60 results on '"Minquan, Liu"'
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2. Clinical Observation of Auricular Acupressure Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Nicotine Dependence
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Hongjun KUANG, Shanshan FU, Qian HUANG, Layuan YANG, Yangyang YUAN, Nan YUAN, Minquan LIU, Jian TANG, Chuang FANG, and Feng ZHONG
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Complementary and alternative medicine ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Pharmacology (medical) - Published
- 2021
3. Three Models of Local Public Financing for Infrastructure Investment in the People's Republic of China 1
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Minquan Liu
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- 2022
4. The People's Republic of China's Tax Reform in the Digital Economy
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Yumin Li and Minquan Liu
- Published
- 2022
5. Land Financing-Led Urbanization in China: Evolution, Scale and Lessons
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Minquan Liu and Yuming Cui
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General Medicine - Abstract
The role of land financing in China’s rapid urbanization and economic development in recent decades has been much debated. This paper reviews and discusses the emergence and evolution of land financing both as a source of revenue and as a financing vehicle for local governments in China, and the contribution it makes to rapid urbanization in the country through its impact on the real estate sector. Urbanization as a possible independent driver for a country’s economic development is also discussed, using China’s case as a concrete example. The paper further touches on the possible reference value of the Chinese case to other countries, taking into account both the preconditions for a successful land financing strategy, and inherent risks with such a strategy. The contribution of land financing to local governments’ debt burden in China, which has recently been an international concern, is also discussed.
- Published
- 2023
6. Application of supply chain approach to improving hazard-resilient health services: framework analysis for ASEAN and options of implementation
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Venkatachalam Anbumozhi and Minquan Liu
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050208 finance ,business.industry ,Supply chain ,05 social sciences ,International humanitarian assistance ,Supply chain of healthcare services ,Disaster and pandemic response capability ,Hazard-resilient healthcare system ,Hazard ,Competitive advantage ,Interconnectedness ,Outsourcing ,Resilience (organizational) ,Order (exchange) ,0502 economics and business ,050207 economics ,Value chain ,business ,Industrial organization ,Research Paper - Abstract
Infectious diseases such as SARS and COVID-19, like other natural hazards, underline the interconnectedness of the countries. Both manufacturing and services sectors in the economies of Asia have outsourced supplies from different countries in order to gain a competitive advantage through effective value chain management. The motivations for this outsourcing are to achieve technological innovations, reduce end-product prices, and strengthen strategic competitiveness. This paper applies a supply chain approach to develop the concept of a hazard-resilient healthcare system (HRHS) and to explore ways how this might be achieved. After reviewing the current international thinking on HRHS, which has narrowly focused on building national capacities with national capabilities, it argues that a supply chain approach may provide a better, more robust, and in many ways more realistic, approach to enhance the hazard resilience of national healthcare systems. Within such an approach, capabilities of the local actors (local health authorities and healthcare providers) in a pandemic or disaster-prone situation remain important and should be further strengthened, but international support and assistance in times of emergency should also be a key plank of the system. In a changing world with more frequent high-impact pandemics and disasters, such international support need not be one way, but both ways. A system of mutual support may be developed by forming an effective international common pool of capability in responding to the health needs when a major disaster occurs anywhere in a region or globally. Even though serious limitations exist in the current thinking on HRHS, significant progress has been made on the international humanitarian assistance front, especially in the ASEAN region. While developments on this front have not been a part of the purview of the current international thinking on HRHS, it is argued that they may well form an important corner stone in a typical future national HRHS.
- Published
- 2021
7. Measuring the Distance to 2030 Targets in China and East Asia Imperatives
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Minquan Liu and Montijn Huisman
- Published
- 2022
8. Human resources for health development policy: a comparison between China and India
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Zhicheng Wang, Mohnish Kedia, and Minquan Liu
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Economic growth ,Public Administration ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Health outcomes ,Health development ,0506 political science ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,Human resources ,business ,China ,050203 business & management ,Health policy - Abstract
In the 1950s, China and India had very similar levels of health and socio-economic development, yet over the last seven decades their health outcomes diverged significantly. Given the important rol...
- Published
- 2020
9. Financial Structure, Development of Small and Medium Enterprises, and Income Distribution in the People’s Republic of China
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Minquan Liu and Jiantuo Yu
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Social sciences and state - Asia (Asian studies only) ,H53 - Abstract
Since the 1980s, income disparity has increased significantly in the People’s Republic of China, largely as a result of widening urban–rural income gaps. The urban–rural inequality stems from the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas as well as the insufficient development of nonagricultural industries and township and village enterprises in rural areas. The economic divergence across regions can also be related to the unbalanced development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Promoting the development of SMEs in rural areas and economically underdeveloped regions could help reduce urban–rural and regional income inequality. However, a banking structure dominated by the four state-owned commercial banks is not conducive to the development of SMEs and thus not conducive to reducing the present economic disparity.
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- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Strengthening the Construction of Health Human Resources
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Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Ming Xue, Hongyan Liu, Quan Wan, Yan Hou, Yuhui Zhang, Weifu Wang, Xiaoning Hao, Guodong Wang, Qingyue Meng, Angang Hu, Xiaowei Ma, Minquan Liu, Tao Dai, Guangpeng Zhang, Kun Zhao, Yanqing Miao, Bin Li, Fang Yu, Yunan Liu, Xiufeng Wang, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Huili Cao, Huanbo Zhang, Guoyong Liu, Haidong Wu, Gangqiang Su, Yunping Wang, Yonghui Yu, Fu Gao, Chuanqi He, Yuxun Wang, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Maigeng Zhou, Boli Zhang, Qichao Song, Hongzhi Liu, Zhenwei Guo, Jigang Wei, Wei Fu, and Hongpeng Fu
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Economic growth ,Globalization ,National security ,Resource (biology) ,business.industry ,Public health ,medicine ,Information technology ,Health human resources ,Safeguarding ,business ,Human resources - Abstract
Health is the foundation of the all-round development of human beings and of the great significance to safeguarding national security, social stability and unity, and the economic development. Human resources are the first resource of China’s economic and social development. Health human resource is the health guardian of the people and an important support for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, a healthy China and realizing the basic medical and health services for all. Health human resource status determines the level, ability and effectiveness of health service, and is the first resource for the undertaking of hygiene and health. Building a health human resource team of sufficient number, high quality, structure of optimization, and reasonable distribution is the foundation of our country’s continuous development of hygiene and health undertaking, and an important task to protect the health of the people. Strengthening the construction of health human resources is the overall requirement to implement the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development. In particular, with the deepening of the reform of medical and health system, the decisive position and role of the health talents are fully recognized, and the need to strengthen the construction of the health personnel team is becoming more and more urgent. The first is that with the development of economy and the changes of residents’ lifestyle, as well as the development of aging and urbanization, the demand for health services such as chronic diseases, public health, rehabilitation, elderly care and maternal and child health care is increasing. The second is that with the establishment of the hierarchical system of medical diagnosis and treatment, and the rapid development of information technology, the medical and health service mode and service level are deeply affected. The third is that with the globalization of health and the implementation of “One Belt and One Road” development strategy, higher requirements are put forward for international cooperation in the field of hygiene and health. All these changes have put forward the new requirements for health human resources. The talent problem is inevitable in further development of hygiene and health industry, for health talent is the health service provider and the powerful promoter of healthy China strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve policies, strengthen human resources construction, arouse enthusiasm, and continuously meet the growing needs for health services of the people.
- Published
- 2020
11. The Overall Deepening of Medical and Health System Reform
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Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Hongpeng Fu, Maigeng Zhou, Huanbo Zhang, Yunping Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Hongyan Liu, Xiaowei Ma, Hongwei Yang, Yan Hou, Fu Gao, Zhongfan Wang, Hongzhi Liu, Guangpeng Zhang, Wei Fu, Angang Hu, Chuanqi He, Ning Zhuang, Jigang Wei, Tie Li, Qichao Song, Yuxun Wang, Tao Dai, Yonghui Yu, Xiufeng Wang, Xiaoning Hao, Gangqiang Su, Quan Wan, Ming Xue, Bin Li, Zhenwei Guo, Kun Zhao, Weifu Wang, Fang Yu, Haidong Wu, Qingyue Meng, Boli Zhang, Yanqing Miao, Huili Cao, Guodong Wang, Minquan Liu, and Guoyong Liu
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Economic growth ,Promotion (rank) ,State (polity) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Position (finance) ,China ,Livelihood ,Communism ,Health reform ,media_common - Abstract
Deepening the reform of medical and health system, greatly focused on by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, is an important part of comprehensively deepening reform and a major livelihood project of hearts and minds to safeguard the health and well-being of the people. After launching a new round of medical and health reform in 2009, and especially since the 18th national congress of the communist Party of China, deepening the medical reform has been put to a more important position in the overall cause of the Party and the state by means of the overall planning, comprehensive promotion, continuous improvement of the top-level design. A relatively perfect institutional framework has been established and the significant progress and mark results in deepening reform made.
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- 2020
12. Improving Physical Fitness for All
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Hongpeng Fu, Yuhui Zhang, Yanqing Miao, Zhenwei Guo, Weifu Wang, Quan Wan, Yonghui Yu, Xiaowei Ma, Xiaoning Hao, Ning Zhuang, Maigeng Zhou, Hongwei Yang, Huanbo Zhang, Tie Li, Kun Zhao, Zhongfan Wang, Haidong Wu, Boli Zhang, Huili Cao, Hongzhi Liu, Qingyue Meng, Yuxun Wang, Yunping Wang, Fang Yu, Bin Li, Yunan Liu, Wei Fu, Jigang Wei, Tao Dai, Yan Hou, Guoyong Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Xiufeng Wang, Ming Xue, Qichao Song, Hongyan Liu, Guodong Wang, Fu Gao, Gangqiang Su, Minquan Liu, Angang Hu, Chuanqi He, and Guangpeng Zhang
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Economic growth ,business.industry ,Physical fitness ,business ,County level - Abstract
During the 12th 5-Year Plan Period, the State Council issued National Fitness Program (2011–2015) and the local governments above county level also issued Implementation Program for National Fitness. With the implementation of these programs, the national fitness campaign was widely carried out and people’s physical fitness and health kept on improving, which were mainly revealed in the following aspects
- Published
- 2020
13. Delivery of High-Quality and Efficient Medical Care
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Yunping Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Hongyan Liu, Kun Zhao, Ning Zhuang, Huanbo Zhang, Fang Yu, Chuanqi He, Xiaowei Ma, Tie Li, Haidong Wu, Ming Xue, Guangpeng Zhang, Yuxun Wang, Weifu Wang, Xiaoning Hao, Jigang Wei, Boli Zhang, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Fu Gao, Quan Wan, Yan Hou, Qingyue Meng, Zhenwei Guo, Hongzhi Liu, Bin Li, Xiufeng Wang, Yonghui Yu, Maigeng Zhou, Guoyong Liu, Gangqiang Su, Wei Fu, Hongpeng Fu, Guodong Wang, Minquan Liu, Qichao Song, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Angang Hu, Huili Cao, Tao Dai, and Yanqing Miao
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Economic growth ,Government ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Scale (social sciences) ,Quality (business) ,Business ,Payment ,Medical care ,A share ,Medical insurance ,Annual growth % ,media_common - Abstract
With rapidly increased number of medical institutions and ward beds as well as expanded scale of medical institutions, great achievements have been made in the medical and health service systems during the 12th 5-Year Plan period. While strengthening the construction of the medical insurance system, government has also continuously enhanced the construction of the public medical care delivery systems by various means, both providing support to medical care delivery systems and satisfying people’s needs, which created a favorable funding environment for the development of the health system. The increased medical professionals were 960,000 during the period between 2007 and 2010, with an average annual growth of 240,000, and 1673,600 during the period between 2010 and 2015, with an average annual growth of 334,700. Public funding also soared to a greater height during the same period. Government payment as a share of total health increased by 129 billion yuan from 2004 to 2007, 315 billion yuan from 2007 to 2010 and 674.28 billion yuan from 2010 to 2015. The increased percentage was from 22.3% in 2007, to 28.7% in 2010 and 30.4% in 2015.
- Published
- 2020
14. The Internal and External Environment for Building a Healthy China
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Fu Gao, Qingyue Meng, Boli Zhang, Hongyan Liu, Kun Zhao, Xiaoning Hao, Guangpeng Zhang, Haidong Wu, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Gangqiang Su, Huanbo Zhang, Yonghui Yu, Yan Hou, Yuxun Wang, Weifu Wang, Yunping Wang, Zhenwei Guo, Fang Yu, Chuanqi He, Maigeng Zhou, Xiufeng Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Quan Wan, Bin Li, Hongzhi Liu, Ming Xue, Xiaowei Ma, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Guoyong Liu, Guodong Wang, Wei Fu, Hongpeng Fu, Minquan Liu, Jigang Wei, Qichao Song, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Angang Hu, Tao Dai, Huili Cao, and Yanqing Miao
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New normal ,Economics ,Climate variation ,Growth rate ,Economic system ,China ,Rate of growth - Abstract
As China’s economy goes into the new normal, hard constraints such as resources, environment and climate variation will slow it down. However, the great potential for economic development and the inertia for economic growth will still keep China’s economy growing at a medium-to-high speed. It is predicted that China’s GDP will maintain a growth rate of 6.5–7% in 2016–2020 and a medium-high rate of growth in 2020–2030 (see Fig. 2.1).
- Published
- 2020
15. Healthy Living for All
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Zhongfan Wang, Hongyan Liu, Yuhui Zhang, Jigang Wei, Guangpeng Zhang, Huanbo Zhang, Qingyue Meng, Xiaoning Hao, Xiaowei Ma, Guodong Wang, Fu Gao, Gangqiang Su, Ming Xue, Minquan Liu, Weifu Wang, Hongpeng Fu, Angang Hu, Fang Yu, Yuxun Wang, Xiufeng Wang, Yonghui Yu, Guoyong Liu, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Wei Fu, Chuanqi He, Tao Dai, Huili Cao, Hongzhi Liu, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Yanqing Miao, Yunping Wang, Boli Zhang, Maigeng Zhou, Yan Hou, Bin Li, Quan Wan, Kun Zhao, Haidong Wu, Zhenwei Guo, Qichao Song, and Hongwei Yang
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Gerontology ,Control (management) ,Life expectancy ,Health literacy ,Psychology ,Productivity ,Human being ,World health - Abstract
Healthy living refers to the habitual behaviors beneficial to one’s health, which should include the following aspects: well-balanced diets, moderate exercises, tobacco and alcohol control and psychological balance. According to the study by the World Health Organization, living style and behaviors account for as much as 60% among the four factors influencing individuals’ health and life expectancy. Therefore, promoting healthy living for all is one of the key links to promote the health of the human being, a pilot and basic work for preventing and controlling various diseases, an important approach to improving health literacy of the citizens and the average social labor productivity, as well as an important means to helping building healthy China.
- Published
- 2020
16. Improving Health Security
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Yan Hou, Fang Yu, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Xiufeng Wang, Huanbo Zhang, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Xiaoning Hao, Yonghui Yu, Guoyong Liu, Yuxun Wang, Weifu Wang, Yunan Liu, Yanqing Miao, Chuanqi He, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Qichao Song, Hongzhi Liu, Fu Gao, Ming Xue, Boli Zhang, Maigeng Zhou, Wei Fu, Jigang Wei, Guodong Wang, Zhenwei Guo, Minquan Liu, Hongpeng Fu, Angang Hu, Gangqiang Su, Guangpeng Zhang, Huili Cao, Bin Li, Tao Dai, Hongyan Liu, Kun Zhao, Haidong Wu, Quan Wan, Yunping Wang, Xiaowei Ma, and Qingyue Meng
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Sustainable development ,education.field_of_study ,Service delivery framework ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Social security ,Urbanization ,Service (economics) ,Development economics ,Revenue ,Security management ,Business ,education ,media_common - Abstract
The first is the challenge brought about by continuous decline in economic growth. Correspondently social security revenue and financial support to social security will also shift from rapid rise to stable and limited growth. With increasing rise in the need for social security and rapid increase in medical cost, pressure on social security funds is increasingly tremendous which will challenge social security continuously. The second is the challenge intensified by increased aging population. Aging population and low birth rate will impose impact on both revenue and expenditure of the old-age insurance and the medical insurance, leading to lack of medical insurance funds and weakened security capacity on the one hand, rapid rise in the need for medical care and dramatic increase in the expenditure of medical insurance funds on the other hand, which will pose increasingly serious risks for the sustainable development of the medical security system. The third is the challenge caused by increasingly accelerated pace of urbanization. Urbanization will not only give rise to rapid increase in demands for social security, which imposes pressure on social security funds, but also demands unity of urban and rural social security. Urbanization, together with its growing mobility of the population, poses a new challenge for the management service of social security. The fourth is the challenge posed by the multiple methods of medical service delivery and the application of network information technology. Multiple medical service delivery methods and tremendous impact of Internet+ will greatly change the service delivery modes and organizational structure, which will have fundamental influence on the operation of medical institutions and medical service practice and present huge challenges for medical security management.
- Published
- 2020
17. Intensifying International Exchanges and Cooperation
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Weifu Wang, Hongzhi Liu, Boli Zhang, Guangpeng Zhang, Yan Hou, Hongwei Yang, Ming Xue, Ning Zhuang, Guoyong Liu, Zhongfan Wang, Tie Li, Yuhui Zhang, Chuanqi He, Xiaowei Ma, Gangqiang Su, Angang Hu, Wei Fu, Jigang Wei, Zhenwei Guo, Huanbo Zhang, Guodong Wang, Xiufeng Wang, Minquan Liu, Yuxun Wang, Hongpeng Fu, Yonghui Yu, Qichao Song, Fu Gao, Maigeng Zhou, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Yanqing Miao, Hongyan Liu, Fang Yu, Xiaoning Hao, Quan Wan, Bin Li, Yunping Wang, Kun Zhao, Haidong Wu, Qingyue Meng, Huili Cao, and Tao Dai
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Sustainable development ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Corporate governance ,education ,Destiny ,Public administration ,Constructive ,Human health ,Political science ,Global health ,China ,health care economics and organizations ,media_common - Abstract
The “Outline for Strengthening International Exchanges and Cooperation” has made in-depth expositions on strengthening international exchanges and cooperation and actively participating in global health governance. It has clearly defined the key areas and mechanisms for promoting international exchanges and cooperation in the future and indicated that China will play a more active and constructive role in global health governance, and earnestly fulfill its international commitments and actively assume the responsibility of a big country. This is of great significance to creating a good international environment for building a healthy China, building a community of shared interests, a community of shared responsibilities and a community of shared destiny for human health, and promoting the global achievement of the 2030 health-related sustainable development goals.
- Published
- 2020
18. Achieving the Resilience of Production Networks During Economic Crisis: The Case of Chinese SMEs
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Hang Tai and Minquan Liu
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Resilience (organizational) ,World economy ,Currency ,Economic policy ,General partnership ,Supply chain ,Financial crisis ,Production (economics) ,Business ,China - Abstract
This chapter reviews and analyzes the effects of rising labor costs, CNY appreciation, and the 2008 Global Financial Crisis on the performance of Chinese SMEs. Chinese SMEs have spearheaded the integration of the Chinese economy with the world economy through their involvement and partnership with the Asian regional and global production networks and supply chains. While they have acted as important linkages for the national economy with the world economy, they have also become important conduits of the impact of world events on the national economy. This chapter focuses on the impact of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis against the background of rising labor costs and currency appreciation that had already been exerting great strains on SMEs in China.
- Published
- 2020
19. Deepening Patriotic Public Health Campaigns
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Guangpeng Zhang, Ming Xue, Yanqing Miao, Weifu Wang, Xiufeng Wang, Hongwei Yang, Fu Gao, Hongzhi Liu, Zhongfan Wang, Fang Yu, Angang Hu, Qichao Song, Yonghui Yu, Wei Fu, Bin Li, Ning Zhuang, Yan Hou, Tie Li, Hongpeng Fu, Yuhui Zhang, Guodong Wang, Chuanqi He, Boli Zhang, Minquan Liu, Jigang Wei, Xiaoning Hao, Huanbo Zhang, Maigeng Zhou, Hongyan Liu, Yunan Liu, Xiaowei Ma, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Guoyong Liu, Zhenwei Guo, Yuxun Wang, Gangqiang Su, Huili Cao, Qingyue Meng, Tao Dai, Yunping Wang, Kun Zhao, Haidong Wu, and Quan Wan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Economic growth ,Work (electrical) ,Sanitation ,Urban planning ,Political science ,Public health ,medicine ,Mass line ,Socialist mode of production ,China ,Management process - Abstract
Deepening patriotic public health campaigns is a great creation and successful practice by applying the mass line to the preventive sanitation work. It is also an important part of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The “Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan” regulates that patriotic public health campaigns should be deepen, urban and rural environment and sanitary conditions should be comprehensively improved, healthy cities, towns and villages should be built. “Building healthy cities, towns and villages” is an important project for Healthy China. The land supply for public health infrastructure should be secured, and health-related infrastructure, planning and standards should be improved. We will blend health in the urban and rural planning, construction and management process, to improve the coordinated development of the urban development and residents’ health. By 2030, a group of healthy cities, towns and villages will be built for nationwide demonstration.
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- 2020
20. Promoting Universal Access to Public Health Services
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Huanbo Zhang, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Xiufeng Wang, Yuxun Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Yan Hou, Gangqiang Su, Boli Zhang, Qichao Song, Yunping Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Guoyong Liu, Hongyan Liu, Yonghui Yu, Tao Dai, Fu Gao, Zhenwei Guo, Ming Xue, Guodong Wang, Huili Cao, Weifu Wang, Minquan Liu, Xiaowei Ma, Quan Wan, Kun Zhao, Haidong Wu, Yanqing Miao, Chuanqi He, Wei Fu, Qingyue Meng, Jigang Wei, Hongzhi Liu, Xiaoning Hao, Hongpeng Fu, Fang Yu, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Guangpeng Zhang, Bin Li, Angang Hu, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, and Baofeng Yang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Occupational disease ,macromolecular substances ,Disease ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Echinococcosis ,Iodine deficiency ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Environmental health ,medicine ,business ,Malaria - Abstract
Major diseases refer to the illnesses that severely endanger public health and life safety of the people, severely affect the national economy and the development of society, and severely impair national security and our international image. Based on the characteristics of the present stage, five categories of 18 major diseases are selected as the representatives of major diseases, i.e. infectious diseases (AIDS, TB, hepatitis B, schistosomiasis, malaria, plague, cholera, echinococcosis, brucellosis), chronic diseases (hypertension, cerebral apoplexy, diabetes, lung cancer, liver cancer), mental diseases (severe psychonosema), occupational disease (pneumoconiosis) and endemic diseases (iodine deficiency disorders, Kaschin-Beck disease).
- Published
- 2020
21. Strengthening Management of Environmental Problems Affecting Health
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Fang Yu, Ming Xue, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Gangqiang Su, Chuanqi He, Fu Gao, Ning Zhuang, Xiaoning Hao, Guodong Wang, Tie Li, Tao Dai, Minquan Liu, Yan Hou, Hongzhi Liu, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Xiaowei Ma, Weifu Wang, Yonghui Yu, Huili Cao, Qingyue Meng, Angang Hu, Wei Fu, Jigang Wei, Hongyan Liu, Yanqing Miao, Hongpeng Fu, Zhenwei Guo, Xiufeng Wang, Quan Wan, Kun Zhao, Boli Zhang, Haidong Wu, Yunping Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Bin Li, Huanbo Zhang, Yuxun Wang, Qichao Song, Guangpeng Zhang, and Guoyong Liu
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Sustainable development ,Nature reserve ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Wetland ,Soil contamination ,Nameplate capacity ,Desertification ,Environmental protection ,Action plan ,Environmental science ,Soil conservation ,media_common - Abstract
The CPC central committee and the State Council have attached great importance to environmental protection by putting it in the main position and making it the main force of ecological civilization construction and the core content of building a beautiful China, realizing a sustainable development, introducing an overall plan for the reform of the ecological civilization system, implementing the action plan for the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution, and vigorously strengthening environment and health work. In 2015, the average annual concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 338 prefecture-level and above cities was 50 μg/m3; the proportion of the 1940 state-controlled sections of class I–III surface water increased to 66%; the proportion of worse V fell to 9.7%; the quality of the main streams in major rivers was obviously improved. The capacities of national desulfurization and denitrification units, accounting for the total installed capacity of coal power, increased to 99% and 92% respectively, which completed the ultra-low emission transformation of 160 million kilowatts of coal-fired power units. The comprehensive environment improvement in 72,000 villages has been implemented, directly benefiting more than 120 million rural people. A number of major ecological conservation and rehabilitation projects have been carried out steadily, including natural forest protection, returning farmland into forest and grass, and grazing land into grassland, shelter forest system construction, protection and restoration of lakes and wetlands, desertification control, water and soil conservation, desertification management, wildlife protection and nature reserve construction. Pollutant emissions of the five heavy metals of lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and arsenic have fallen 27.7% since 2007, and the number of sudden environment incidents involving heavy metals has been greatly reduced. In order to solve the environmental problems that harm people’s health, the Environment Protection Law and the series of environmental management documents clearly put forward the requirements for strengthening environment and health management, which provide legal and policy basis for the establishment and the improvement of environment and health management systems, organization and the implementation of environment and health surveys, monitoring and risk assessment.
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- 2020
22. Strengthening Organization and Implementation
- Author
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Kun Zhao, Hongwei Yang, Jigang Wei, Zhongfan Wang, Bin Li, Haidong Wu, Yan Hou, Huanbo Zhang, Yunan Liu, Yanqing Miao, Xiaoning Hao, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Chuanqi He, Ming Xue, Guoyong Liu, Boli Zhang, Yuxun Wang, Weifu Wang, Xiufeng Wang, Hongpeng Fu, Tao Dai, Angang Hu, Fu Gao, Fang Yu, Xiaowei Ma, Quan Wan, Guodong Wang, Qichao Song, Yuhui Zhang, Minquan Liu, Yunping Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Hongzhi Liu, Wei Fu, Yonghui Yu, Zhenwei Guo, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Huili Cao, Qingyue Meng, Gangqiang Su, Hongyan Liu, and Guangpeng Zhang
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Process management ,Work (electrical) ,Blueprint ,Key (cryptography) ,Chinese Dream ,Business ,Modernization theory ,China ,Health impact assessment ,Task (project management) - Abstract
Strengthening organization and implementation to build a healthy China, is a major strategic task to cover modernization construction of our country. Strengthening organization and implementation is the key to ensuring the effective implementation of the goals and tasks of the Healthy China construction, and the key to transforming the blueprint into the effective improvement of people health. For the goal of on building moderately prosperous society by 2020, it has great significance to realize the Two Centenary Goals and the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of China. The Outline proposed that organization and leadership should be strengthened, and the evaluation system of health impact assessment should be established, to create a good social atmosphere and carry out the conduct monitoring work.
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- 2020
23. The Main Targets for Building a Healthy China
- Author
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Jigang Wei, Xiaowei Ma, Hongzhi Liu, Bin Li, Xiaoning Hao, Guangpeng Zhang, Boli Zhang, Yuhui Zhang, Yan Hou, Qingyue Meng, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Quan Wan, Guoyong Liu, Yanqing Miao, Ming Xue, Fang Yu, Hongpeng Fu, Angang Hu, Yunping Wang, Ning Zhuang, Xiufeng Wang, Tie Li, Weifu Wang, Huili Cao, Huanbo Zhang, Fu Gao, Yuxun Wang, Yonghui Yu, Kun Zhao, Zhenwei Guo, Tao Dai, Haidong Wu, Wei Fu, Qichao Song, Maigeng Zhou, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Chuanqi He, Guodong Wang, Minquan Liu, Gangqiang Su, and Hongyan Liu
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Order (exchange) ,Computer science ,Comparability ,Social change ,Convergence (relationship) ,Plan (drawing) ,Monitoring and evaluation ,Representativeness heuristic - Abstract
As the core of the Plan, the target indicators for building a healthy China are a high degree of conciseness and summary of the development tasks and the fundamental basis for the implementation of all major tasks and major policies. With clear orientation and constraints, they are of great importance to strengthening the binding force of the Outline and ensuring the implementation of the Outline. The main targets and indicators of the Outline are supposed to closely focus on the national strategy of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and achieving the “two centenary goals.” Moreover, they need to fully consider the convergence with the goals of various stages of economic and social development, and with the requirements of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In this way the international comparability of indicators will be improved. The combination of taking a long-term perspective and focusing on the present must be adhered to, with consideration given to both guidance and maneuverability. It will be necessary to put an emphasis on the overall importance and representativeness of the main indicators, and to ensure that the indicators are clearly defined. With a stable source of data, the indicators will be measured, decomposed, and assessed, in order to make the annual data and provincial data accessible and to meet the requirements for the monitoring and evaluation of the Outline. Thus the binding force and maneuverability of the Outline will be guaranteed.
- Published
- 2020
24. Urbanization and Building a Healthy China
- Author
-
Yonghui Yu, Qichao Song, Guoyong Liu, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Xiaoning Hao, Boli Zhang, Hongzhi Liu, Weifu Wang, Yan Hou, Huanbo Zhang, Xiufeng Wang, Yuxun Wang, Ming Xue, Guangpeng Zhang, Fang Yu, Zhenwei Guo, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Tao Dai, Wei Fu, Chuanqi He, Jigang Wei, Yuhui Zhang, Fu Gao, Gangqiang Su, Ning Zhuang, Guodong Wang, Huili Cao, Bin Li, Yanqing Miao, Angang Hu, Tie Li, Minquan Liu, Hongpeng Fu, Hongyan Liu, Quan Wan, Kun Zhao, Haidong Wu, Xiaowei Ma, Yunping Wang, and Qingyue Meng
- Subjects
Rural migrant ,education.field_of_study ,Geography ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Urbanization ,Population ,Urbanization rate ,China ,business ,Socioeconomics ,education - Abstract
Firstly, the rapid development of urbanization has led to an increasing population of agricultural transfer. In 1978–2015, the urbanization rate in China increased by around 1.03 percentage points annually on average. In 2015, the total number of rural migrant workers reached 277.47 million, an increase of 35.24 million over 2010 (Fig. 3.1).
- Published
- 2020
25. 'Healthy China 2030': Promoting Health and Longevity of the Whole Nation
- Author
-
Yan Hou, Kun Zhao, Weifu Wang, Haidong Wu, Hongpeng Fu, Qichao Song, Xiaowei Ma, Yanqing Miao, Huanbo Zhang, Hongwei Yang, Maigeng Zhou, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Zhongfan Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Guoyong Liu, Yunping Wang, Guodong Wang, Boli Zhang, Xiufeng Wang, Xiaoning Hao, Yonghui Yu, Fu Gao, Bin Li, Chuanqi He, Hongzhi Liu, Yuxun Wang, Minquan Liu, Wei Fu, Tao Dai, Jigang Wei, Ming Xue, Hongyan Liu, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Fang Yu, Huili Cao, Quan Wan, Angang Hu, Qingyue Meng, Zhenwei Guo, Gangqiang Su, and Guangpeng Zhang
- Subjects
Health services ,Economic growth ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Longevity ,Ethnic group ,food and beverages ,Business ,China ,humanities ,Human development (humanity) ,media_common - Abstract
Health and longevity are not only the core objective of human development, but also the common wishes of people of all ethnic groups in our country. Healthy China is the China where the people can enjoy health and longevity and also the China where the people’s health and health service capacity have reached the world advanced level. From the following three dimensions—healthy life, quality of health and health capacity, Healthy China will provide the behavioral guidance and policy basis for individuals, families, health-related institutions, government departments and other entities to jointly construct a healthy China where people can enjoy health and longevity and where the economy and the society can carry each other.
- Published
- 2020
26. Developing Informationized Health Information Services
- Author
-
Fang Yu, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Weifu Wang, Tao Dai, Fu Gao, Ning Zhuang, Yanqing Miao, Ming Xue, Tie Li, Xiaowei Ma, Gangqiang Su, Maigeng Zhou, Wei Fu, Jigang Wei, Kun Zhao, Yan Hou, Xiaoning Hao, Yuhui Zhang, Haidong Wu, Angang Hu, Xiufeng Wang, Qingyue Meng, Hongpeng Fu, Huanbo Zhang, Hongzhi Liu, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Guangpeng Zhang, Huili Cao, Yuxun Wang, Yonghui Yu, Hongyan Liu, Quan Wan, Qichao Song, Yunping Wang, Boli Zhang, Chuanqi He, Zhenwei Guo, Guoyong Liu, Bin Li, Guodong Wang, and Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Service system ,Population ageing ,Economic growth ,business.industry ,Health care ,Population growth ,Information technology ,The Internet ,business ,China - Abstract
With the construction of health information service system in the past 10 years or so and the rapid development of information technology and the Internet, the development trend of cross-border integration has been highlighted. Many new industry types have emerged such as smart manufacturing, online consumption and mobile healthcare. These new industry types are profoundly influencing and changing the organization of large-scale social production and people’s lifestyles. In the next 15 years, the cross-border integration of information technology and the Internet will continue, but what will be the trend? What changes in people’s health needs will take place when this trend is superimposed on the steady increase in urban and rural income levels, moderate population growth, aggravating population aging problems and other factors? What impact will these changes have on the health service supply and the development of the whole health industry? To sort out these issues will be of great significance to advancing the construction of “healthy China” and to the coordinated development of China’s economy and society and the attainment of the goal of “200 Years.”
- Published
- 2020
27. Improving the Drug Supply Security System
- Author
-
Yan Hou, Huanbo Zhang, Guangpeng Zhang, Fu Gao, Hongwei Yang, Hongzhi Liu, Zhongfan Wang, Yuxun Wang, Xiufeng Wang, Fang Yu, Guoyong Liu, Hongyan Liu, Ning Zhuang, Yonghui Yu, Weifu Wang, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Quan Wan, Tie Li, Yunping Wang, Wei Fu, Hongpeng Fu, Huili Cao, Qichao Song, Angang Hu, Kun Zhao, Jigang Wei, Qingyue Meng, Yuhui Zhang, Xiaoning Hao, Bin Li, Zhenwei Guo, Maigeng Zhou, Haidong Wu, Gangqiang Su, Boli Zhang, Tao Dai, Ming Xue, Chuanqi He, Xiaowei Ma, Yanqing Miao, Guodong Wang, and Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Drug supply ,Public health service ,Service system ,Process management ,business.industry ,Health care ,Key (cryptography) ,Circulation (currency) ,business ,Security system ,Task (project management) - Abstract
Making improving the drug supply security system as an important task, the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan requires to deepen the reform of the drug and device circulation system and to improve the national drug policies. The construction of drug supply security system is one of the key tasks of the new round of healthcare reform and, together with the medical service system, the medical security system and the public health service system, it serves the goal of providing basic medical and health services for everyone. The national essential drug system was initially established during the “11th 5-Year” period, which has laid the foundation for the formation of a drug supply security system. During the “12th 5-Year” period, positive progress has been made in consolidating and improving the essential drug system and promoting reform in the field of drug production and circulation.
- Published
- 2020
28. Developing the Health Industries
- Author
-
Fang Yu, Huili Cao, Xiufeng Wang, Guodong Wang, Minquan Liu, Ming Xue, Tao Dai, Fu Gao, Guangpeng Zhang, Xiaowei Ma, Xiaoning Hao, Yan Hou, Chuanqi He, Huanbo Zhang, Qingyue Meng, Yonghui Yu, Hongyan Liu, Quan Wan, Guoyong Liu, Bin Li, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Kun Zhao, Haidong Wu, Yunping Wang, Qichao Song, Maigeng Zhou, Hongzhi Liu, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Yuxun Wang, Gangqiang Su, Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Zhenwei Guo, Wei Fu, Jigang Wei, Boli Zhang, Hongpeng Fu, Weifu Wang, Angang Hu, Yanqing Miao, and Yuhui Zhang
- Subjects
Service (business) ,Consumption (economics) ,Economic growth ,Technological change ,Population development ,sense organs ,Business ,China - Abstract
From now to 2030, China’s economic level, service consumption, population development, scientific and technological progress will undergo profound changes, which will present the following main features
- Published
- 2020
29. Improving Management of Family Planning Services
- Author
-
Hongwei Yang, Zhongfan Wang, Hongpeng Fu, Xiaoning Hao, Hongyan Liu, Tao Dai, Fu Gao, Yuhui Zhang, Yonghui Yu, Hongzhi Liu, Fang Yu, Yan Hou, Huili Cao, Wei Fu, Xiufeng Wang, Jigang Wei, Ming Xue, Yunan Liu, Yujun Jin, Baofeng Yang, Qingyue Meng, Weifu Wang, Ning Zhuang, Tie Li, Xiaowei Ma, Yanqing Miao, Gangqiang Su, Zhenwei Guo, Angang Hu, Bin Li, Yunping Wang, Boli Zhang, Kun Zhao, Haidong Wu, Quan Wan, Huanbo Zhang, Yuxun Wang, Qichao Song, Chuanqi He, Guangpeng Zhang, Maigeng Zhou, Guoyong Liu, Guodong Wang, and Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Family planning ,Political science ,GRASP ,Chinese Dream ,China - Abstract
The next 15 years is the important turning stage for China’s demographic development, the important stage of opportunity for improving family planning policies and promoting the long-term balanced demographic development, and the critical stage of reform for building Healthy China and laying solid foundations for realizing the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation. It is of great significance to consider the overall situation and aim far, research on the demographic development, grasp the objective laws, use the international experience, improve strategy and promote the balanced development.
- Published
- 2020
30. High performance solid oxide electrolysis cell with impregnated electrodes
- Author
-
Ting Chen, Yucun Zhou, Minquan Liu, Xiaofeng Ye, Zhongliang Zhan, Chun Yuan, and Shaorong Wang
- Subjects
Electrolysis ,Materials science ,Standard hydrogen electrode ,Electrolytic cell ,Metallurgy ,Non-blocking I/O ,Oxide ,Electrolyte ,law.invention ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:Industrial electrochemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Electrochemistry ,Yttria-stabilized zirconia ,lcsh:TP250-261 ,Hydrogen production - Abstract
Here we report a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) employing impregnated electrodes. The cell structure consisted of a porous 430 L metal support, a Ni-Ce0.8Sm0.2O2 − δ (SDC) impregnated 430 L-zirconia stabilized zirconia (YSZ) hydrogen electrode, a scandia stabilized zirconia (SSZ) electrolyte and a Nd2O3-Nd2NiO4+ δ (Nd2O3-NNO) impregnated SSZ oxygen electrode. The cell is prepared by tape casting, co-firing and impregnation techniques. At an applied voltage of 1.3 V and 50% steam content, current density of 2.05 A cm−2 is obtained at 800 °C. The effect of the variation of H2O/H2 ratio (3/97 to 70/30) on electrolysis performance at 750 °C is evaluated and the long-term stability in electrolysis mode is also investigated. Keywords: Solid oxide electrolysis cell, Hydrogen production, Impregnated electrodes, Metal-support, Long-term stability
- Published
- 2015
31. High performance of intermediate temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells using Nd2NiO4+δ impregnated scandia stabilized zirconia oxygen electrode
- Author
-
Changrong Xia, Chun Yuan, Shaorong Wang, Minquan Liu, Ting Chen, Zhongliang Zhan, Xiaofeng Ye, and Yucun Zhou
- Subjects
Electrolysis ,Materials science ,Standard hydrogen electrode ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Inorganic chemistry ,Oxide ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electrolyte ,Electrochemistry ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Reversible hydrogen electrode ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Clark electrode ,Yttria-stabilized zirconia - Abstract
Nano-structured Nd2NiO4+δ(NNO) impregnated scandia stabilized zirconia (SSZ) is studied as the oxygen electrode of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The hydrogen electrode-supported single cell with Ni–Zr0.92Y0.16O2.08 (YSZ) hydrogen electrode, SSZ electrolyte and impregnated NNO-SSZ composite oxygen electrode is prepared by a tape casting, co-firing and impregnation method. The electrochemical properties of the cell are investigated in the electrolysis mode. At the voltage of 1.3 V, current densities of 1.081, 0.677, 0.441 and 0.23 A cm−2 are obtained at 800, 750, 700 and 650 °C respectively. The cell also exhibits comparable performance with variation of the steam-to-hydrogen ratio (50/50 to 80/20) at 750 °C. Additionally, the short-term durability in the electrolysis mode of the cell is also studied.
- Published
- 2015
32. Performance of the nano-structured Cu–Ni (alloy) -CeO2 anode for solid oxide fuel cells
- Author
-
Shaorong Wang, Shaolan Wang, Ting Chen, Minquan Liu, Chun Yuan, Jun Huang, and Yucun Zhou
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Alloy ,Metallurgy ,Oxide ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Copper ,Methane ,Anode ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Nano ,engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,Yttria-stabilized zirconia - Abstract
In this work, copper and nickel oxides (CuO–NiO) powders with various mole ratios were synthesized by the glycine nitrate process (GNP) and the Cu–Ni alloy was obtained by reducing the CuO–NiO powders at 600 °C for 0.75 h. Furthermore, Cu 1−x Ni x (alloy) -CeO 2 impregnated YSZ anodes were fabricated by the impregnation method and the optimized anode composition was evaluated. It was found that the optimized mole ratio of Cu:Ni was 5:5, while the weight ratio of Cu–Ni alloy to CeO 2 was 3:1. Additionally, impregnated anode with 40 wt % loading of Cu 0.5 Ni 0.5 (alloy)-CeO 2 exhibited the best performance and the polarization resistance of such anode was only 0.097, 0.115, 0.145 and 0.212 Ω cm 2 at 750, 700, 650 and 600 °C, respectively. Finally, the performance of the optimized anode in methane (CH 4 ) was investigated and the carbon deposition is greatly suppressed compared to the Ni-based anode.
- Published
- 2015
33. Impregnated Nd2NiO4+- scandia stabilized zirconia composite cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- Author
-
Changrong Xia, Ting Chen, Chun Yuan, Yucun Zhou, Zhongliang Zhan, Minquan Liu, Shaorong Wang, and Xie Meng
- Subjects
Tape casting ,Materials science ,Hydrogen ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Inorganic chemistry ,Oxide ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Electrolyte ,Cathode ,law.invention ,Anode ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Solid oxide fuel cell ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Polarization (electrochemistry) - Abstract
Here we developed a novel Nd 2 NiO 4+δ (NNO) impregnated SSZ composite cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The area specific polarization resistance of the composite cathode for oxygen reduction can be as low as 0.04 Ω cm 2 at 800 °C. The anode supported SOFC with the structure of Ni-YSZ anode, SSZ electrolyte and impregnated NNO-SSZ composite cathode was prepared by the tape casting, co-firing and impregnation method. The resulting fuel cell exhibits maximum power densities of 1.26 and 0.73 W cm −2 at 800 and 700 °C, respectively when operated in hydrogen and air. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of the NNO cathode and the chemical compatibility with the electrolyte material were also studied.
- Published
- 2014
34. Infiltrated SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ cathodes for metal–supported solid oxide fuel cells
- Author
-
Chun Yuan, Zhongliang Zhan, Minquan Liu, Ting Chen, Shaorong Wang, Da Han, and Yucun Zhou
- Subjects
Thermal shock ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Analytical chemistry ,Oxide ,Microstructure ,Cathode ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Electrochemistry ,Solid oxide fuel cell ,Calcination ,Cubic zirconia ,Polarization (electrochemistry) - Abstract
A B S T R A C T This paper reports the fabrication of the SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+d (SBSCO) infiltrated scandia–stabilized– zirconia (SSZ) composite cathode for metal–supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS–SOFCs). The effects of the calcination temperature on the structure, morphology and polarization resistance of the composite cathode were studied. Cathode calcinated at 700 C showed the finest microstructure and the lowest polarization resistance, e.g., 0.054 and 0.172 V cm 2 at 700 and 600 C, respectively. Thermal shock resistance of the composite cathode was studied and no degradation was found after the 35 thermal cycles conducted between 100 and 600 C with a rate of 10 C min 1 . MS–SOFC with the SBSCO infiltrated SSZ cathode was prepared and the maximum power density (MPD) can be as high as 1.25, 0.92, 0.61 and 0.39 W cm 2 when measured at 700, 650, 600 and 550 C, respectively.
- Published
- 2014
35. Fabrication of composite cathode by a new process for anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells
- Author
-
Ting Chen, Xiaofeng Ye, Junliang Li, Minquan Liu, Chun Yuan, Shaorong Wang, You-Peng Chen, and Zhongliang Zhan
- Subjects
Fabrication ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Oxide ,Sintering ,Electrolyte ,Electrochemistry ,Cathode ,law.invention ,Anode ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,law ,Specific surface area - Abstract
Anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) fabricated by traditional method suffered from the charge exchange constraint on the interface of electrolyte and cathode. In this work, we introduced a new sintering process to obtain the dense and porous electrolyte bi-layer structure on anode-supported tubular SOFCs. The cathode was built by infiltrating nano-catalyst La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.9 Sc 0.1 O 3-δ (LSFSc) into the porous electrolyte, which showed better electrochemical activity than traditional LSM cathode. The functional fuel cells showed the maximum power density of 292.3mW·cm −2 at 800 °C with H 2 as fuel and air as oxidant. This unique performance was due to the porous electrolyte provided more specific surface area for cathode and the nanostructured cathode catalyst showed high electro-catalysis for oxygen reduction reaction. Moreover, a long term test was carried out, demonstrating the excellent stability which was extremely important for application in the future.
- Published
- 2014
36. Enhanced Performance and Stability of Metal–Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with (Bi2O3)0.7(Er2O3)0.3–Ag Composite Cathode
- Author
-
Zhongliang Zhan, Junliang Li, Chun Yuan, Yucun Zhou, Minquan Liu, Ting Chen, and Shaorong Wang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Oxide ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Metal ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Materials Chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Fuel cells ,Composite cathode - Published
- 2014
37. THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN POVERTY ERADICATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- Author
-
Han Ling and Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Poverty ,Economics - Published
- 2016
38. Social Policies in China and India: the Role of Land Ownership and of Economic Size
- Author
-
Minquan Liu
- Subjects
the Role of Land Ownership and of Economic Size [Social Policies in China and India] ,Social Policies, China, India, Role, Land Ownership, Economic Size - Abstract
Issues of social policy? their evolution, role in ensuring minimum equity, developmental functions and future directions? are especially worth exploring in respect of China and India. The two countries are sufficiently similar in terms of economic size, developmental stage and the challenges they face, but are dissimilar enough in terms of the larger socio-economic and political institutions and systems, history and culture as to make them natural candidates for an in-depth comparative study of developmental experiences. Focusing on social policy, Arjan De Haan (2013) makes a useful attempt in that direction. (?)
- Published
- 2015
39. Les politiques Sociales de l?Inde et de la Chine : Le Rôle de la Propriété Foncière et de la Taille de l?Économie nationale
- Author
-
Minquan Liu
- Subjects
politiques Sociales, Inde, Chine, Rôle, Propriété Foncière, Taille de l?Économie nationale - Published
- 2015
40. Políticas Sociais na China e na Índia: o Papel da Propriedade da Terra e do Tamanho da Economia
- Author
-
Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Políticas Sociais, China, Índia, Papel, Propriedade da Terra, Tamanho da Economia - Abstract
"A exploração de questões relativas às políticas sociais, sua evolução, o papel que elas desempenham ao garantir um nível mínimo de equidade, suas funções de desenvolvimento e suas direções futuras são questões de particular importância nos casos da China e da Índia. Os dois países são semelhantes em termos do tamanho de suas economias, etapas de desenvolvimento e desafios enfrentados, mas diferentes quanto às instituições e sistemas sociopolíticos e econômicos mais amplos, história e cultura, o que os torna candidatos naturais para um estudo comparativo sobre experiências de desenvolvimento. Arjan De Haan (2013), enfocando a política social, faz uma tentativa útil nesse sentido."(...)
- Published
- 2015
41. Políticas Sociales en China e India: el Papel de la Propiedad de las Tierras y del Tamaño de las Economías
- Author
-
Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Políticas Sociales, China, India, Papel, Propiedad de las Tierras, Tamaño de las Economías - Published
- 2015
42. Land consolidation and productivity in Chinese household crop production
- Author
-
Minquan Liu, John Davis, and Ziping Wu
- Subjects
Crop ,Economics and Econometrics ,Crop production ,Land quality ,Economics ,Land consolidation ,Production (economics) ,China ,Productivity ,Constraint (mathematics) ,Finance ,Agricultural economics - Abstract
A production function approach is used on data from 227 Chinese farm households to evaluate the effectiveness of land consolidation projects in the comprehensive agricultural development (CAD) program. Although the program did not reduce land fragmentation it has improved land quality and possibly facilitated adjustment of production structure. It has directly improved the productivity of household crop production, contributing 1.52% to crop output, and overall has been cost-effective. The grain self-sufficiency goal imposed a constraint on overall crop output equivalent to almost 15% of production. Further adjustments in household crop production structure are needed, along with government-sponsored improvements in infrastructure such as seen in the CAD program.
- Published
- 2005
43. Wage-related labour standards and FDI in China: some survey findings from Guangdong province
- Author
-
Liu Liu, Minquan Liu, and Luodan Xu
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,Race to the bottom ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economics ,Wage ,Overtime ,Foreign direct investment ,China ,media_common - Abstract
The paper presents findings from a survey of foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) in Guangdong, China, on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and wage-related labour standards (regular wages, and compliance with official overtime and minimum wages), which show that wage-related standards are statistically higher in FIEs whose home countries’ standards are higher, after controlling for other influences. However, a cost-reduction FIE is more likely to be associated with inferior standards. The results call for a finer examination of the relationship between FDI and labour standards beyond the simple ‘race to the bottom’ thesis.
- Published
- 2004
44. Foreign Investment in China: Firm Strategies
- Author
-
Liu Liu, Minquan Liu, and Luodan Xu
- Subjects
ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Globalization ,business.industry ,Economics and Finance ,International trade ,Foreign direct investment ,Chinese economy ,business ,China ,Accession - Abstract
This forward-looking volume offers insights into the globalization of the Chinese economy and its accession to the WTO. The contributors provide updated accounts of recent developments in the Chinese economy and examines the implications of China's accession for the rest of the world.
- Published
- 2013
45. Global health governance in China: the case of China’s health aid to foreign countries
- Author
-
Minquan Liu, Jenny Qu Wang, Aming Liu, Tao Wei, and Hang Li
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Corporate governance ,Political science ,Global health ,China - Published
- 2013
46. Work incentives on China's communes: a dichotomy
- Author
-
Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Incentive ,Work (electrical) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Economics ,Aerospace Engineering ,Collective work ,Coercion ,Development ,Economic system ,Positive economics ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,China - Abstract
It is currently widely held that the Chinese rural commune system (1960s-1970s) was beset by a general failure of work incentives. This view is questioned. Two sets of members' labour allocation decisions are distinguished. Analysis shows that although members tended to shirk whilst performing collective work, they had good reasons to participate in it. The result tallies with an earlier finding by Sen (Review of Economic Studies 33 (1966), 361–71), and helps to explain the commune's impressive labour investment and absorption record, for long a highly regarded feature of the system but ignored or attributed to coercion in the current literature. The charge of coercion is rejected.
- Published
- 1994
47. Understanding the Pattern of Growth and Equity in the People’s Republic of China
- Author
-
Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Equity (economics) ,business.industry ,Public sector ,People's Republic ,Foreign direct investment ,Wage payment systems ,Human capital ,jel:F14 ,jel:O53 ,prc ,income distribution ,prc growth patterns ,foreign direct investment ,human capital ,Income distribution ,jel:N35 ,Development economics ,Business ,jel:O15 ,China - Abstract
There are likely to be many factors which have together shaped the current pattern of growth and equity in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Among them are the foundations laid in the pre-1978 era, especially in respect of land-related institutional reforms and social sector investments. These factors successfully complemented the subsequent export and foreign direct investment FDI promotion strategies the PRC followed in the post-1978 years. However, given the large size of the PRC, while these strategies have helped to kick-start its economic take-off, the long-run growth of the country cannot depend on it.
- Published
- 2011
48. Exit Right, Retaliatory Shirking, and the Agricultural Crisis in China
- Author
-
Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economic growth ,Incentive ,Trigger strategy ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Political economy ,Economics ,China ,business - Abstract
Lin′s exit right hypothesis and the debate between Lin and his critics are discussed in this contribution. Lin′s interpretation of the causes of the Chinese agricultural crisis in the 1960s is questioned, and his productivity estimates are found to be inconclusive and not to provide a sound basis on which to make inferences about work incentives in collectives. However, the debate has raised important issues for further study. In particular, a more varied taxonomy of membership characteristics may be in order, and the incredibility of a retaliatory-shirking trigger strategy modeled by Dong and Dow may provide the answer to widespread mutual shirking in China′s collectives. J. Comp. Econom., June 1993, 17(2), pp. 540-559. University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
- Published
- 1993
49. Human Development in East and Southeast Asian Economies: 1990-2010
- Author
-
Minquan Liu and Yimeng Yin
- Subjects
jel:O53 ,Human Development, Structural Factors, Public Policy, East and Southeast Asia ,jel:O15 ,jel:H11 - Abstract
This report reviews patterns and trends in human development (HD) in East and Southeast Asia (ESA) since 1990, analyzes causes and consequences of this development, highlighting both structural and institutional factors, and identifies the basic principles for durable enhancements in HD. The basic arguments are that most ESA economies have experienced rapid socioeconomic structural changes through industrialization and urbanization in the last two decades. From a HD perspective, these processes offer enormous room for expanding people's capabilities. However, to successfully seize such opportunities, appropriate institutions and public policies are needed, and so is public participation in policy making and implementation. Public policies are also important for equitable distribution of the expanded opportunities, which in turn contribute to the legitimacy of institutions and social cohesion. And while industrialization does often cause more environmental pollution, technological advances also offer the means to reduce such pollution, so long as appropriate environmental policies are implemented to ensure the use of such cleaner technologies. Subject to such appropriate public policies, in net terms industrialization and urbanization should expand people's capabilities and ensure sustainable HD. Six principles are critical to a successful HD strategy-agricultural and rural development to facilitate structural transformation and to increase employment; human capital accumulation to promote continued economic and income growth; inclusive urbanization to reduce dualism and enhance social integration; cleaner industrialization to ensure sustainability; people's participation and empowerment to improve decision making and governance; closer regional and international cooperation to ensure a better future for all on our fragile planet.
- Published
- 2010
50. Intersectoral labor allocation on China's communes: A temporal-priority analysis
- Author
-
Minquan Liu
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Economics and Econometrics ,Incentive ,Economics ,Job assignment ,Collective work ,Economic system ,China ,Private sector ,Critical examination - Abstract
Strong private sector competition for labor has widely been held as a major cause of weak incentives for collective work on China's communes. This paper questions this thesis. A close examination of job assignment decision making under the commune reveals two constraints on members' collective sector allocation. Analysis of these shows a wide range of cases where members could be expected to give priority to performing collective operations. Observation of teams from one region supports this result, and confirms the claim made by many Chinese authors that the role of the private sector was complementary. The analysis also provides the basis for a critical examination of the current consensus.
- Published
- 1991
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