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Our aim was to explore the effects of dietary and behavior interventions on lipometabolism caused by an unhealthy high-fat diet and the best method to rebuild lipid homeostasis of this lifestyle. Apart from normal diet rats, 34 rats were fed with high-fat emulsion for 4 weeks and then intervened for another 4 weeks. Eight of them were classified into high-fat control group, and 9 were sorted into high-fat diet with rice vinegar group. Meanwhile, 10 were put into high-fat diet in swimming group, and 7 were just for refeeding normal diet group. Then, the data of body weight was recorded and analyzed. Indexes of serum samples were tested by kits. AMPKα, HNF1α, and CTRP6 in pancreas, liver, cardiac, and epididymis adipose tissues were detected by western blot. According to our experiments, swimming and refeeding groups reflected a better regulation on lipid homeostasis mainly by upregulating the expression of pancreas AMPKα. To be more specific, the refeeding rats showed lower T-CHO ( P < 0.001 ) and LDL-C ( P < 0.05 ), but higher weight gain ( P < 0.001 ), insulin level ( P < 0.01 ), and pancreas AMPKα ( P < 0.01 ) than high-fat control rats. Compared with rats intervened by swimming or rice vinegar, they showed higher weight gain ( P < 0.001 ), insulin level ( P < 0.01 ), and HNF1α, but lower of CTRP6. In summary, refeeding diet functioned better in regulating the lipometabolic level after high-fat diet. Whatever approach mentioned above we adopted to intervene, the best policy to keep the balance of lipid homeostasis is to maintain a healthy diet.

BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tears are common. A previous systematic review reported on factors associated with rotator cuff tears; however, it included relatively few studies and few variables, and in addition, it had considerable heterogeneity. To identify the factors associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears and to help guide clinicians to potentially modifiable factors, we felt a broader and more inclusive meta-analysis would be useful. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we asked what (1) demographic, (2) disease, and (3) imaging factors are associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears? METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched, and the search period were from the inception of each database through February 2021. The keywords included "risk factor," "rotator cuff injury," "rotator cuff tears," and "rotator cuff tendinitis." All comparative studies on symptomatic rotator cuff tears were included. We considered that the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear could be made by any imaging tool (MRI or ultrasound). We considered either partial-or full-thickness tears to be a rotator cuff tear. No language restrictions were applied. Twenty-six articles from 14 countries involving 9809 individuals, consisting of 3164 patients and 6645 controls, were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies, and the highest scores were 9 and 11, respectively. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for retrospective comparative studies, and the AHRQ was used to evaluate prospective comparative studies. The eight retrospective comparative studies we included were scored from 4 to 9. The quality score of the 18 prospective comparative studies ranged from 6 to 9. Publication bias was explored using the Egger test. Heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 value. If there was no heterogeneity (I2 ≤ 50%), a fixed-effects model was used to determine the overall effect size; if there was heterogeneity (I2 > 50%), a random-effects model was used to merge the effect values. A meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3, and the risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference of related factors were calculated. RESULTS Our meta-analysis identified the following demographic factors associated with an increased risk of rotator cuff tears: older age (mean difference 3.1 [95% CI 1.4 to 4.8]; p < 0.001), greater BMI (mean difference 0.77 [95% CI 0.37 to 1.17]; p < 0.001), smoking (RR 1.32 [95% CI 1.17 to 1.49]; p < 0.001), dominant arm (RR 1.15 [95% CI 1.06 to 1.24]; p < 0.001), greater height (mean difference 0.9 [95% CI 0.4 to 1.4]; p < 0.001), and heavier weight (mean difference 2.24 [95% CI 0.82 to 3.66]; p = 0.002). Regarding disease factors, we found that traumatic events (RR 1.91 [95% CI 1.40 to 2.54]; p < 0.001) and hypertension (RR 1.50 [95% CI 1.32 to 1.70]; p < 0.001) were associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears. Regarding imaging factors, we found that the following three factors were associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears: greater acromion index (mean difference 0.11 [95% CI 0.06 to 0.16]; p < 0.001), greater critical shoulder angle (mean difference 1.9 [95% CI 1.5 to 2.3]; p < 0.001), and smaller glenoid version angle (mean difference -1.3 [95% CI -1.9 to -0.8]; p < 0.001). We found no association between the patient's sex or the presence or absence of thyroid disease and the likelihood of a rotator cuff tear being present. CONCLUSION This study identified several factors associated with symptomatic rotator cuff tears, including blood glucose, blood pressure, weight, and smoking. Clinicians may seek to modify these factors, possibly in patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears, but also in symptomatic patients who have not yet been diagnosed with rotator cuff tears because there would be no harm or risk associated with modifying any of the factors we identified. Future research should further study whether addressing these factors can delay the progression and size of rotator cuff tears.Level of Evidence Level III, prognostic study.

Improving the electrocatalytic properties by regulating the surface electronic structure of supported metals has always been a hot issue in electrocatalysis. Herein, two novel catalysts Pd/B-N-Ti

The Jinwu Gutong (JWGT) capsule is a Chinese patent medicine that is widely used in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and osteoporosis in China and is considered to have the potential for good clinical efficacy.The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of JWGT in the treatment of KOA.We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to identify clinical trials that explore the use of JWGT only or JWGT combined with Western drugs (JWGT group) compared with the use of conventional Western drugs (Western drugs group) for the treatment of KOA. The clinical trials, that were retrieved from each database from the inception of the database to December 2021, were screened. We used the risk of bias assessment tool recommended by Cochrane to evaluate the quality of the included literature and RevMan 5.3 software for data analysis.A total of 17 clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this study, with a total of 1930 participants, including 1015 people in the experimental group and 915 people in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the JWGT group exhibited better efficacy than the Western drug group with respect to WOMAC score (WMD = -6.25, 95% CI = -8.09 to -4.41, P 0.001), VAS score (WMD = -1.36, 95% CI = -2.17 to -0.55, P = 0.001), KSS score (WMD = 23.01, 95% CI = 21.42 to 24.59, P 0.001), IL-6 (SMD = -3.30, 95% CI = -4.84 to -1.76, P 0.001), TNF-α (SMD = -1.70, 95% CI = -2.02 to -1.38, P 0.001). The effective rate (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.83 to 3.57, P 0.001) and incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the JWGT group than in the control group (OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.21, P 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that JWGT + NSAIDs had more advantages in regard to efficacy (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.35 to 3.12, P 0.001), and reducing adverse reactions (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.18, P 0.001), VAS score (WMD = -1.00, 95% CI = -1.93 to -0.07, P = 0.04), KSS score (WMD = 17.39, 95% CI = 15.39 to 19.39, P 0.001), WOMAC score (WMD = -2.84, 95% CI = -10.75 to 5.08, P 0.001), IL-6 (SMD = -1.42, 95% CI = -2.08 to -0.75, P 0.001) and TNF-α (SMD = -1.68, 95% CI = -1.93 to -1.43, P 0.001) than NSAIDs alone. Compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) alone, JWGT + HA had better clinical efficacy (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.48 to 6.40, P 0.001). Compared with glucosamine (GS) alone, JWGT + GS significantly reduced the Lequesne index score (WMD = -0.53, 95% CI = -0.85 to -0.21, P = 0.001) and the serum TNF-α level (SMD = -1.68, 95% CI = -1.93 to -1.43, P 0.001), but it had no significant advantage in reducing the serum IL-6 level (SMD = -4.53, 95% CI = -10.13 to 1.07, P = 0.11).JWGT is considered effective and safe in the treatment of KOA and is worthy of clinical application. In addition, the application of JWGT combined with NSAIDs, HA or GS can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of the latter agents in KOA treatment.

Background: The pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears remains unclear, and there is a lack of high-quality evidence-based research on the risk factors for supraspinatus tears. Purpose: To explore 10 potential risk factors for supraspinatus muscle tears. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This review was conducted according to the MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies published before January 2021 on supraspinatus tears. The following potential risk factors were analyzed: age, body mass index, male sex, female sex, arm dominance, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, thyroid disease, and the critical shoulder angle (CSA). Risk ratios (RRs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) of related risk were calculated. The Egger test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results: A total of 9 articles from 8 countries were included; among the 3240 patients, 687 were included in the supraspinatus tear group, and 2553 were included in the nonsupraspinatus tear group. The meta-analysis showed that older age (WMD, 3.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53-6.20]; P = .02), male sex (RR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.78-0.97]; P = .01), smoking (RR, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.56-3.14]; P < .00001), diabetes (RR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.03-2.70]; P = .04), hypertension (RR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.16-1.97]; P = .002), and the CSA (WMD, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.39-3.12]; P < .00001) were risk factors for supraspinatus tears. Conclusion: Older age, male sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and a higher CSA were found to be risk factors for supraspinatus tears in this meta-analysis review. Identifying risk factors for supraspinatus tears early can help clinicians identify these high-risk patients and choose appropriate treatments.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.ParticipantsPatients with KOA.InterventionsUse of MSCs+PRP.Primary and secondary outcomesVisual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and adverse reactions.Data sourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from inception to 15 July 2021.MeasuresThe OR or weighted mean difference (WMD) of relevant outcome indicators was calculated. Study quality was evaluated using the risk-of-bias assessment tool version 2.0. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by calculating I2. If I2＜50%, a fixed-effect model was applied; conversely, if I2≥50%, a random-effect model was applied.ResultsSix controlled clinical trials with 493 cases were included. The meta-analysis results showed that in terms of the VAS score 3 months after treatment, MSCs+PRP had no significant effect on the reduction of the VAS score in patients with KOA compared with the control (p=0.09), hyaluronic acid (HA) (p=0.15) or PRP alone (p=0.07). MSCs+PRP was more effective in reducing the VAS score at 6 and 12 months after treatment than the control (WMD=−0.55, 95% CI −0.87 to −0.22, pConclusionsTreatment with MSCs+PRP showed good clinical efficacy in improving pain and joint function in patients with KOA. Compared with MSCs alone, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions with MSCs+PRP.PROSPERO registration numberCRD 42021275830.

Background and aims A variety of peripheral nerve block methods are used in the clinic to enhance the effect of postoperative analgesia. In recent years, an increasing number of surgeons have considered the efficacy and safety of suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) combined with axillary nerve block (ANB) for controlling perioperative pain in shoulder arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of SSNB + ANB and interscalene block (ISB) versus SSNB alone for shoulder arthroscopic surgery. Study design Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods The protocol for this meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021254008). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and CNKI were searched for RCTs from inception to April 30, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 to calculate the RR or WMD of related outcome indicators. Results Nine RCTs involving 543 cases from 5 countries were included. Compared with SSNB alone, SSNB + ANB was more effective at pain relief at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h postoperatively. In terms of patient satisfaction score, scores for SSNB + ANB at 12 (WMD = 2.01, 95% CI = 0.25 to 3.78) and 24 (WMD = 1.68, 95% CI = 0.11 to 3.24) hours after the operation were higher than those of SSNB alone, but there was no significant difference at 36 and 48 h postsurgery. There was no significant difference in pain score between SSNB + ANB and ISB at 6 and 12 h after surgery or in patient satisfaction at 24 h (WMD = 0.13, 95% CI = −0.36 to 0.63) postsurgery between SSNB + ANB and ISB. In terms of safety, compared with ISB, SSNB + ANB reduced the incidence of dyspnea (RR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.68). Conclusions Compared with SSNB alone, SSNB + ANB has better advantages regarding pain relief and patient satisfaction within 24 h after surgery. Compared with ISB, SSNB + ANB shows no difference in postoperative pain relief or patient satisfaction, but SSNB + ANB can reduce the incidence of dyspnea more than ISB.

Background Retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) consistently challenges medical staff and patients, and the incidence of retear after surgery is 10%-94%. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that cause retear after ARCR and provide theoretical guidance for clinical intervention to reduce the occurrence of postoperative rotator cuff retear. Methods The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021225088). PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for observational studies on risk factors for rotator cuff retear after arthroscopic repair. Meta-analytical methods were used to determine the odds ratio or weighted mean difference of potential risk factors related to postoperative rotator cuff retear. Stata 15.1 was used to quantitatively evaluate the publication bias of the statistical results. Results Fourteen studies from 6 countries with a total of 5693 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that the risk factors for retear after rotator cuff repair were age, body mass index, diabetes, subscapularis and infraspinatus fatty infiltration, symptom duration, bone mineral density, tear length, tear width, tear size area, amount of retraction, critical shoulder angle, acromiohumeral interval, distance from the musculotendinous junction to the glenoid, operative duration, biceps procedure, and postoperative University of California Los Angeles shoulder score. Conclusion These findings can help clinical medical staff identify patients who are prone to retear early after arthroscopic repair and develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies for modifiable risk factors, which are of great significance for reducing the occurrence of rotator cuff retear after ARCR.

Objectives Several epidemiological investigations have assessed the association between vegetable-based diet intake (VDI) and risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal subjects (OPS), but the outcomes have been inconsistent. We performed a review of the updated literature to evaluate this correlation. Methods We searched for relevant studies published in September 2018 or earlier. Two researchers conducted eligibility assessment and data extraction. Discrepancies were resolved through consultation with a third expert. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Ten studies, which included 14,247 subjects, were identified. On comparing the highest category of VDI consumption with the lowest category of VDI consumption, the pooled OR for OPS was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.57–0.95), i.e., participants with a higher intake of vegetables had a 27% (95% CI = 5–43%) lower risk of OPS. Significant benefits were found on subgroup analyses of case-control studies (OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.48–0.78]), but not on subgroup analyses of cross-sectional studies (OR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.57–1.16]). The synthesized effect estimates were in the direction of decreased risk of OPS on subgroup analyses of the femoral region (OR, 0.57, 95% CI = 0.41–0.80) and the lumbar spine (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.38–0.81), but not on subgroup analyses of the calcaneus (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.33–2.16) and the lumbar and/or femoral region (OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 0.79–1.38). Positive results were observed on pooled analyses of the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurement method (OR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54–0.95]), but not on pooled analyses of the Standardized Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) measurement method (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.33–2.16]). This might have resulted from a type II error due to wide confidence intervals and less number of included studies. Conclusion This meta-analysis seemingly confirms that higher consumption of VDI was associated with a lower risk of OPS. Taken together, these results highlight the need for future high-quality design-based trials on quantified vegetable intake and OPS.

In the past, the polarization-insensitive absorption is realized mainly employing the two-dimensional periodic structure of fourfold rotational symmetry, which greatly increases the manufacturing complexity and cost. Here, we present the numerical design of a polarization-independent near-perfect absorber incorporating one-dimensional embedded aluminum grating. The absorption peaks near 99% at 520-nm wavelength for different polarization angles are achieved. The underlying mechanism associated with the resonance is attributed to the magnetic polariton resonance and the cavity-mode resonance for TM and TE polarization, respectively, and further explained by the inductor-capacitor circuit model and the eigen equation of cavity mode. Furthermore, the effects of geometrical parameters of the nano-cavity on the absorption performance are discussed. The proposed structure may provide a new way to achieve polarization-independent absorption with one-dimensional meta-surface, which has broad applications in plasmonic sensors, photo-detectors, and so on.

The prediction of the lifetime of a PEM fuel cell under a specific electrical load profile is beneficial for automotive applications. An empirical lifetime prediction model coupled with an electrical load profile is presented based on an estimate of the degradation rate of the cell voltage. First, a cause and effect chain-based analysis of the PEM fuel cell's degradation process is presented. Second, a characteristic value is extracted and is treated as a numerical measurement of the effect of load profile on voltage degradation. The characteristic value is defined using both load current and load voltage. Third, an empirical model is proposed, modeling the voltage degradation rate as a linear function of the load profile's characteristic value. Finally, experimental data are used to fit the coefficients and validate the model.

As the need for quantitative assessment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and ACL graft increases, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) becomes a more valuable measuring tool. However, DTI changes in differing injury grades of ACL and longitudinal graft remain unclear.To investigate the diagnostic performance of DTI in quantitatively assessing ACL injury severity and the development of ACL grafts within 6 months of surgery.A cohort study.Thirty-five patients diagnosed with grades I-IV ACL injuries and 20 volunteers as controls were recruited.TACL injury grades in arthroscopic images and DTI quantitative data were evaluated from July 2016 to July 2018.Chi-square test, analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.Both fractional anisotropy (FA) (r = -0.898, P 0.05) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (r = 0.851, P 0.05) were significantly correlated with the severity of ACL injuries. The area under the curve (AUC) values for differentiation between low- and high-grade ACL injuries with FA and ADC were 0.973 and 0.963, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in FA (P 0.05) and ADC (P 0.05) between grades I and II ACL injuries or in ADC (P 0.05) between grades III and IV, there were significant differences in FA and ADC between two grades (P 0.05). There were significant differences in FA (P 0.05) and ADC (P 0.05) between normal ACL and 3-month graft postoperation, as well as in ADC values between 3-month and 6-month graft postoperation (P 0.05).DTI could be used to quantitatively evaluate the ACL injury grades and the development of ACL grafts. The diagnostic efficiency of FA values was higher than that of ADC values.1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common inflammatory rheumatic disease that affects the axial skeleton. In this study, we systematically reviewed Chinese AS epidemiological studies from the past 15 years to elucidate its prevalence and provide scientific data for China’s health care system. AS epidemiological research in China was summarized by conducting a literature review. A review and statistical analysis of the literature on the epidemiology of AS in mainland China published from May 2005 to May 2019 were performed via a meta-analysis. We calculated the prevalence of AS and analysed differences by sex, region, and population source using STATA12.0 software. Eleven papers including 122,558 subjects from mainland China were included. Over the past 15 years, the total prevalence of AS in mainland China was 0.29% (95% CI 0.22–0.35%), ranging from 0.42% (95% CI 0.31–0.52%) in males to 0.15% (95% CI 0.13–0.18%) in females; the difference in the prevalence of AS by sex was statistically significant (P P = 0.816 > 0.005). The prevalence of AS in Chinese military populations was 0.27% (95% CI 0.09–0.45%), and in community populations, it was 0.29% (95% CI 0.23–0.35%). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of AS by sampling resource (P = 0.115 > 0.005). The prevalence of AS in China was 0.29% and continues to increase. Sex differences in its prevalence were identified; the prevalence rate was 2.8 times higher in males than in females. Epidemiologists in China should formulate precise scientific investigations to provide additional authoritative epidemiological data for the prevention and treatment of AS.

Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating medicinal herbs (KTBAMs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from online databases that compared the efficacy of KTBAMs and NSAIDs in the treatment of KOA were retrieved. The main outcomes included the evaluation of functional outcomes, pain, and adverse effects. The Cochrane risk-of-bias (ROB) tool was used to assess methodological quality. Results. A total of 38 RCTs (3994 participants) were included in our meta-analysis. We found that KTBAMs had a significantly higher total effective rate (P<0.00001, risk ratio (RR) = 1.08, confidence interval (CI) = 1.05 to 1.11, I2 = 4%) and a lower gastrointestinal adverse reaction rate (P<0.00001, RR = 0.36, CI = 0.24 to 0.53, I2 = 33%) than NSAIDs. KTBAMs showed greater improvements in the Knee Society Scale (KSS) scores (mean difference (MD) = 7.17, 95% CI 0.71 to 13.64, P=0.03). Regarding the visual analog scale (VAS) scores, WOMAC scores, and Lequence scores, there were no significant differences between the KTBAM group and the NSAID group. The GRADE quality level of this systematic review indicated that the very low-quality evidence showed that KTBAMs had a higher total effective rate, while the moderate-quality evidence showed that the adverse reactions of KTBAMs were lower and the KSS scores were higher. Low-quality evidence showed no significant differences in improving VAS scores, WOMAC scores, or Lequence scores. Conclusion. KTBAMs were superior to NSAIDs in terms of a higher total effective rate, a lower adverse reaction rate, and a higher KSS score. There were no significant differences between KTBAMs and NSAIDs in improving VAS scores, WOMAC scores, and Lequence scores of patients with KOA. Therefore, KTBAMs may be an alternative effective method for treating KOA. However, high-quality, well-designed RCTs with long-term follow-up are still required.

In this article, the novel N-doped Ti3C2 support Pd-based catalyst (Pd/N-Ti3C2-28 h) is successfully prepared by suitable HF-etching and NH3.H2O doping, which possess the conspicuous lamellar morphology and uniform metal Pd distribution. The Pd/N-Ti3C2-28 h with N-doping has the higher content of Pd (~5.33 at%) than that of without N-doping (~1.38 at%) under the same mass of Pd loading. Being explored as the catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline medium, the Pd/N-Ti3C2-28 h catalyst exhibits the higher electrochemically active surface areas, ethanol oxidated current densities (~36.71 mA.cm−2) and electrochemical stability than those of the Pd/Ti3C2-28 h, the other Pd/N-Ti3C2 catalysts with different HF-etching time (20,24 and 32 h), and the commercial Pd/C (j = ~12.73 mA.cm−2). Such excellent electrocatalytic performance can be ascribed to synergy of obvious layer-structure of the Ti3C2 support and the NH3.H2O doping, which lead to the higher binding energy and more electron transfer of the metal Pd and Ti3C2, thereby improving the Pd loading on the Ti3C2. And the current densities after 200 redox cycles of Pd/Ti3C2-28 h can retain 78.3% of the maximum capacity, demonstrating the high cycle stability. Thus, the Pd/N-Ti3C2-28 h can become the potential candidates as the anode catalyst for the ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline medium.

We present a polarization-independent near-perfect absorber in the visible regime based on one-dimensional meta-surface. In this absorber, the dielectric grating layer with high refractive index is essential, which supports strongly localized electromagnetic modes concentrated in the double-metal regions. The simulation results show that absorption peaks are over 99% at the wavelength of 0.45 μm for both TM and TE polarizations. The near-perfect absorptions are attributed to the lateral plasmon cavity resonance and longitudinal Fabry-Perot-like cavity resonance for TM and TE polarization, respectively. Furthermore, theses absorption peaks can maintain almost unchanged within wide ranges of incident and azimuthal angles. Comparing with those meta-material absorbers with complex two-dimensional array and one-dimensional stacked array, this one-dimensional absorber has a very simple geometrical structure which can be integrated into complex photonic devices expediently.

We design and numerically investigate an optical absorber consisting of the sub-wavelength dielectric grating covered by continuous thin aluminum film. In this absorber, the aluminum film act as an efficient absorbing material because of the enhanced electric field in the air nano-grooves, and the absorption spect+rum can be manipulated by Fabry-Perot cavity mode resonance. According to the spectrum manipulation mechanism, the wavelength of absorption peak can be tuned by changing the heights and widths of the air nano-grooves. More importantly, the high absorption is very robust to the incident angle around the designed wavelength. From the nanofabrication point of view, the light absorber can be fabricated more easily without the need for ion or electrochemical etching of metal and it is easy to be integrated into complex photonic devices.

In this paper, we propose a phase modulator based on dot matrix nanogratings for realizing a super multiview display for optical see-through near-eye display applications. The phase information of a three-dimensional scene can be modulated by the phase modulator to form a series of viewing points in front of the human eyes, and the pitch of the viewing points can be confined to be smaller than the pupil diameter of the human eye by designing the diffraction vector of each nanograting in the phase modulator. Here, we fabricated a 2-inch 4-view phase modulator with full coverage of dot matrix nanogratings using continuously variable spatial frequency photolithography. Under the illumination of a collimated laser beam with a wavelength of 532 nm, the emergent light was converted into 4 well-separated viewing points with a separation distance of 2 mm, and the angular divergence of the viewing point was measured to be 1.14° on average, which slightly exceeds the diffraction limit (0.93°). By using a transmissive liquid-crystal panel that loaded the amplitude information of the perspective images of a three-dimensional scene, we experimentally demonstrated that the proposed see-through near-eye display can display three-dimensional images with correct depth cues, enabling observation that is unhindered by the vergence-accommodation conflict and the visual fatigue problem.

Black structural color has attracted particular interest due to its attractive applications in various fields. Until now, however, the reported graphical black structural color (GBSC) devices are mainly realized by means of electron beam lithography or focused ion beam technology, inevitably suffering from the obstacles of high production cost and time-consuming processing. Moreover, the limited and small area of the GBSC constitutes another issue for real applications and little attention has been devoted to flexible GBSC because of the limitations of this manufacturing approach. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate and theoretically analyze a novel flexible GBSC architecture capitalized on a pixelated embedded nickel cylindrical array using a reliable, low-cost and self-developed continuously variable spatial frequency lithography. The fabricated graphical and large-area flexible GBSC sample (4 cm × 4 cm) exhibits a measured absorbance of ∼92% over the entire visible regime from 400 nm to 700 nm. Furthermore, the desirable absorptivity is well retained at incident angles up to 60°. It is anticipated that the facile, controllable and scalable approach developed here opens new exciting perspectives for industrial production.

To review the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection after total knee arthro-plasty (TKA).The recent literature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection after TKA were extensively reviewed and summarized.The diagnosis of tuberculosis infection after TKA is difficult. It should be combined with the patient's medical history, symptoms, signs, blood examinations, and imaging examinations, among which the bacterial culture and histopathological examination are the gold standard of diagnosis. Treatment strategy is combined with the drug treatment and a variety of surgical procedures that depends on the clinical situation.At present, there is no guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection after TKA, it still needs further study and improvement.对人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty，TKA）后结核感染的诊治策略进行回顾总结。.检索近年国内外有关 TKA 术后结核感染诊断和治疗方案的研究报道，并进行总结分析。.TKA 术后结核感染诊断难度较大，应结合患者病史、症状、体征、血液检查以及影像学检查等分析，其中细菌培养和组织病理检查为诊断金标准。在治疗方面，主要根据患者自身情况，选择抗结核药物联合各种手术治疗。.目前国内外尚无针对 TKA 术后结核感染的诊治规范和指南，有待进一步研究完善。.

A metadielectric nanostructure with narrow cavities is proposed, behaving as a reflective color filter for TM-polarized light while as a broadband reflector for TE-polarized light. By varying the cavity depth or changing the incident light polarization, reflective colors of the proposed structure cover the entire visible spectrum conveniently. In particular, the reflections of this proposed structure show good angular tolerance up to 50° for both polarizations. Furthermore, it can display colors even with two grating slits, which shows high printing resolution up to 70555 dpi, having great potential for applications of a large area color imaging and anticounterfeiting devices.

Background The knotless barbed sutures (KBS) are an innovative type of suture that can accelerate the placement of sutures and eliminate knot tying. Whether the KBS are safe and efficient in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Methods Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to October 2017. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess methodological quality. The statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3.5 software. Results A total of five RCTs (600 participants) were included in our meta-analysis. The results showed that KBS reduced wound suture time (MD − 4.51, 95% CI − 5.37 to − 3.66, P

In this paper, we design and numerically investigate an ultrathin polarization-insensitive, broadband visible absorber based rectangular metagratings. The absorber, consisting of a dielectric grating grown in a metallic substrate with a vertically metallic covering, presents an average absorption of 0.975 for TM polarization and 0.911 for TE polarization at normal incidence in the visible regime, respectively. For the incident angle ranges from 0°to 45°, the high absorption is almost unchanged for both polarizations. Moreover, the physical mechanism of broadband absorption is investigated. The strong absorption effect is derived from the excited SPR and CMR in the uniform nanocavity for TM polarization and TE polarization, respectively. Compared with those metasurface absorbers using a 2D array or 1D complicated structures, our design is efficient for both TM and TE polarizations using a straightforward 1D structure that provides excellent optical performance.

In this paper, we design and numerically investigate ultrathin high-efficiency, variable-color filters. The color filters, based on a cavity resonator covered with a compensated dielectric film, promise an adjustable spectral bandwidth while preserving the same resonant wavelength. A broad color gamut and widely tuned color saturation can be obtained by gradually varying the cavity depth and the top mirror thickness, respectively. The numerical results show that the transmitted peak wavelength remains unchanged with the angle of incident range from 0 to 60°for TM polarization and the transmission efficiency is above 65% at the resonant peak wavelength. Moreover, the physical mechanism of the device is investigated. The light field is mainly concentrated in the cavity, leading to the strong resonant effect. The proposed designs can be fabricated more easily by the deposition methods for the practical applications.

Objective To analyze the component law of Chinese medicines in fuming-washing therapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and develop new fuming-washing prescriptions for KOA through unsupervised data mining methods. Methods Chinese medicine recipes for fuming-washing therapy for KOA were collected and recorded in a database. The correlation coefficient among herbs, core combinations of herbs, and new prescriptions were analyzed using modified mutual information, complex system entropy cluster, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, respectively. Results Based on analysis of 345 Chinese medicine recipes for fuming-washing therapy, 68 herbs occurred frequently, 33 herb pairs occurred frequently, and 12 core combinations were found. Five new fuming-washing recipes for KOA were developed. Conclusion Chinese medicines for fuming-washing therapy of KOA mainly consist of wind-dampness-dispelling and cold-dispersing herbs, blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs, and wind-dampness-dispelling and heat-clearing herbs. The treatment of fuming-washing therapy for KOA also includes dispelling wind-dampness and dispersing cold, activating blood and resolving stasis, and dispelling wind-dampness and clearing heat. Zhenzhutougucao ( Herba Speranskiae Tuberculatae ), Honghua ( Flos Carthami ), Niuxi ( Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae ), Shenjincao ( Herba Lycopodii Japonici ), Weilingxian ( Radix et Rhizoma Clematidis Chinensis ), Chuanwu ( Radix Aconiti ), Haitongpi ( Cortex Erythrinae Variegatae ), Ruxiang ( Olibanum ), Danggui ( Radix Angelicae Sinensis ), Caowu ( Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii ), Moyao ( Myrrha ), and Aiye ( Folium Artemisiae Argyi ) are the main herbs used in the fuming-washing treatment for KOA.

Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high stability and scalability are in high demand for the extremely widespread applications in flexible optoelectronic devices. Traditionally, thin films of indium thin oxide (ITO) served the role of FTEs, but film brittleness and scarcity of materials limit its further application. This review provides a summary of recent advances in emerging transparent electrodes and related flexible devices (e.g., touch panels, organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, supercapacitors, and solar cells). Mainly focusing on the FTEs based on carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene) and metal materials (e.g., metal grid and metal nanowires), we discuss the fabrication techniques, the performance improvement, and the representative applications of these highly transparent and flexible electrodes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of flexible transparent electrodes will be summarized.

Color filters based on different Fabry-Perot structures are investigated extensively, and incident angle dependency is an important characteristic in practical applications. Here, we investigated a color filter incorporating a Fabry-Perot structure, discussing its reflective angular sensitivity related to refractive index of its dielectric material. By finite difference time domain(FDTD) theory, the refractive index of the dielectric material is found to influence the angular sensitivity greatly while the optical thickness keeps constant. The simulated results shows that the higher the dielectric layer’s refractive index is, the more angular insensitive of the reflection will be obtained and a good angular insensitive will achieved when the refractive index is larger than 2.1. Finally, samples with different dielectric layer are fabricated in experiment and the measured results verify influence of the refractive index of dielectric layer on the spectra angular sensitivity, which is helpful for the application of color filter in color display, image sensors and decoration.

Background Autologous blood transfusion drainage (ABTD) has been used for many years to reduce blood loss in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We evaluate the current evidence concerning the efficiency and safety of ABTD used in TKA compared with conventional suction drainage (CSD). Methods We performed a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and four Chinese databases. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of ABTD versus CSD in TKA were included in the meta-analysis. Results Sixteen RCTs involving 1534 patients who compared the effects of ABTD versus CSD were included. Five of the RCTs were performed in Asia, ten in Europe, and one in North America. Patients in the ABTD group had a lower blood transfusion rate (OR: 0.25 [0.13, 0.47]; Z = 4.27, P

We numerically and analytically report an ultra-broadband near perfect absorber based on one-dimensional metal-dielectric-metal grating at visible light for TM polarization. A unit cell of this design is composed of metal-dielectric-metal grating, where the bottom metallic layer and the upper metallic coating are separated from each other by the intermediate dielectric grating. The absorber exhibits an average absorption of over 90% in the range 400-700nm. Moreover, they remain very high over a wide range of incident angle up to 45°.The electromagnetic field distributions are investigated, which reveals that this broadband absorption behavior is ascribed to the combination of surface plasmon resonance and cavity resonance. Furthermore, impedance calculations were carried out to explain the absorption behavior. The ultra-broadband near-perfect angle-robust absorber can be a good candidate for many fascinating applications, including solar-energy harvesting as well as producing artificial colors on a large scale substrate.

Background Autologous blood transfusion (ABT) drainage system is a new unwashed salvaged blood retransfusion system for total knee replacement (TKA). However, whether to use ABT drainage, closed-suction (CS) drainage or no drainage in TKA surgery remains controversial. This is the first meta-analysis to assess the clinical efficiency, safety and potential advantages regarding the use of ABT drains compared with closed-suction/no drainage. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched in March 2015. Fifteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and pooled for statistical analysis. The primary outcome evaluated was homologous blood transfusion rate. The secondary outcomes were post-operative haemoglobin on days 3–5, length of hospital stay and wound infections after TKA surgery. Results The pooled data included 1,721 patients and showed that patients in the ABT drainage group might benefit from lower blood transfusion rates (16.59 % and 37.47 %, OR: 0.28 [0.14, 0.55]; 13.05 % and 16.91 %, OR: 0.73 [0.47,1.13], respectively). Autologous blood transfusion drainage and closed-suction drainage/no drainage have similar clinical efficacy and safety with regard to post-operative haemoglobin on days 3–5, length of hospital stay and wound infections. Conclusions Autologous blood transfusion drainage offers a safe and efficient alternative to CS/no drainage with a lower blood transfusion rate. Future large-volume high-quality RCTs with extensive follow-up will affirm and update this system review. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-0993-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A high-performance polarizer based on the double-layer metallic gratings with air-gaps is theoretically investigated. It is observed that the transmission of the TM polarized light greatly exceeds the double-layer metallic gratings without air-gaps. The electric field distributions are plotted to interpret the physical mechanism. The improvement is attributed to the enhanced coupling between the two metal layers. The transmission efficiency and extinction ratio of the proposed polarizer in terms of different structure parameters and the incident angles are discussed. At the period of 100 nm, the optimized structure can reach an extinction ratio higher than 30 dB and the TM transmission efficiency over 80% until the incident angle is 30o. The study presented here is of great importance in designing and fabricating metallic grating polarizer with better performance.

To date, near-perfect light absorbers at visible frequency are still severely impeded by the complicated architecture design and time-consuming costly fabrication procedures. In this work, we design and fabricate a new cost-effective near-perfect absorber at visible frequency based on homogenous meta-surface nickel (Ni) with a two-dimension cylinder array. The simulated and measured average absorption at normal incidence are beyond 94% and 92% over the entire visible wavelength band from 400 nm to 700 nm, respectively. Additionally, the absorbance property was well retained, and the absorptivity still remained beyond 70% when the incident angles vary from 0° to 60°. Our theoretically and experimentally results indicate that the broadband wide-angular absorption can be ascribed to the Rayleigh-Wood anomaly combined with slot modes induced by excited surface plasmon polaritons. Moreover, the low-cost double-beam interference lithography followed by soft nano-imprinting and electroforming technology, which are directly compatible with the cost-effective and high volume manufacturing requirements, are employed to fabricate the proposed absorber. The proposed approach is simple and inexpensive and the obtained ultrathin homogenous meta-surface nickel absorber can be rolled or folded on the surface of various optoelectronics, such as solar system and radiation thermal devices.

ObjectiveCementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with reliable clinical results and high patient satisfaction. Short-stem prostheses (SS) were designed to achieve superior preservation of proximal bone stock and stability compared with those of conventional-stem prostheses (CS). This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the proximal bone remodelling, revision rate, Harris Hip Score, radiolucent line and maximum total point motion values of both SS and CS for primary THA.MethodRelevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving SS and CS in primary THA were identified from electronic databases, such as EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library.ResultUltimately, 12 RCTs involving 1130 patients (1387 hips) were included. The results showed that compared with CS, SS resulted in less bone mineral density (BMD) changes in Gruen zone 7 at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively (mean difference (MD)=5.11; 95% CI, 1.61, 8.61; P=0.30; and MD=4.90; 95% CI, 1.01, 8.79; P=0.17, respectively). No difference in BMD changes was found for Gruen zone 1 (MD=2.66; 95% CI, −3.31, 8.64; PConclusionOur results suggest that compared with CS, SS may provide superior bone remodelling and similar survival rates and clinical outcomes. However, the short-term follow-up of the included studies was inadequate to determine the long-term performance of SS.

A broadband and omnidirectional absorber based on an asymmetric multi-cavity resonance is presented, which is realized by adapting a lossless silicon nitride layer on top, a sandwiched amorphous silicon layer, and a silver mirror at the bottom. Its average optical absorption is 0.92 (0.87, experiment) for wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm and still over 0.84 (0.80, experiment) with the incident angle up to 60°. In addition, the developed absorber is suitable for large-scale applications, since only the deposition method is involved in its fabrication. Furthermore, photophysical properties of this absorber for a solar cell device are investigated, where high short-circuit current density and photo-conversion efficiency are obtained, even with the amorphous silicon layer thinning to 22 nm. Therefore, the demonstrated absorber has great application potential in the solar cell.

The Nankou-Sunhe Fault is a buried active normal fault that traverses the urban area of Beijing. Its seismic risks have caused considerable concerns. This paper studies paleoearthquakes along this fault by analyzing and correlating bore-hole cores obtained from triple-tube coring, incorporating experience acquired from trenching. As a result, a model for identifying earthquake-derived colluvium by sediment-core analysis is proposed. Triple-tube coring technique is useful to collect continuous undisturbed soil core near the Nankou-Sunhe Fault. By identifying fault-scarp colluviums, determining cumulative displacement, and analysing stratum thickening on the hanging wall, we are able to establish a preliminary paleoearthquake sequence consisting of 13 surface-rupturing events since 60 ka. The seismic history can be divided into three periods based on different recurrence intervals. Between 60 and 40 ka, three earthquakes occurred with recurrence interval of ∼10 ka. From 40 to 25 ka, there were six earthquakes with the recurrence interval of about 2.5 ka. In the last 25 ka, four earthquakes have taken place with the recurrence interval varying considerably. The recurrence interval between the last three events is ∼5 ka. Smaller recurrence intervals correspond to stages of faster fault slip. The coseismic displacement of a single event is 0.8 to 2.2 m, average 1.4 m, largely equivalent to moment magnitudes 6.7–7.1. This study demonstrates the feasibility of bore-hole drilling in investigating paleoearthquakes along normal faults. It also suggests that closely spaced boreholes with continuous undisturbed cores are essential for reconstructing the complete paleoearthquake sequence.