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Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the causative agents from the groups of TORCH infections, which are commonly associated with congenital anomalies. Objective: Defining risk factors for infection by Toxoplasma gondii of women in reproductive ages in the territory of Kosovska Mitrovica, as well as determination of seroprevalence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in prenatal screening of pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study that included 49, pregnant women and women of childbearing age has been conducted. The pregnant women have been monitored on regularly base, or some women have been treated in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Health Center in Kosovska Mitrovica. Ages, place of residence, education, gynecological history and exposure to the potential risk factors associated with Toxoplasma have been collected by questionnaires. Sera have been tested on the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondi by ELISA standard manufacturer's protocol (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany). Results: Our study shows that 32 (65.3%) women were seronegative, while 17 women (34.7%) were seropositive. Significant seropositivity has been recorded for the women who were in contact with the ground (42.9%), compared to the women who did not have this contact (23.8%). Uses of undercooked meat in the diet did not show any effect to the seropositive status of the respondents, i.e. greater percentage of analyzed patients (75.5%) used inadequately cooked meat. Even 93.3% of respondents deny contact with a cat. It is observed that seropositivity increased with the age. Conclusion: Seroprevalence to Toxoplasma gondii infection of women of childbearing in the territory of northern Kosovska Mitrovica is not high, which implied that there is a higher possibility for acquiring primary toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy especially for women who come in contact with the ground.

During the retrospective study, which was conducted in the period from 01.01. to 31.12.2012, we have examined 1035 samples of vaginal secretions, cervical swabs and urethral swab the UU and Mh. The main objective of the study was to determine the incidence of mycoplasma infections, the distribution by sex, age of patients, the clinical diagnosis for which it was conducted microbiological testing of patients and determine the sensitivity of the isolated pathogens to antibiotics. From a total of 1035 samples tested positive findings were in 331 patients, of which 316 (95.5%) women and 15 (4.5%) males. The difference was statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences in average age among women (29 years) and women (30). Infection with a UU was statistically significantly higher (70.1%) compared to the MH (5.4%) and a mixed infection (24.5%). The incidence of infections caused by UU in females was 70% and 80% in males. Males and females do not differ significantly according to the frequency of infections caused by UU. The highest incidence of female patients, was diagnosed with vulvovaginitis 34% Colpitis had 22%; Colpitis and cervicitis-17%, while only Cervicitis was diagnosed in 10% of patients. The difference in the incidence of clinical diagnosis was statistically significant. The difference in the incidence of clinical diagnosis was statistically significant. All pathogens isolated showed significantly greater osteljivost three or more antibiotics. The sensitivity of the three or more antibiotics is not significantly associated with the cause of the infection.

Purpose: The study investigated the pattern of p53 gene mutations and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection concerning their relation to overall survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue and floor of the mouth., Patients and Methods: The presence of HPV infection in 50 patients, and p53 gene mutations (42 patients from the same group) in the tumour specimens were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and single-stranded conformational polymorphism method. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 48 (median 29) months., Results: p53 mutations were identified in 11/42 tumours. HPV infection was detected in 32/50 cases, mostly HPV16 (10/32), HPV18 and HPV31 (6/32). A significantly higher incidence of HPV infection was found among smokers (p<0.05) and among patients with poor oral hygiene (p<0.01). The highest incidence of p53 mutations was detected in tumours of histological grade I and nuclear grade III. Patients with p53 mutation or with HPV infection had significantly shorter overall survival when compared with those that were without p53 mutations (p<0.01) or HPV infection (p<0.05). HPV-infected patients with p53 mutation had the worst prognosis when compared with patients with HPV infection only (p<0.01) or with patients negative for both HPV and p53 (p<0.01)., Conclusion: The results stress once more the importance of HPV for the prognosis of survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of lower parts of the oral cavity. The presence of p53 mutations in HPV-infected tumours was associated with an even poorer prognosis for the patients.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of c-myc amplification and p53 mutations in patients with stage I, II and III of histologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of different histological subtypes: adenocarcinomas (AC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), large cell carcinomas (LCC) and adeno-squamous carcinomas (AC-SCC) and of histological grade (G) 2 and 3., Materials and Methods: DNA was isolated from 41 frozen tumor samples by standard phenol-chloroform extraction. Amplification of c-myc gene was determined by the differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and mutations in exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 p53 gene were detected by the PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method., Results: c-myc gene amplification was found in 2 of 41 (4.9%) analyzed tumors and both amplifications were found in stage III tumors. Mutations in the p53 gene were found in 19 of 41 (46.3%) of the analyzed tumors. SCC and LCC were more likely to contain mutations in p53 gene (68.4% and 66.7%, respectively)., Conclusion: Our results indicate that p53 mutations are common in NSCLC with higher incidence in SCC compared with other histological subtypes. Since the mutations are more frequent in early-stage NSCLC, it appears that mutations in p53 gene could be an early event in lung carcinogenesis. On the other hand, c-myc amplification is a rare event in NSCLC and occurs in the late phase of development of this type of lung cancer.