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Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the clinical effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) hydrogel in the treatment of residual wounds of extensive deep partial-thickness burn., Methods: In this study, 21 subjects who sustained deep partial-thickness burns, which did not heal over 8 weeks, were observed. These were randomly assigned to two paired groups: the experimental group (using rhGM-CSF, n = 21) and the control group (using mupirocin ointment, n = 21). The wound dressings were changed once daily. Wound secretion, inflammation, granulation tissues, local and general side effects of the drug, wound healing time, and healing rate at different times were observed and compared between the two groups. The differences in the pathology of new vessels and fibroblasts between the two groups were observed, and their number in immunohistochemistry was detected., Results: The wound healing time was 17.28 ± 6.70 days in the experimental group. It was significantly shorter than that of the control group (22.14 ± 7.38 days). The healing rates at 10 and 14 days in the experimental group were 54 ± 27% and 60 ± 36%, respectively. These healing rates were remarkably higher than those of the control group (43 ± 27% and 48 ± 30%). On the 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th day, the experimental group was obviously superior to the control group in wound inflammation, secretion, and granulation tissues. Furthermore, on the 7th, 10th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day, the bacterial clearance rates of the experimental group (42.85%, 52.38%, 90.47%, 95.24%, and 95.24%) were higher than those of the control group (4.76%, 4.76%, 38.10%, 76.19%, and 80.95%). On the 14th day, the average optical density of the vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) of the experimental group (0.21 ± 0.01) is bigger than that of the control group (0.18 ± 0.02) (P < 0.05), and the average optical density of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) of the experimental group (0.25 ± 0.01) is also larger than that of the control group (0.18 ± 0.02) (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: rhGM-CSF hydrogel effectively promotes the healing process of residual wounds of extensive deep partial-thickness burns. The hydrogel removed most of the bacteria or inhibited growth, and the local and general side reactions of the drug were mild during the study., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)

Neoalsoside A, a new dammarane saponin, was isolated from Neoalsomitra integrifoliola and characterized as 12 beta, 23 beta, 25-trihydroxy-(20S)(24S)-epoxydammarane 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl(1----2)-alpha -rhamnosyl(1---- 3)-beta-D-glucoside.