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Background This systematic review investigates the efficacy and safety of Duohuojisheng decoction (DHJSD) monotherapy for the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods We searched relevant studies on DHJSD monotherapy for KOA from the databases of CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Information, and Wanfang Data from the inception to January 1, 2019. Two researchers independently selected studies, collected data, and assessed the methodology quality by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of DHJSD monotherapy for KOA by assessing the pain intensity, stiffness, and disability of affected knee joints, and quality of life, as well as the adverse events. Conclusion The results of this study provide latest updated evidence of DHJSD monotherapy alone for KOA. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is required for this systematic review, because it is based on the published data, and not on individual patient data. Its findings is published in a peer-reviewed journal. Prospero registration number PROSPERO CRD42019120405.

Quantum error correction is important to quantum information processing, which allows us to reliably process information encoded in quantum error correction codes. Efficient quantum error correction benefits from the knowledge of error rates. We propose a protocol for monitoring error rates in real time without interrupting the quantum error correction. Any adaptation of the quantum error correction code or its implementation circuit is not required. The protocol can be directly applied to the most advanced quantum error correction techniques, e.g. surface code. A Gaussian processes algorithm is used to estimate and predict error rates based on error correction data in the past. We find that using these estimated error rates, the probability of error correction failures can be significantly reduced by a factor increasing with the code distance., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures and 2 tables

Cold neutral atoms provide a versatile and controllable platform for emulating various quantum systems. Despite efforts to develop artificial gauge fields in these systems, realizing a unique ideal-solenoid-shaped magnetic field within the quantum domain in any real-world physical system remains elusive. Here we propose a scheme to generate a “hairline” solenoid with an extremely small size around 1 micrometer which is smaller than the typical coherence length in cold atoms. Correspondingly, interference effects will play a role in transport. Despite the small size, the magnetic flux imposed on the atoms is very large thanks to the very strong field generated inside the solenoid. By arranging different sets of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) lasers, the generation of Abelian and non-Abelian SU(2) lattice gauge fields is proposed for neutral atoms in ring- and square-shaped optical lattices. As an application, interference patterns of the magnetic type-I Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect are obtained by evolving atoms along a circle over several tens of lattice cells. During the evolution, the quantum coherence is maintained and the atoms are exposed to a large magnetic flux. The scheme requires only standard optical access, and is robust to weak particle interactions. Published version

Summarization: We propose a scheme to observe the crossover from weakly to strongly bound pairs with stationary polaritons. We first show how stationary light-matter excitations (polaritons) can realize an optically tunable two-component Bose-Hubbard model with repulsive intraspecies interactions and attractive interspecies interactions. We then discuss the feasibility of generating an effective Fermi-Hubbard model of polaritons exhibiting the crossover behavior. The predicted behavior of the system characterized by a crossover from short- to long-range spatial correlations as interactions are tuned can be efficiently observed by measuring correlation functions on the light exiting the waveguide. Presented on: Physical Review A

Summarization: We show that sine-Gordon and Bose-Hubbard dynamics with stationary polaritons could be observed in a hollow-core one-dimensional fiber loaded with a cold atomic gas. Utilizing the strong light confinement in the fiber, a range of different strongly correlated polaritonic and photonic states corresponding to both strong and weak interactions can be created and probed. The key ingredient is the creation of a tunable effective lattice potential acting on the interacting polaritonic gas, which is possible by slightly modulating the atomic density. We analyze the relevant phase diagram corresponding to the realizable Bose-Hubbard (weak) and sine-Gordon (strong) interacting regimes and conclude by describing the measurement process. The latter consists of mapping the stationary excitations to propagating light pulses whose correlations can be efficiently probed once they exit the fiber using available optical technologies. Presented on: Physical Review A

One of the most well known relativistic field theory models is the Thirring model (TM). Its realization can demonstrate the famous prediction for the renormalization of mass due to interactions. However, experimental verification of the latter requires complex accelerator experiments whereas analytical solutions of the model can be extremely cumbersome to obtain. In this work, following Feynman's original proposal, we propose a alternative quantum system as a simulator of the TM dynamics. Here the relativistic particles are mimicked, counter-intuitively, by polarized photons in a quantum nonlinear medium. We show that the entire set of regimes of the Thirring model -- bosonic or fermionic, and massless or massive -- can be faithfully reproduced using coherent light trapping techniques. The sought after correlations' scalings can be extracted by simple probing of the coherence functions of the light using standard optical techniques., Comment: 6 pages with 3 figures

Summarization: In this work we show that light-matter excitations (polaritons) generated inside a hollow-core one-dimensional fiber filled with two types of atoms, can exhibit Luttinger liquid behavior. We first explain how to prepare and drive this quantum-optical system to a strongly interacting regime, described by a bosonic two-component Lieb-Liniger model. Utilizing the connection between strongly interacting bosonic and fermionic systems, we then show how spin-charge separation could be observed by probing the correlations in the polaritons. This is performed by first mapping the polaritons to propagating photon pulses and then measuring the effective photonic spin and charge densities and velocities by analyzing the correlations in the emitted photon spectrum. The necessary regime of interactions is achievable with current quantum-optical technology. Presented on: Physical Review Letters

The pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats with doxorubicin-induced nephropathy and its possible roles in the pathogenesis of MCNS.Eighty-three male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into a control group (n=32) and a nephropathy group (n=51). Nephropathy was induced by a single tail vein injection of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg). The control group was injected with normal saline. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was measured 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection. IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues was determined using ELISA 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection.The urinary protein excretion increased significantly in the nephropathy group 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection compared with that in the control group (P0.01). IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues increased significantly 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after doxorubicin injection compared with that in the control group (P0.01). IL-6 expression in urine and renal tissues was positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein excretion in the nephropathy group (r=0.794, P0.01; r= 0.870, P0.01). IL-6 expression in urine was positively correlated with that in renal tissues (r=0.739, P0.01).IL-6 expression in the urine and renal tissues is increased in MCNS rats. IL-6 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of MCNS.

Based on the obtained exact results we systematically study the quench dynamics of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 transverse field Ising model with zero- and finite-temperature initial states. We focus on the magnetization of the system after a sudden change of the external field and a coherent time-evolution process. With a zero-temperature initial state, the quench magnetic susceptibility as a function of the initial field strength exhibits strongly similar scaling behaviors to those of the static magnetic susceptibility, and the quench magnetic susceptibility as a function of the final field strength shows a discontinuity at the quantum critical point. This discontinuity remains robust and always occurs at the quantum critical point even for the case of finite-temperature initial systems, which indicates a great advantage of employing quench dynamics to study quantum phase transitions., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

In this paper, we propose to directly detect Mott lobes, i.e. the order parameter 〈a〉, describing the Mott insulator (MI) to superfluid (SF) quantum phase transition of the Bose–Hubbard (BH) model. By weakly coupling the system to an environment in the SF phase, the U(1) symmetry breaking of the system is simulated, and the order parameter can be read from the AC Josephson current between the system and the environment. The relation between the order parameter and the Josephson current is obtained from both the mean-field theory approach and an exact numerical simulation of a finite-size example. Our numerical simulations show that the profile of the order parameter read from the Josephson current is different from it predicted by the mean-field theory, but similar to it in a system whose U(1) symmetry is broken by a weak field proportional to a + a†. This proposal is feasible in optical lattices.

We show that the spin-charge separation predicted for correlated fermions in one dimension, could be observed using polarized photons propagating in a nonlinear optical waveguide. Using coherent control techniques and employing a cold atom ensemble interacting with the photons, large nonlinearities in the single photon level can be achieved. We show that the latter can allow for the simulation of a strongly interacting gas, which is made of stationary dark-state polaritons of two species and then shown to form a Luttinger liquid of effective fermions for the right regime of interactions. The system can be tuned optically to the relevant regime where the spin-charge separation is expected to occur. The characteristic features of the separation as demonstrated in the different spin and charge densities and velocities can be efficiently detected via optical measurements of the emitted photons with current optical technologies., Comment: To appear in New Journal of Physics

We propose the simulation for an effective scheme to realize a spin network with tunable long-range couplings in the coupled cavity array with external multi-driving lasers. Via this scheme, the linear photon-like dispersion relation is achievable, which could be employed to perform a perfect quantum state transfer. Numerical results show that when applying two lasers in each cavity, the fidelity is higher than the highest fidelity of a classical transfer even for the transfer distance l increases up to 100 sites. In the simulation, as the number of lasers increases, the fidelity will be evidently enhanced for a wide range of l.