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Introduction: Construction and operation of high-speed trains in railway stations can induce substantial vibrations, resulting in impermissible structure-borne noise (SBN), occasionally causing disruptions for passengers and staff. This issue poses serious challenges in the advancement of novel multi-story high-speed railway stations in large cities. Until now, limited methods have been introduced to predict and evaluate SBN for guiding station design and construction. Besides, the computational speed and accuracy of these methods often fall short of expectations. Objectives: In response to this need, a simulation method for SBN based on Auto CAD, Altair HyperMesh, and MSC Actran software was proposed. Methods: Firstly, numerical models were established for the elevated waiting hall and underground entrance hall of Beijing Fengtai Railway Station. Secondly, field measurements were conducted to validate the reliability of the simulation method by comparing the measured and simulated results. Subsequently, numerical analysis under different conditions was performed to study the transmission characteristics of SBN. Finally, the SBN in the elevated waiting hall and the underground entrance hall were evaluated accordingly. Results: The frequency of the simulated SBN at the elevated waiting hall prominent ranges from 20 to 40 Hz and 125 to 200 Hz, while frequencies at the underground entrance hall exhibit a significant band between 80 and 125 Hz. The peak A-weighted overall SPL under various conditions for the elevated waiting hall is 69.33 dB, while for the underground entrance hall is 71.63 dB. Conclusion: SBN in the elevated waiting hall primarily originates from the elevated track floor, which is different from the underground entrance hall where it stems from the ground track floor. The A-weighted overall sound pressure level (SPL) in the elevated waiting hall satisfies the SBN comfort criteria, whereas the A-weighted overall SPL in the underground entrance hall falls short of the chosen specification. This study enhances the prediction method and understanding of the transmission characteristics of SBN. Consequently, it provides valuable insights for constructing multi-story railway stations with improved comfort in the future.

ABSTRACTChristopher Clarkson was appointed Conservation Officer at the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford in 1979 just months after its Conservation section was created. He remained in this post for eight years, but his close relationship with the Bodleian was to continue throughout the rest of his life. It is impossible to overestimate Chris’s impact on the present-day Conservation and Collection Care section (C&CC) at the Bodleian, nor his influence on its individual members. This paper gives a preliminary overview of the innovations and achievements from his work at the Bodleian and tries to convey their legacy in our conservation work today.

Predators are known to carry prey in their mouth for many purposes, including providing for dependent young or caching. Studying predator diet through the use of remote camera traps has seldom been explored, aside from natural history observations. We provide photographic evidence of prey carrying behavior of the elusive güiñas (Leopardus guigna) in two study sites in a temperate rainforest of Chilean Patagonia. We recorded 35 photographs and 12 events of güiñas carrying prey using camera traps across 57 sites between 2019 and 2022. All photographs show a rodent as prey except in one, where based on morphology, we conclude that it is a colocolo opossum, locally known as ‘Monito del Monte’ (Dromiciops gliroides). All events happened between 2000 and 0800 h, consistent with previous research documenting diel patterns of güiñas in Chile. We argue that camera traps may offer an alternative to help us understand the feeding ecology and diet, especially when collecting scat becomes difficult (e.g., rugged terrain, sites with heavy rainfall). This work discusses the use of camera traps to study predation events and predator diets. The observations here broaden our understanding of güiña predator-prey interactions and can help generate new ways to study diet.

The prevalence of ClinostomumcomplanatumRudolphi, 1814 (Digenea, Clinostomidae) in fishes Loricariichthysplatymetopon, Parauchenipterusgaleatusand Hoplosternumlittorale, which are second intermediate hosts, was studied at the floodplain of the high Paraná River, Brazil. Season (alternation flood–drought), habitat (lentic and semi-lotic), and sex were not related to its prevalence. For L. platymetopon, the immature and smaller fish had the lowest prevalence, whilst the opposite was observed for P. galeatusand H. littorale. This suggests that the probability of being predated is unchanged by parasitism for L. platymetopon; thus, a cumulative effect of repeated infections is observed; for the two other species, the highest parasitised fish may have higher predation mortality rates. While H. littorale is the preferred item in birds’ diet, L. platymetopon is the most abundant fish species and has the highest C. complanatumprevalence, which makes it the most likely path of transmission to the bird, the definitive hosts of C. complanatum.The prevalence of ClinostomumcomplanatumRudolphi, 1814 (Digenea, Clinostomidae) in fishes Loricariichthysplatymetopon, Parauchenipterusgaleatusand Hoplosternumlittorale, which are second intermediate hosts, was studied at the floodplain of the high Paraná River, Brazil. Season (alternation flood–drought), habitat (lentic and semi-lotic), and sex were not related to its prevalence. For L. platymetopon, the immature and smaller fish had the lowest prevalence, whilst the opposite was observed for P. galeatusand H. littorale. This suggests that the probability of being predated is unchanged by parasitism for L. platymetopon; thus, a cumulative effect of repeated infections is observed; for the two other species, the highest parasitised fish may have higher predation mortality rates. While H. littorale is the preferred item in birds’ diet, L. platymetopon is the most abundant fish species and has the highest C. complanatumprevalence, which makes it the most likely path of transmission to the bird, the definitive hosts of C. complanatum.

SummaryThis bibliography updates Wendy Bennett's bibliography published in 1985 in The Paper Conservatorvolume 9, Hyõgu: The Japanese Tradition in Picture Conservation.The new bibliography includes selected works relating to the conservation of Asian art arranged by subject, covering areas such as tools and techniques, objects and their construction, pigments, dyes and other media, case studies, etc.

Hydrochory was investigated in the seeds of the Amazonian floodplain tree, Swartzia polyphylla, in which pods open on the tree to release one large seed. Seeds collected from beach drift along the Rio Negro showed a high percentage of floaters (82%). Yet most seeds sank following collection from: adult trees (89%), unflooded ground under adults (96%), and flooded ground under adults (86%). The specific gravity of the seeds was near that of water, 1.04 ± 0.03 for sinkers and 0.98 ± 0.02 for floaters. The ability to float was correlated directly with the volume of the air pocket between the two cotyledons, which varied from 5.6 to 20.5 percent of the total seed volume. In a long‐term floatation test lasting 81 days, 45 percent of the seeds never floated, 33 percent always floated, and 22 percent first sank for one week and then floated for at least one month. Seeds that never floated eventually rotted, but not until days 63‐73. Seeds that were floating at day 81, regardless of how long they had been floating, were placed on moistened filter paper for 18 days during which time 36 percent germinated, 45 percent rotted, and 19 percent did neither but remained viable. These results suggest that S. polyphyllaachieves dimorphism in flotation of its seeds, some sinking and some floating, by producing seeds of continuous variation in specific gravity around a mean close to 1.00. Seeds that float can be dispersed long distances along river margins, while those that sink may be moved only marginally from the parent tree.