properties, afforded four hybrid compounds. The structures of the carbazole-coumarin hybrids were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. All of these compounds exhibited significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Among them, compound 4-((5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pentyl)oxy)-2H-chromen-2-one (3d) exhibited the best inhibition activity with IC50 of 3.75 μM for acetylcholinesterase from electric eel and 70.51 μM for human recombinant acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, the compound 7-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl propoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (3a) had the best antioxidant activity. The docking studies demonstrated that compound 3d could interact with both the catalytic active site and the peripheral anionic site of acetylcholinesterase. These attributes imply carbazole-coumarin hybrids as multifunctional agents for the Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

Near-infrared brain imaging technology has great advantages in brain imaging and inspection of brain disorders compared to traditional brain imaging technology. Silicon-tin (SiSn) alloys are expected to be the material for infrared brain imaging detectors. The structure and properties of the SiSn alloy thin films with relatively low Sn concentration, which are the key for it to be used in near-infrared brain imaging technology, have not been reported yet. Here, we report the deposition time, growth temperature, microstructure, resistivity, and transmittance of amorphous silicon-tin (a-Si1-xSnx) alloy thin films prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Reasonable deposition time and growth temperature for the preparation of the films are given in this paper. Sn nanocrystals are observed in the a-Si1-xSnx alloy thin films. The variations in resistivity and transmittance indicate that it has excellent electrical and optical properties so that it can be used as a near-infrared brain imaging detector material.

The diagnosis, treatment and efficacy evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) partly jury is controversy. We established the models of different damage to functional bundle, which is used on the ACL of rabbit knee, and analyzed the impact of different damage to functional bundle on ACL. 45 New Zealand, white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, anteromedial bundle (AMB) fracture group, posterolateral bundle (PLB) fracture group and no fracture group. When finishing building the models, 8 rabbits were killed randomly on the second, fourth and eighth week respectively. Finally, we can observe the general form of the meniscus through experimental HE staining. The two groups were similar to the general form. In addition, the surface was unsmooth in the HE staining experiment and the tissues were loose as well as collagen fibers of varying thickness. It is believed that it will cause meniscus regression along with the ruin of different functional bundle on the ACL.

Laboratory workers deal with clinical specimens, the threat of exposure to occupational hazards, emerging infectious agents, and antimicrobial-resistant microbes. During student training, it is necessary to strengthen their knowledge and skills in the laboratory. Education covers a range of biosafety and biosecurity principles and practices. 642 medical students from different medicine professions were classified into two groups as research objects and controls to explore the teaching reform of laboratory biosafety, biosecurity theory and experimental courses. Teacher designed programe-based learning (PBL) covered microbiology laboratory biosafety incidents, laboratory training, and the methods used in man-machine interactions in clinical practice. From a four stage reform of laboratory biosafety theory and experimental teaching, the protective awareness of biosafety of the students was strengthened. Students could also run standardized, timely detection protocols and treat laboratory biological factors arising from emergencies and accidents in clinical practice. These increased the competency and proficiency among BSL laboratory users and guarantee adherence to stipulations on biosafety and biosecurity.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) was one common pathogen that caused pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, and sepsis. The traditional culture methods costed long time and omission often existed. A new method was developed based on Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). A series of primers of autolysin (lytA) from S. pneumoniae were designed with specific primers soft, and set up LAMP system in detection of S. pneumoniae. Comparison of specificity and sensitivity results with culture and PCR method in 50 samples collected from patients with respiratory infections. The data demonstrated that the selected primers and reaction system in LAMP were respond to S. pneumoniae,not cross reacted to others bacteria. The detection of sensitivity to LAMP was 102CFU/mL. All of clinical specimens in the test, 9 cases (18.0%) were confirmed to be positive as S. pneumoniae,whereas, only 4(8.0%) were diagnosed by culture method. The LAMP technology has a specific, simple and accurate characteristic in differentiation S. Pneumoniae from clinical specimen.

Unibract Fritillary Bulb,as a fomous type of traditional Chinese medicine, derived from Sicuan in China. The objective of the study is to evaluate a kind of DNA assay kit to detect of Unibract Fritillary Bulb from their counterfiets in addition to optimizing its components and protocols. All genomic DNA from 20 samples of Unibract Fritillary Bulb were extracted by Pharmacopoeia method recorded in the expanded edition of China Pharmacopoeia (2010) and assay kit respectively, the PCR technique and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis (RFLP) were carried out to identify the authentication of Unibract Fritillary Bulb. The maximum value of genomic DNA extracted by Pharmacopoeia method is measured as 1.57± 0.05 (OD260/OD280) by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer, whereas, the value is 1.73±0.10 by assay kit. The results of PCR and RFLP indicated that a single band over 300bp was shown and two distinct bands between 100bp and 250bp in agarose electrophoresis. The data demonstrated that the assay kit was better than the Pharmacopoeia method, especially in extraction quantity and DNA purity of the Unibract Fritillary Bulb nucleic acid; the PCR and RFLP results shown the two methods were consistent compeletiy. The DNA detection Kit for identification of Unibract Fritillary Bulb have good specificity, high sensitivity as well as strong stability, so it is suitable for the rapid detection of Unibract Fritillary Bulb.

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and charateristics of Acinetobacter baumannii producing MBLs isolated from the several wards of the affiliated hospital in Jilin regions. The bioinformatics technology was used to design primers, sequence and blast, in conjunction with antibiotic susceptibility test and MBL screening method. The total of 119 were isolated from three wards and 88 strains (73.9 %) produced MBLs, the number of 31 strains (26.1%) didnt produce MBLs. All MBLs isolates showed same antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Among Acinetobacter baumannii producing MBLs, 78 strains (88.9%) were positive for blaOXA-23 gene, 10 strains (11.1%) contained blaVIM-2 gene. Plasmid profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were used to study the relatedness of isolates. All MBLs isolates were closely related by PFGE and plasmid analysis. This study confirmed the potential risk of spreading of Acinetobacter baumannii producing MBLs with inter-and intrahospital clonal transfer of patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the value index of tumor biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of bone metastasis by combining pyridinoline cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in serum with other biochemical markers in patients with several cancers. All of 1253 patients and biomarkers data with cancers and the related benign diseases and 312 healthy controls were included in the study. Bioinformatics, data mining technology and statistics were carried out to calculate sum of direct positive index (SDPI) and sum of indirect positive index (SIPI). The average ICTP was higher in patients with bone metastasis from liver, gastric, lung, colorectal and pancreatic cancer, than in cancer patients without bone metastasis. For those cancers patients with bone metastasis, which could not be differentiated by single ICTP, combining with SDPI and SIPI would distinguish types of carcinama in situ from similar symptoms. The measurement of multiple tumor markers was very useful in complementary diagnosis and prediction of different carcinoma with bone metastasis bottom.

Ten (2.7%) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were isolated from 370 samples of raw minced beef, mutton, pork, and chicken from the Jilin region of China; and additional 10 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were previously isolated from different Jilin regions. Seventeen of the isolates were multiresistant, exhibiting resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamycin, and streptomycin. Class 1 integrons were detected in nine (45.0%) of the STEC isolates and consisted of serogroups O157, O62, O113, O149, and O70. Integrons containing amplicons of a 0.5-1.5 or 1.0 kb gene cassette were found in seven (77.8%) of the integron-containing isolates. Sequencing analysis revealed that these gene cassettes encode genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim (dfrA1) and streptomycin (aadA1). The 0.5 kb cassette described here was found to encode a putative transporter peptide in the STEC. Seventeen isolates contained plasmids with different bands, and transfer by conjugation between strains of E. coli demonstrated that class 1 integrons located on mobile plasmids could contribute to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim amongst STEC. These data revealed the high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant STEC isolates in Jilin's surrounding regions, providing important and useful surveillance information reflecting antimicrobial selection pressure.

This study reported on Taguchi-Fuzzy logic model with statistical experiments to characterize the tungsten carbide/cobalt (WC-Co) deposited quality properties of the high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) process. The eight control factors were designed in a factorial orthogonal array experiment, and the effects of control parameters on the integrated surface properties were critically evaluated in the Taguchi designed experiments. A fuzzy logic system with knowledge bases in the inference engine was used to explore the relationships between variables and responses in the modified structures. In addition, the structure and properties of HVOF sprayed WC-Co coating were reported. Furthermore, a confirmation experiment of the optimal process was conducted. It was clear that HVOF sprayed WC-Co coating estimations are greatly improved through the Taguchi-Fuzzy logic operation, and these findings achieved the desired values in the modified properties.

The paper describes response surface methodology (RSM) based on design of experiments and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as a statistical design while developing a robust plasma transfer arc (PTA)coating process. Based on ANOVA, The relative important parameters with respect to surface at hardness values were identified in the Taguchi design, where they were further used in predictors. In addition, we applied three-dimensional graphs in RSM to develop a robust PTA response surface yielding the desired-better area of a treated layer. In this study, a quadratic polynomial with a Box-Behnken design is utilized. The results reveal that RSM provides the effective methods as compared to the traditional trial-and-error method for exploring the effects of controlled factors on response. A very good agreement was observed, as evidenced by R-squared value, 90%, between the predicted and the experimental data, and its error percent is found to be approximately 3.801% in the PTA-coating process. It is clear that RSM model demonstrated better accuracy in predicting surface hardness for PTA-coating process. Accordingly, RSM based on design of experiments was used as statistical PTA-coating design tools combined with the hardness model. Device zone optimization and yield enhancement have been demonstrated.

This study reports on the Grey relational system, with a statistical experiment to enhance the quality characteristics of yttria stabilized zirconia (ZrO2/8%Y2O3)coatings made by a plasma-sprayed process. The eight control factors were designed in an L18 factorial orthogonal array experiment, and the effects of the control parameters on the surface properties were critically evaluated in the experiments. The characteristic terms- surface roughness, porosity, hardness, and wear volume in the sprayed ZrO2/8%Y2O3 coatings through the optimization- were studied comparatively. A grey relational system, based on the Taguchi orthogonal experiment for optimizing multi-responses in the modified properties, was reported. In addition, the influence of control factors on the grey relational system for spraying processes was investigated by analysis of variance. In addition, a confirmation experiment was conducted. Experimental results have shown that the hardness increased by 31.19%, while the surface roughness decreased by 40.67%, the porosity was reduced by 53.53%, and the wear rate improved by 24.21%. It is clear that the quality characteristics for plasma sprayed coatings are greatly improved through grey relational analysis, and that these findings achieved the desired values in regard to the modified properties.

Purpose To establish a practical, fast and accurate identification method of tortoise shell, falsify amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) randomly and provide reliable basis for identification of tortoise shell. Method We use the Alkali cracking method to extract mitochondrial DNA from the tortoise shell and falsify and randomly do the amplification polymorphic DNA. Result The electrocardiogram of genuine and counterfeit goods tortoise shells mitochondrial DNA random amplified has obvious difference, the stripe number and location are all different, this method can effectively distinguish between genuine and counterfeit goods tortoise shells. Conclusion RAPD technology provides a simple, effective, high reliability for the identification of tortoise shell and its adulterants.

Tortoise shell is the dry breastplate and carapace of the testudinidae animal turtle (Chinemys reevesii (Gray)). Traditional identification methods can't meet the requirements of quality control of Tortoise shell market. We developed a detection kit for Tortoise shell DNA and to investigate the kit's index including specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and stability. The DNA detection kit was assembled by optimized salting out reagent and multiplex PCR reagent. The mtDNA of Tortoise shell was extracted by the kit, the multiplex PCR technique was carried out to authenticate samples of Tortoise shell. The value of mtDNA extracted by the kit was 1.80±0.05.The result of multiplex PCR indicated that two distinct bands at 335bp and 410bp were shown on the agarose gel electrophoresis in genuine Tortoise shell , but there was no band in fake samples. The specificity of the kit was 100%. The detection limit of the kit was 0.025g of each sample. The kit was effective after being frozen-thawed for 20 times, repeatability test indicated the same result through three times. The Tortoise shell DNA detection kit has properties with high specificity, good sensitivity and stability. So it is suitable for the rapid and accurate detection of Tortoise shell.

A numerical model of 2. 5D non-isothermal resin transfer molding simulation is developed for thin part based on the control volume/finite element method. The non-uniform temperature distribution and the heat generation during the filling stage are modeled with the lumped temperature system and the species balance. Numerical algorithm of the simulation are studied. The molding simulation for a part is performed to show the effectiveness of simulating filling time, temperature distribution and curing degree.

This study was carried out to explore the molecular occurrence and dissemination of P. aeruginosa producing ESBLs recovered from the different wards in the affiliated hospital, Jilin. Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted to use K-B disc diffusion in conjunction with ESBLs screening methods. Plasmid profiles were used to study the relatedness of isolates and bioinformatics method was used to detect of the class A-lactamase genes. Of all isolates, 91 strains were isolated from wounds at burn wards and 149 strains from wounds at surgery wards. The total of 210 strains (87.5%) produced ESBLs, 30 strains (12.5%,) didn't produce ESBLs. All ESBLs isolates showed identical antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. 37 strains (17.6%) were positive for blaSHV-12 gene, 43 strains (20.5%) contained blaTEM-24 gene, and 30 strains (14.3%) had blaCTX-M-1 gene, 20 strains(9.6%) contained blaCTX-M-2 gene, 27 strains(12.9%) contained blaCTX-M-3 gene, 29 strains(13.8%) contained blaPER gene, and 24(11.4%) strains contained blaVEB gene respectively. The data indicated a high prevalance of ESBL among Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this region and their enzyme types were diverse.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is closely correlated with the occurrence of cervical cancer and precancerous lesion, high risk HPV can induce cervical cancer by the corresponding protein of E6 and E7 gene expression. Earlier diagnosis and earlier prevention of HPV infection are the key points in blocking cervical cancer, and combined use of Chinese herbal preparations with Western medicine is the important way for preventing HPV infection and prohibiting cervical canceration. So, to develop anti-viral chemical compound from natural drugs has become the hotspot of research today.