Search

Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) is a serious fruit-boring pest in eastern Asia. In China, it is one of the most harmful and common pests in deciduous fruit trees, causing an annual loss of more than a billion yuan. However, economic losses to the jujube industry as a result of C. sasakii damage remain undefined. In this study, we collected related data on C. sasakii, the market price of jujube, and costs of its prevention and management. The potential economic losses of China's jujube industry caused by C. sasakii were predicted using @RISK (Palisade, Raleigh, NC) software and a stochastic simulation method, which is the universal model of potential economic loss assessment for economically important fruit flies. Our results showed that the total economic losses potentially caused by C. sasakii to China's jujube industry are approximately 8,643.41–350,524.15 million RMB (RMB is the legal tender in China; approximately 1,338.00–54,261.14 million USD) if the pest was not managed and approximately 2,487.15–123,242.12 million RMB (about 385.01–19, 077.88 million USD) when management was applied. Therefore, a loss of approximately 841.83–244,144.06 million RMB (approximately 130.32–37,793.50 million USD) can be logically retrieved after controlling this pest. As a result, we suggest that related organizations and pest management practitioners strengthen prevention and control measures of C. sasakii to reduce the risk of economic loss by decreasing the infestation level of C. sasakii in jujube production and, thus, economic losses after infestation.

Running speed and camouflage are associated with the foraging and anti‐predator abilities of animals. The toad‐headed lizard, Phrynocephalus versicolor, has evolved a darker dorsal color in melanistic habitats and maintained a lighter color in adjacent, non‐melanistic habitats. We test the hypothesis that lizards have weaker running speed on well‐matching backgrounds than on less matching backgrounds. We used lizard models to compare the predation pressure, while the running speed of dark and light lizards were compared in field tunnels using a video recording method. Our results indicated that both the dark lizards in melanistic Heishankou (HSK) and the light lizards in non‐melanistic Guazhou (GZ) face lower predation pressure than potential color‐background unmatched lizards. The light lizards have a potentially higher running speed than darker lizards in melanistic habitats, which implies that substrate color matching populations with benefits of camouflage might have lower anti‐predation pressure, and the costs of investment in melanin production may reduce running capacity., The lizards with substrate matching dorsal color have lower predation pressure than substrate unmatched lizards. The dark lizards with benefits of camouflage lowed the running speed in melanistic habitat.

Background Postoperative moderate and severe anemia (PMSA) has been a serious perioperative complication in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the ideal cutoff values to predict PMSA is still undetermined. The aim of this study was (1) to identify the risk factors associated with PMSA and (2) to establish the cutoff values of preoperative hemoglobin (HB) associated with increased PMSA in primary TKA. Methods We identified 474 patients undergoing primary TKA and separated those in which PMSA (HB was less than 110 g/L on postoperative day 1 and 3) was developed from those without PMSA. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for PMSA. Area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) was used to determine the best-supported preoperative HB cutoff across all the patients. Results The PMSA rate in primary TKA was 53.2%. Significant risk factors were lower preoperative HB (OR [odds ratio] = 1.138, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.107–1.170, p p A preoperative HB cutoff value that maximized the AUC was 138.5 g/L for men (sensitivity: 79.4%, specificity: 75.0%) and 131.5 g/L for women (sensitivity: 74.7%, specificity: 80.5%), respectively. Conclusion We should recognize and consider the related risk factors to establish specific, personalized risk assessment for PMSA, including preoperative HB and intraoperative blood loss. Of these, preoperative HB was a referable tool to predict PMSA in primary TKA.

Hydrogels for biomedical applications were limited toward bone tissue engineering due to the poor mechanical performance. Tough hydrogels with strong and elastic features have received extensive attention, the application of which, however, was limited by their degradation. The present study introduced an approach to enhance mechanical properties of hydrogel while ensuring its degradation. Carboxyl dextran (Dex) was grafting modified by poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL), sequentially followed by being cross-linked through polyethyleneglycol 400 (PEG400) to yield a gel with covalent cross-linking units in DMSO. The gel was underwent solvent displacement in H2 O to induce hydrophobic association of PCL to form non-covalent cross-linking units. The tough Dex-g-PCL hydrogel showed maximum strain of Dex-g-PCL hydrogel was 90% ± 6%, with the corresponding stress of 2.7 ± 0.2 MPa, which was significantly enhanced when comparing to dextran hydrogel (maximum strain 65% ± 5%, with the corresponding stress of 0.225 ± 0.06 MPa). Most hydrogel degraded after 12 w in vivo with only a little residues. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) proliferated well after being seeded in hydrogel to form micro-mass at 14 days post-seeding. In vitro and in vivo angiogenesis, as well as in vitro osteogenesis illustrated the potential of the Dex-g-PCL hydrogel carrying ASCs toward vascularized bone tissue engineering. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1120-1131, 2019.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safty of posterior popliteal fossa S-shaped incision with double-window approach for the treatment of posterior column of tibial plateau fractures.A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 13 patients with complex tibial plateau fractures involving both posteromedial and posterolateral columns between May 2015 and July 2017. There were 9 males and 4 females, aged 33-64 years (mean, 46.5 years). The causes of injury included traffic accident in 5 cases, falling from height in 2 cases, falling from electric bicycle in 4 cases, and falling because of skiing in 2 cases. The preoperative range of motion of the affected knees was (35.1±9.2)°. The time from injury to surgery was 7-19 days (mean, 13.3 days). All patients underwent a posterior popliteal fossa S-shaped incision through the window of medial heads of gastrocnemius muscle (medial window) and the window between medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle (popliteal fossa window) approaches. After a good visual control of fracture reduction, both posteromedial and posterolateral columns of tibial plateau fractures were fixed with buttress plate respectively. Bone union, limb alignment, articular surface, and range of motion were estimated after operation. The American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score was used to evaluate functional outcomes of knees.After operation, 1 patient had fat liquefaction and dehiscence of incision, which healed after expanding the wound; the other patients' incisions healed by first intention, and no vascular or nerve injury occurred during operation. All the 13 patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 16 months). The X-ray films showed that all patients obtained good fracture unions, the fracture healing time was 14-22 weeks (mean, 18 weeks). At 12 months after operation, the articular surface was smooth without collapse, and the knee range of motion was (109.5±13.6)°, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative value (The posterior column fracture of tibial plateau involving both posteromedial and posterolateral columns treated by double-window approach through posterior popliteal fossa S-shaped incision is safe and effective, with satisfactory results and good recovery of knee joint function.探讨后侧腘窝 S 形切口双窗口入路治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折的临床疗效和安全性。.2015 年 5 月—2017 年 7 月收治 13 例同时累及后内侧柱和后外侧柱的复杂胫骨平台骨折。其中男 9 例，女 4 例；年龄 33～64 岁，平均 46.5 岁。致伤原因：交通事故伤 5 例，高处坠落伤 2 例，骑电动车摔伤 4 例，滑雪摔伤 2 例。术前膝关节活动度（35.1±9.2）°。受伤至手术时间 7～19 d，平均 13.3 d。采用后侧腘窝 S 形切口，分别经腓肠肌内侧头内侧（内侧窗）及腓肠肌内外侧头之间（腘窝窗）进入，直视下复位骨折并接骨板内固定。术后随访观察骨折愈合、下肢力线、关节面复位情况及膝关节活动度；术后 12 个月采用美国特种外科医院（HSS）膝关节功能评定标准评价膝关节功能。.术后 1 例患者出现切口脂肪液化开裂，给予扩创后愈合；其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合，术中未发生血管神经损伤。患者均获随访，随访时间 12～18 个月，平均 16 个月。X 线片复查示，骨折均愈合，愈合时间 14～22 周，平均 18 周。术后 12 个月随访关节面平整，无塌陷；膝关节活动度（109.5±13.6）°，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（采用后侧腘窝 S 形切口双窗口入路治疗同时累及后内侧柱及后外侧柱的胫骨平台后柱骨折安全有效，膝关节功能恢复满意，临床疗效好。.

Extensive unofficial planting of Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac toxin has occured for the past two decades in northwestern China, and no mandatory refuge policy has been adopted. The status of Cry1Ac susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera in this region has not been routinely monitored, nor has the susceptibility to Cry2Ab cotton which has not been released in China. The susceptibility of H. armigera populations to both toxins was assessed in 2014 and 2015 in two contrasting cotton farming systems across the region. Over the 2 years, the response to Cry1Ac of the nine H. armigera field populations sampled ranged from 3.16 to 16.94 μg ml−1 for LC50 and 0.013 to 0.741 μg ml−1 for IC50, and the baseline susceptibility of these strains to Cry2Ab ranged from 3.43 to 19.05 μg ml−1 for LC50 and 0.16 to 3.81 μg ml−1 for IC50. There was no significant difference in susceptibility to either Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab between small-holder and broad-acre farming. The susceptibility to Cry1Ac toxin in northwestern China is higher than that in northern China, while there was no difference for Cry2Ab between northwestern China and northern China. With high levels of adoption of Bt cotton and relatively limited natural refuge for H. armigera, it is important to consider resistance management measures for Bt cotton in northwestern China.

So far, ascoviruses have only been identified from Lepidoptera host insects and their transmission vectors—endoparasitic wasps. Here, we reported the first finding of a complete novel ascovirus genome from a Diptera insect, Dasineura jujubifolia. Initially, sequence fragments with homology to ascoviruses were incidentally identified during metagenomic sequencing of the mitochondria of D. jujubifolia (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) which is a major pest on Ziziphus jujuba. Then a full circular viral genome was assembled from the metagenomic data, which has an A+T percentage of 74% and contains 142,600 bp with 141 open reading frames (ORFs). Among the 141 ORFs, 37 were conserved in all sequenced ascoviruses (core genes) including proteins predicted to participate in DNA replication, gene transcription, protein modification, virus assembly, lipid metabolism and apoptosis. Multi-gene families including those encode for baculovirus repeated open reading frames (BROs), myristylated membrane proteins, RING/U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were found in the virus genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly identified virus belongs to genus Toursvirus of Ascoviridae, and is therefore named as Dasineura jujubifolia toursvirus 2 (DjTV-2a). The virus becomes the second reported species of the genus after Diadromus pulchellus toursvirus 1 (DpTV-1a). The genome arrangement of DjTV-2a is quite different from that of DpTV-1a, suggesting these two viruses separated in an early time of evolution. The results suggest that the ascoviruses may infect a much broader range of hosts than our previous knowledge, and shed lights on the evolution of ascoviruses and particularly on that of the toursviruses. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12250-019-00177-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The codling moth Cydia pomonella, a major invasive pest of pome fruit, has spread around the globe in the last half century. We generated a chromosome-level scaffold assembly including the Z chromosome and a portion of the W chromosome. This assembly reveals the duplication of an olfactory receptor gene (OR3), which we demonstrate enhances the ability of C. pomonella to exploit kairomones and pheromones in locating both host plants and mates. Genome-wide association studies contrasting insecticide-resistant and susceptible strains identify hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with insecticide resistance, including three SNPs found in the promoter of CYP6B2. RNAi knockdown of CYP6B2 increases C. pomonella sensitivity to two insecticides, deltamethrin and azinphos methyl. The high-quality genome assembly of C. pomonella informs the genetic basis of its invasiveness, suggesting the codling moth has distinctive capabilities and adaptive potential that may explain its worldwide expansion., The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the major pests of pome fruit (apples and pears) and walnuts. Here, the authors sequence and analyze its genome, providing insights on olfactory and detoxification processes that may underlie its worldwide expansion.

The pear pyralid moth, Euzophera pyriella Yang, is an important fruit pest in Xinjiang, China. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of E. pyriella which was 15,184 bp and composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region. 21 genes were in majority strand and 16 genes were in minority strand. ATG, ATT, CGA, GAT were initiation codons and TAA, TA, T were termination codons. The tRNA genes ranged in length from 63 to 72 bp. The length of 12S and 16S rRNA genes were 773 and 1330 bp, respectively. The species belong to the family Pyralidae and have a closer relationship according to the phylogenetic analyses.

To explore the treatment of the malunited fracture of the tibial plateau.From June 2000 to June 2005, reconstruction was performed on 29 patients (18 males, 11 females; age, 19-43 years, average, 31.6 years) with the malunited fracture of the tibial plateau. The injury duration ranged from 2.5 months to 2 years, averaged 9.7 months. After the injury, the plaster external fixation was performed on 8 patients and operation was performed on the other 21 patients. The operation was involved in the use of screws in 11 patients, anatomic plates, Golf plates and allotype plates in 8 patients, external fixation braces in 2 patients. A complicating injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was found in 4 patients, an injury to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in 2 patients, an injury to both ACL and PCL in 1 patient, and an injury to the meniscus in 6 patients. Reestablishment was performed on 19 patients, high tibial osteotomy on 7 patients, and osteotomy of the half tibial metaphysis on 3 patients.Base on the follow-up for 8 months to 3 years (average, 13.6 months), the comprehensively scoring assessment showed that an excellent result was achieved in 8 patients, good in 15, fair in 4, and poor in 1, with an excellent and good rate of 82.1%, according to the Hohl knee joint function assessment on the pain, active movement, motion range, stability, and self-assessment.For the reconstruction of the malunited fracture of the tibial plateau, the satisfactory therapeutic effectiveness can only be achieved if the proper indications are identified and the suitable operative methods are adopted. The total knee replacement is only applicable to the elderly patient, and for the young patient, the reconstruction should be performed.