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3. Identifying invasive species threats, pathways, and impacts to improve biosecurity

Author

Lieurance, Deah, primary, Canavan, Susan, additional, Behringer, Donald C., additional, Kendig, Amy E., additional, Minteer, Carey R., additional, Reisinger, Lindsey S., additional, Romagosa, Christina M., additional, Flory, S. Luke, additional, Lockwood, Julie L., additional, Anderson, Patti J., additional, Baker, Shirley M., additional, Bojko, Jamie, additional, Bowers, Kristen E., additional, Canavan, Kim, additional, Carruthers, Kelly, additional, Daniel, Wesley M., additional, Gordon, Doria R., additional, Hill, Jeffrey E., additional, Howeth, Jennifer G., additional, Iannone, Basil V., additional, Jennings, Lucas, additional, Gettys, Lyn A., additional, Kariuki, Eutychus M., additional, Kunzer, John M., additional, Laughinghouse, H. Dail, additional, Mandrak, Nicholas E., additional, McCann, Sara, additional, Morawo, Tolulope, additional, Morningstar, Cayla R., additional, Neilson, Matthew, additional, Petri, Tabitha, additional, Pfingsten, Ian A., additional, Reed, Robert N., additional, Walters, Linda J., additional, and Wanamaker, Christian, additional

Published
2023
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6. Assessing the status of biological control of air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) in the southeastern USA.

Author

Manrique, Veronica, Kraus, Emily, Schaffer, Charity, Diaz, Rodrigo, Kelm, Cassandra, Poffenberger, Ryan, Rohrig, Eric, Murray, Rosie, David, Aaron, Smith, Melissa C., Lake, Ellen, Rayamajhi, Min B., Leidi, Jorge, Allen Dray Jr., F., Minteer, Carey R., Le Falchier, Emily, Mass, John, and Hight, Stephen

Subjects
YAMS, POTATOES, BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, SCIENCE journalism, INSECT rearing, CHRYSOMELIDAE
Abstract

Air potato, Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae), is an invasive vine that climbs into vegetation outcompeting native species and altering ecosystems in the southeastern USA. The biological control agent, Lilioceris cheni Gressitt and Kimoto (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has been released in Florida since 2011 and in other states including Georgia (2015), Louisiana (2016), Texas (2017), Mississippi (2018), and Alabama (2018) to manage air potato. Despite the wide distribution of the weed and mass rearing efforts, there are no studies documenting the establishment of L. cheni outside of Florida. The objectives of this study were to document the beetle release efforts by several agencies and determine the establishment and impact of L. cheni across the southeastern USA. Using community science reports and field surveys, we documented the distribution of air potato and L. cheni. Results demonstrated that the distribution of air potato extends to temperate regions from South Carolina and Georgia to subtropical regions of Louisiana, Texas, and Florida. Surveys showed that the beetle is present across all states with releases, and numbers fluctuated between 6 and 37 beetles counted per 30-surveyor-minutes. Most sites sampled had moderate to high beetle damage (scales of 3–4 out of 5), and air potato cover was low to moderate (2–3 out of 5). However, air potato was still abundant in some areas, which suggests the need for additional beetle releases and/or the use of other tactics to achieve management goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. The first complete mitogenome sequence of a biological control agent, Pseudophilothrips ichini(Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

Author

Telmadarrehei, Telmah, Romero-Weaver, Ana L., Lee, Yoosook, and Minteer, Carey R.

Abstract

Pseudophilothrips ichini(Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is a recently released biological control agent for one of the most invasive plants (Brazilian peppertree) in Florida. Limited genetic information hinders efforts to develop effective genetic surveillance techniques. To address this gap, we present the first full mitogenome sequence of this biological control agent, isolated from the colony reared at the University of Florida Norman C. Hayslip Biological Control Research and Containment Laboratory. The complete length of the P. ichinimitogenome is 15,281 base pairs with 83.8 % AT content. Its sequence is most similar to the mitogenome sequence of Acaciothrips ebneri(Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), with an 86.8 % sequence identity. This complete mitochondrial sequence is an important new genomic resource to understand the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of the species, offering valuable insight for developing molecular tools for study and enhancement of this biological control agent.

Published
2024
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14. Classical biological control and apparent competition: Evaluating a waterhyacinth invaded community module

Author

Tipping, Philip W., Smith, Melissa C., Lake, Ellen C., Minteer, Carey R., Goode, Ashley B. C., Foley, Jeremiah R., Gettys, Lyn A., and Entomology

Subjects
apparent competition, Megamelus davisi, Nuphar advena, food and beverages, biological control, waterhyacinth, indirect effects, Megamelus scutellaris
Abstract

The scope and complexity of interactions within community food webs necessitates their simplification to a community module scale for conducting empirical studies. An outdoor mesocosm study in the USA quantified the strengths of direct and indirect interactions between two herbivore congeners that fed on two aquatic plant species while sharing a parasitoid. Kalopolynema ema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a stenophagous native egg parasitoid that attacks the hemipteran species in this study, Megamelus davisi (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a native herbivore that feeds on the native aquatic species Nuphar advena, and the introduced biological control agent Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) that feeds on the non-native aquatic species waterhyacinth, Pontederia crassipes. The presence of M. scutellaris did not significantly increase parasitism of M. davisi indicating that apparent competition was not a factor in this community module. There was no evidence of any trophic cascades caused by these interactions based on the relative growth rates of biomass and leaf area for both plant species. Synthesis and applications. The relative strengths of community interactions varied with herbivore densities suggesting that should negative indirect effects with biological control agents occur they would likely be transient and closely linked to population dynamics as influenced by abiotic factors like temperature. Despite identifying potential negative interactions using path analysis, we saw no apparent competition following the insertion of a weed biological control agent into a community that contains an ecological analog. In this example, the primary negative interaction was biotic resistance to Megamelus scutellaris from attack by Kalopolynema ema. Adopting weed management tactics that emphasize efficacy, sustainability and environmental benevolence argue for the use of classical biological control when appropriate. USDA National Institute of Food and AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [201667013-24860] USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Grant/Award Number: 201667013-24860 Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee

Published
2020

22. Host range of Lepidelphax pistiae (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and its potential impact on Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae)

Author

Goode, Ashley B. C., Minteer, Carey R., Foley, Jeremiah R., Tipping, Philip W., Valmonte, Ryann J., Knowles, Brittany K., Gettys, Lyn A., and Entomology

Subjects
aquatic plant, Lepidelphax pistiae, food and beverages, biological control, Waterlettuce
Abstract

Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) is a floating aquatic plant that has become invasive in Florida. It is primarily controlled with herbicides, but two biocontrol agents have previously been released to assist in management of this species. A new potential biocontrol agent from Argentina, Lepidelphax pistiae Remes Lenicov (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), has been evaluated comprehensively for specificity after initial host range studies done in its native range indicated that it is likely specific to P. stratiotes. Host range studies indicated that this insect is specific to P. stratiotes, with no survival or reproduction occurring on any of the 42 other plant species tested. Impact studies indicated that this insect can significantly damage P. stratiotes at medium and high population densities, which were comparable to those seen in its native range. Lepidelphax pistiae is sufficiently specific enough to warrant release and has a high probability of aiding management of P. stratiotes populations in Florida. [GRAPHICS] . Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee

Published
2019

25. First drone releases of the biological control agent Neomusotima conspurcatalis on Old World climbing fern.

Author

Lake, Ellen C., David, Aaron S., Spencer, Thomas M., Wilhelm, Victor L., Barnett, Travis W., Abdel-Kader, Anwar A., Carmona Cortes, Andrea, Acuna, Adrian, Mattison, Elizabeth D., and Minteer, Carey R.

Subjects
BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, WEED control, BIOLOGICAL systems, PROTECTED areas, PHYSIOLOGICAL control systems, PUPAE
Abstract

Biological control is a sustainable method of weed management because agents can establish persistent and self-dispersing populations on a landscape scale. Strategic releases are often conducted to accelerate the widespread dispersal and establishment of agents. Drones (unmanned aerial systems, UAS) could facilitate these releases, particularly in remote areas that are difficult or dangerous for humans to access. Lygodium microphyllum (Lygodiaceae), Old World climbing fern, is a damaging weed that outcompetes native plants in many habitat types in Florida. This weed often occurs in remote conservation areas accessible only by helicopter, airboat, or swamp buggy. Although the biological control agent Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is established and dispersing in Florida, populations are patchy and additional releases are needed, particularly in conservation areas where human access is limited. We conducted the first releases of N. conspurcatalis using a drone to test agent survival and larval transfer to field populations of L. microphyllum. In the survival experiment, 85% of individuals were recovered from the flight, flight with impact, and control treatments with no treatment differences. In the larval transfer experiment, significantly more larvae and pupae were recovered four days post-release from the drone releases than hand releases. Drone releases of N. conspurcatalis could improve the establishment and potential impact of this agent on a landscape scale. In general, drone releases in L. microphyllum and other biological control systems could help to mitigate limits of agent dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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26. Changes in latitude: overwintering survival of two Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) biotypes in Florida

Author

Smith, Melissa C., primary, Overholt, William H., additional, Lake, Ellen C., additional, Diaz, Rodrigo, additional, Manrique, Veronica, additional, Hight, Stephen, additional, Rohrig, Eric, additional, Minteer, Carey R., additional, Wheeler, Gregory, additional, Rayamajhi, Min, additional, Bowers, Kristen, additional, and Kerr, Christopher, additional

Published
2018
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30. The Biological Control of Spotted Knapweed in the Southeastern United States

Author

Minteer, Carey R.

Subjects
Biological sciences, Invasive plant, Larinus minutus, Short-term-perennial plant, Spotted knappweed, Urophora quadrifasciata, Botany, Entomology, Plant Biology, Weed Science
Abstract

Spotted knapweed is an invasive, short-term-perennial plant that is native to Eurasia. It was accidentally introduced into North America in the early 1890's and has since spread across The United States and Canada. Spotted knapweed degrades rangelands and pastures by negatively impacting native plants, increasing soil surface runoff and stream sediment yields, and reducing soil infiltration. A biological control program for spotted knapweed using Larinus minutus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was initiated in Arkansas in 2008. In this dissertation I described the releases of L. minutus and investigated the adult activity in the southeastern United States (Chapter 1), investigated the effects of timed mowings on spotted knapweed and the effect of these mowings on L. minutus (Chapter 2), investigated the efficacy of L. minutus in reducing spotted knapweed infestations (Chapter 3), determined if there were any interactions between L. minutus and Urophora quadrifasciata (Chapter 4), and determined if it was feasible to use multispectral remote sensing to detect and monitor spotted knapweed populations. Releases of L. minutus were made at 39 sites in 7 different counties between 2008 and 2012. Thorough monitoring of the sites indicated establishment of the weevil. In Arkansas, L. minutus emerges earlier in the year than in the Pacific Northwest, but is still univoltine. It was determined that the most effective time for mowing spotted knapweed when L. minutus is not present is May, but if weevils are present in high numbers the most opportune time is in July. L. minutus reduced spotted knapweed seed production and rosette densities, but monitoring of the release sites needs to continue for several more years to document the impact of the release program on spotted knapweed in the region. The occurrences of Larinus minutus and Urophora quadrifasciata in the capitula of spotted knapweed are not independent of each other, although, this interaction had no effect on the number of seeds found in a capitulum. Finally it was determined that it is feasible to detect spotted knapweed with multispectral remote sensing throughout the growing season and it is feasible to monitor the change in spotted knapweed populations due to control efforts.

Published
2012

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