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Abstract Background Grafting with dwarf rootstock is an efficient method to control plant height in fruit production. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study showed that plants with Prunus mume (mume) rootstock exhibited a considerable reduction in plant height, internode length, and number of nodes compared with Prunus persica (peach) rootstock. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the regulation of plant height by mume rootstocks through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses with two grafting combinations, ‘Longyan/Mume’ and ‘Longyan/Peach’. Results There was a significant decrease in brassinolide levels in plants that were grafted onto mume rootstocks. Plant hormone signal transduction and brassinolide production metabolism gene expression also changed significantly. Flavonoid levels, amino acid and fatty acid metabolites, and energy metabolism in dwarf plants decreased. There was a notable upregulation of PmLBD3 gene expression in plant specimens that were subjected to grafting onto mume rootstocks. Auxin signalling cues promoted PmARF3 transcription, which directly controlled this upregulation. Through its binding to PmBAS1 and PmSAUR36a gene promoters, PmLBD3 promoted endogenous brassinolide inactivation and inhibited cell proliferation. Conclusions Auxin signalling and brassinolide levels are linked by PmLBD3. Our findings showed that PmLBD3 is a key transcription factor that regulates the balance of hormones through the auxin and brassinolide signalling pathways and causes dwarf plants in stone fruits.

Aiming to enhance disaster damage assessment and prevention capabilities in rice production, we established a rice high-temperature early warning and disaster risk assessment system. Four representative rice varieties underwent high-temperature control experiments during key stages susceptible to heat injury. Using a rice development period model to calculate high-temperature damage rates, a risk assessment and early warning system for high-temperature stress in rice were developed. Single point and regional dynamic warning simulations of heat damage in rice was conducted and verified. The risk assessment results for high-temperature damage indicated a low risk for early rice in the double-cropping rice area of southeastern Fujian, mainly occurring during the flowering. Early rice in the northwestern double-cropping rice area experienced relatively high to sub-high risks, with frequencies between 62% and 80%. The mountainous single-cropping rice area in northwestern Fujian showed widespread susceptibility to low-risk heat injury. In 2020, a simulation of single-point dynamic warning for high-temperature stress in Fujian Province involving 12 representative rice varieties showed a higher probability of severe heat injury for early rice in the southeastern double-cropping rice area (disaster damage rate: 51.1–55.4%), while mild heat injury was observed in the northwestern double-cropping rice area (disaster damage rate:12.1–26.8%). The mountainous single-cropping rice area in northwest showed a relatively high probability of moderate heat injury (disaster damage rate:18.2–29.4%). The regional warning simulation results showed that the areas with severe heat damage was mainly concentrated in the southeast of Fujian, while the mountainous single season rice areas in the northwest was experiencing moderate heat damage. Overall, the risk of heat injury to both early and single-cropping rice in the northwest was more severe than in the southeast. Comparison of simulated disaster damage rates with actual local rice production disaster damage rates and meteorological yield trends demonstrated consistent and warning outcomes across spatial and temporal variations.

Abstract Background Interleukin17 (IL17) is an important cytokine in host defense at mucosal surfaces and also mediates many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, many types of research relevant to the structure and function of IL17 have been identified. However, there is no bibliometric analysis in this research field. This study aims to explore the history, research hotspots, and emerging trends of IL17 from the perspective of the structure and function dynamics. Methods Articles relevant to IL17 in the last two decades were retrieved through the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The bibliometric analysis was performed by VOSview. Results A total of 882 papers in this research were analyzed from 65 countries, and the rate of published articles has increased from 2008 annually, with the USA, China, and Germany leading the research effort. Frontiers in Immunology has significantly impacted research in this field and the University of Pittsburgh was the leading institution. Gaffen, Sarah L. from the University of Pittsburgh was the most productive researcher in this field and Papp Ka from the Probity Medical Research Incorporate of Canada is the most co-cited author. The analysis of keywords showed that inflammation, expression, Th17 cells, and cytokines were the main hotspots and frontier directions of IL17. The trend of clinical application in the future is the development of new therapy drugs based on the structure of IL17 or IL17 signaling pathway molecular. Conclusions Our research summarized the developments and research trends of IL17 and would help researchers understand the research status of IL17 and provide a reference for future researchers as soon as possible.

The wireless power transfer technique is promising in solving the energy bottleneck of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, which can thus prolong the network lifetime or even maintain sustainable network operations.Most existing works focused on optimizing the static chargers’ deployment or mobile chargers’ charging path for static sensor nodes with fixed sensor node positions, ignoring the scenario with mobile sensor nodes.Thus, design and optimize the charging path of a mobile charger was studied for dynamic wireless sensor networks with mobile sensor nodes, to maximize the charging utility within a finite time horizon, that is, the charger can encounter as more sensor nodes as possible in a limited time and charge them.Notice that the mobile charger may stop to simultaneously charge multiple nodes within its charging range during its charging tour.The proposed charging path optimization problem was proven to be an APX-hard problem.Then, based on the constructed directed acyclic graph using discretization method, a layer-wise pruning algorithm based on the backtracking method was proposed.The proposed algorithm took the solution generated by the greedy algorithm as the benchmark and searched the optimal charging path under a fixed time division by layer-wise pruning.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the charging utility .

Neurological injury caused by ischemic stroke is a major cause of permanent disability and death. The currently available neuroprotective drugs fail to achieve desired therapeutic efficacy mainly due to short circulation half-life and poor blood−brain barrier (BBB) permeability. For that, an edaravone-loaded pH/glutathione (pH/GSH) dual-responsive poly(amino acid) nanogel (NG/EDA) was developed to improve the neuroprotection of EDA. The nanogel was triggered by acidic and EDA-induced high-level GSH microenvironments, which enabled the selective and sustained release of EDA at the site of ischemic injury. NG/EDA exhibited a uniform sub-spherical morphology with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 112.3 ± 8.2 nm. NG/EDA efficiently accumulated at the cerebral ischemic injury site of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) mice, showing an efficient BBB crossing feature. Notably, NG/EDA with 50 µM EDA significantly increased neuron survival (29.3%) following oxygen and glucose deprivation by inhibiting ferroptosis. In addition, administering NG/EDA for 7 d significantly reduced infarct volume to 22.2% ± 7.2% and decreased neurobehavioral scores from 9.0 ± 0.6 to 2.0 ± 0.8. Such a pH/GSH dual-responsive nanoplatform might provide a unique and promising modality for neuroprotection in ischemic stroke and other central nervous system diseases.

ABSTRACTObjective This study is the first to examine the relationship between character strengths, objective physical fitness, and physical activity in primary school children.Design This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at a school in Japan. Main Outcome Measures: We obtained informed consent from 236 fourth-grade students; 122 fifth-grade students; and 142 sixth-grade students. After excluding participants with missing data, 473 children (247 boys and 226 girls; aged 9–12 years) with informed consent were included in the study. We measured character strengths, physical fitness, and/or physical activity of fourth- to sixth-grade participants.Results Among boys, the total score of physical fitness was significantly associated with perseverance-honesty, courage-ideas, compassion-gratitude, and fairness-care (p

Rice is a staple grain crop extensively cultivated in Fujian Province, China. This study examined the impact of high-temperature stress on rice yield and its components, focusing on four representative rice varieties, including early and middle rice grown in Fujian Province. Results indicate significant yield losses, with the most severe reduction of 60.8% observed during the flowering stage of early rice and over 40% during the meiosis and flowering stages of middle rice. High-temperature stress primarily affects early rice yield more at the flowering stage than at the grain-filling stage, whereas in middle rice, it is more severe at the meiosis stage than at the flowering stage. Leveraging historical climatic data spanning the past 20 years, a simulation model for high-temperature stress on rice yield was developed to assess disaster-induced yield loss rates, aiming to enhance prevention and disaster damage assessment for rice under high-temperature stress. Application of the model to four rice planting sites in Fujian Province revealed contrasting temporal changes between loss rates and meteorological yield, with middle rice experiencing more severe damage than early rice. The model’s effectiveness is validated by the strong correspondence between yield loss rate and meteorological yield across different regions, highlighting its robust simulation capabilities.

Aqueous zinc-air battery (ZAB) has attractive features as the potential energy storage system such as high safety, low cost and good environmental compatibility. However, the issue of dendrite growth on zinc metal anodes has seriously hindered the development of ZAB. Herein, the N-doped carbon cloth (NC) prepared via magnetron sputtering is explored as the substrate to induce the uniform nucleation of zinc metal and suppress dendrite growth. Results show that the introduction of heteroatoms accelerates the migration and deposition kinetics of Zn2+ by boosting the desolvation process of Zn2+, eventually reducing the nucleation overpotential. Besides, theoretical calculation results confirm the zincophilicity of N-containing functional group (such as pyridine N and pyrrole N), which can guide the nucleation and growth of zinc uniformly on the electrode surface by both promoting the redistribution of Zn2+ in the vicinity of the surface and enhancing its interaction with zinc atoms. As a result, the half-cell assembled with magnetron sputtered carbon cloth achieves a high zinc stripping/plating coulombic efficiency of 98.8% and long-term stability of over 500 cycles at 0.2 mA cm−2. And the Coulombic efficiency reached about 99.5% at the 10th cycle and maintained for more than 210 cycles at a high current density of 5.0 mA cm−2. The assembled symmetrical battery can deliver 220 plating/stripping cycles with ultra-low voltage hysteresis of only 11 mV. In addition, the assembled zinc-air full battery with NC-Zn anode delivers a high special capacity of about 429 mAh gZn−1 and a long life of over 430 cycles. The effectiveness of surface functionalization in promoting the transfer and deposition kinetics of Zn2+ presented in this work shows enlightening significance in the development of metal anodes in aqueous electrolytes.

Preparation of calcined phosphogypsum (CPG) is an important utilization way for phosphogypsum (PG) on a large scale. In this paper, the effects of grinding fineness on the phase transformation rate, mechanical strength and structure of hardened body of the CPG were studied. The results show that increasing calcination temperature is beneficial to accelerating the dehydration of PG, the appropriate calcination temperature is 120℃. With the increase of grinding fineness, the conversion rate of PG into CPG first increases and then decreases; the flexural strength and compressive strength of the prepared CPG first increase and then decrease; the hardened body of the CPG prepared from non-grinding PG has loose structure, many holes and serious pulverization, and the flexural strength and compressive strength are only 0.24 MPa and 0.57 MPa, respectively. When the average particle size of PG is reduced to 49.95 μm, the dehydration rate is accelerated, the crystal size of dihydrate gypsum is uniform, the hardened structure is dense, and the pores are less, the flexural strength and compressive strength are increased to 1.02 MPa and 2.62 MPa, respectively. Therefore, grinding modification is not only beneficial to increasing the dehydration rate of PG, but also to effectively improving the structure of hardened gypsum and increasing the mechanical strength of CPG.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and emerging Alternaria toxins often co-occur in cereal-based products, but the current risk assessment is commonly conducted for only one type of mycotoxin at a time. Compared to adults, infants and young children are more susceptible to mycotoxins through food consumption, especially with cereal-based food products which are the main source of exposure. This study aimed to perform a probabilistic risk assessment of combined exposure to DON and three major Alternaria toxins, namely including alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) through consumption of cereal-based foods for Chinese infants and young children. A total of 872 cereal-based food products were randomly collected and tested for the occurrence of DON and three major Alternaria toxins. The results on mycotoxin occurrence showed the DON, TeA, AOH, and AME was detected in 56.4%, 47.5%, 7.5%, and 5.7% of the samples, respectively. Co-contamination of various mycotoxins was observed in 39.9% of the analyzed samples. A preliminary cumulative risk assessment using the models of hazard index (HI) and combined margin of exposure (MoET) was performed on DON and Alternaria toxins that were present in cereal-based food products for infants and young children in China for the first time. The results showed that only 0.2% and 1.5%, respectively, of individuals exceeded the corresponding reference value for DON and TeA, indicating a low health risk. However, in the case of AME and AOH, the proportion of individuals exceeding the reference value was 24.1% and 33.5%, respectively, indicating the potential health risks. In the cumulative risk assessment of AME and AOH, both HI and MoET values indicated a more serious risk than that related to individual exposure. Further research is necessary to reduce the uncertainties that are associated with the toxicities of the Alternaria toxins and cumulative risk assessment methods.

Damage to the visual cortex structures after high altitude exposure has been well clarified. However, changes in the neuronal activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the visual cortex after hypoxia/reoxygenation remain unclear. Twenty-three sea-level college students, who took part in 30 days of teaching at high altitude (4300 m), underwent routine blood tests, visual behavior tests, and magnetic resonance imaging scans before they went to high altitude (Test 1), 7 days after they returned to sea level (Test 2), as well as 3 months (Test 3) after they returned to sea level. In this study, we investigated the hematological parameters, behavioral data, and spontaneous brain activity. There were significant differences among the tests in hematological parameters and spontaneous brain activity. The hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell count were significantly increased in Test 2 as compared with Tests 1 and 3. As compared with Test 1, Test 3 increased amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the right calcarine gyrus; Tests 2 and 3 increased ALFF in the right supplementary motor cortex, increased regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left lingual gyrus, increased the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) value in the motor cortex, and decreased FC between the left lingual gyrus and left postcentral gyrus. The color accuracy in the visual task was positively correlated with ALFF and ReHo in Test 2. Hypoxia/reoxygenation increased functional connection between the neurons within the visual cortex and the motor cortex but decreased connection between the visual cortex and motor cortex.

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two amorphous formulation strategies: mesoporous silica via solvent impregnation, and solid dispersions by spray drying. Poorly soluble fenofibrate was chosen as the model drug compound. A total of 30% Fenofibrate-loaded mesoporous silica and spray-dried solid dispersions (SDD) were prepared for head-to-head comparisons, including accelerated stability, manufacturability, and in vitro biorelevant dissolution. In the accelerated stability study under 40 °C/75% RH in open dish, mesoporous silica was able to maintain amorphous fenofibrate for up to 3 months based on solid-state characterizations by PXRD and DSC. This result was superior compared to SDD, as recrystallization was observed within 2 weeks. Under the same drug load, fenofibrate-loaded mesoporous silica showed much better flowability than fenofibrate-loaded SDD, which is beneficial for powder handling of the intermediate product during the downstream process. The in vitro 2-stage dissolution results indicated a well-controlled release of fenofibrate from mesoporous silica in the biorelevant media, rather than a burst release followed by fast precipitation due to the recrystallization in the early simulated gastric phase for SDD. The present study demonstrates that mesoporous silica is a promising formulation platform alternative to prevailing spray-dried solid dispersions for oral drug product development.

The effective detection of malicious webpages plays a paramount role in ensuring the Web security on the Internet. However, the detection results of current methods are poor and their efficiency is low, and thus, it is important and challenging to design an efficient detection scheme that can improve the accuracy of classification of malicious webpages. To overcome this challenge, a Markov detection tree scheme is proposed in this paper to automatically identify and classify malicious webpages, where the link relations of unified resource locators, the information gain ratio, and Markov decision process as well as decision tree are used to analyze malicious webpages simultaneously. To increase the detection accuracy for malicious webpages, two methods of filling missing values are presented to process the null attribute values of webpages. We compare the performance of our algorithms when the different methods are applied in terms of the information gain ratio, classification accuracy, and detection efficiency. Our experimental results show that the proposed methods can improve the accuracy and efficiency in the classification of malicious webpage detections.

Industrial wireless sensor networks and production equipments are deployed in unattended and distributed intelligent manufacturing system (IMS).Sensor-cloud as a potential technology can effectively integrate distributed equipments as a service and provide it to mobile robots.However,when the mobile robots access the remote devices via sensor-cloud platform,because potential attackers easily intercept keys and eavesdrop equipment operation contents through wireless channels,which makes the key management and the control of equipment operation permission become crucial to the safe and reliable operation of IMS.Therefore,the utility function of game players were formalized,the adaptive trust update process was analyzed,and an adaptive trust management mechanism based on evolutionary game was proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the security of sensor-cloud network systems and equipments.

Cooperative-relaying networks have great potential for deployment in next-generation wireless communication networks. However, a cooperative-relaying network using two-dimensional multiple-input-multiple-output technology can further enhance the network performance. In this article, we propose a game theoretical framework for mobile two-dimensional multiple-input-multiple-output communication networks to achieve optimal relay selection and cooperative control. A source node, relay, and destination node can make service-selection decisions dynamically in a two-level network, based on the mobile-channel satisfaction parameters (e.g. spatial-temporal correlation and relay survivability). To model this dynamic interactive decision problem, we propose a hierarchical dynamic game framework. At the outer level, we formulate an evolutionary game to model and analyze the process of adaptive selection of relays for maximizing the multiple-input-multiple-output capacity by relay selection and power allocation. At the inner level, by aligning relays, we formulate an evolutionary game to model a self-organizing network structure for relays, to increase the capacity. A closed-loop evolutionary game equilibrium is considered to solve the dynamic game. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the quality of service for mobile two-dimensional multiple-input-multiple-output communication networks.