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During the Franco regime, many films reflected the problem of housing, some of them very relevant in the field of Spanish cinematography. Depending on their ideological content, they suffered different ups and downs with the Board of Evaluation and Censorship, the body that determined the quality of film works and decided on the final version of the script. This article proposes to group a series of titles into two different narratives of dispossession, as well as to analyze their relationship with the ideological apparatus of the state. The time frame runs from 1957 to 1969 and is defined by the films El inquilino and Un millón en la basura. The aim is to demonstrate the conditions and modifications that critical films of the time had to face, as well as the existence of a cinema aligned with the official speech of housing policies. Durante el franquismo fueron filmadas muchas películas que reflejaban la problemática de la vivienda, algunas de ellas muy relevantes en el ámbito de la cinematografía española. En función de su contenido ideológico sufrieron diferentes avatares con la Junta de Evaluación y Censura, el organismo que determinaba la calidad de las obras fílmicas y decidía la versión final del guion. Este artículo propone agrupar una serie de títulos en dos narrativas de desposesión distintas, así como analizar su relación con el aparato ideológico del estado. El marco temporal va desde 1957 hasta 1969 y lo delimitan las películas El inquilino y Un millón en la basura. Se pretenden demostrar los condicionamientos y modificaciones que tuvieron que enfrentar las películas críticas de la época, así como también la existencia de un cine alineado con el relato oficial sobre políticas de vivienda.

We assessed the utility of raloxifene (60 mg/day) as an adjuvant treatment for cognitive symptoms in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia in a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Patients were recruited from the inpatient and outpatient services of Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, and Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Seventy eight postmenopausal women with schizophrenia were randomized to either adjunctive raloxifene or placebo. Sixty-eight began the clinical trial (37 women on raloxifene adjunct) and 31 on placebo adjunct. The outcome measures were: memory, attention and executive function. Assessment was conducted at baseline and at week 24. Between groups homogeneity was tested with the Student's t test for continuous variables and/or the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables and the ?(2) test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. The differences between the two groups in neuropsychological test scores were compared using the Student's t test. The sample was homogenous with respect to age, formal education, illness duration and previous pharmacological treatment. The addition of raloxifene to antipsychotic treatment as usual showed no differences in cognitive function. The daily use of 60 mg raloxifene as an adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia has no appreciable effect.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01573637.

BackgroundWe have used a previously reported rabbit model of fetal growth restriction (FGR), reproducing perinatal neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular impairments, to investigate the main relative changes in cerebral and cardiac metabolism of term FGR fetuses during nutrient infusion.MethodsFGR was induced in 9 pregnant New Zealand rabbits at 25 days of gestation: one horn used as FGR, by partial ligation of uteroplacental vessels, and the contralateral as control (appropriate for gestation age, AGA). At 30 days of gestation, fasted mothers under anesthesia were infused i.v. with 1-13C-glucose (4 mothers), 2-13C-acetate (3 mothers), or not infused (2 mothers). Fetal brain and heart samples were quickly harvested and frozen down. Brain cortex and heart apex regions from 30 fetuses were studied ex vivo by HRMAS at 4°C, acquiring multinuclear 1D and 2D spectra. The data were processed, quantified by peak deconvolution or integration, and normalized to sample weight.ResultsMost of the total 13C-labeling reaching the fetal brains/hearts (80-90%) was incorporated to alanine and lactate (cytosol), and to the glutamine-glutamate pool (mitochondria). Acetate-derived lactate (Lac C2C3) had a slower turnover in FGR brains (~ -20%). In FGR hearts, mitochondrial turnover of acetate-derived glutamine (Gln C4) was slower (-23%) and there was a stronger accumulation of phospholipid breakdown products (glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphocholine, +50%), resembling the profile of non-infused control hearts.ConclusionsOur results indicate specific functional changes in cerebral and cardiac metabolism of FGR fetuses under nutrient infusion, suggesting glial impairment and restricted mitochondrial metabolism concomitant with slower cell membrane turnover in cardiomyocytes, respectively. These prenatal metabolic changes underlie neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular problems observed in this FGR model and in clinical patients, paving the way for future studies aimed at evaluating metabolic function postnatally and in response to stress and/or treatment.

Endoscopic extraction of digestive foreign bodies Introduction: The ingestion of a foreign body (FB) is very common in childhood, 10 to 20% of the cases require endoscopic removal. The aim of this study is to analyze the demographic, clinical and endoscopic characteristic of patients with FB ingestion requiring endoscopic management. Patients and Methods: The design corresponded to a Prospective Cohort Study. It included patients referred to the Clinica Alemana ER in Santiago in order to remove foreign bodies from their digestive systems between November 2007 and No-vember 2011. Demographic, clinical and endoscopic characteristics were recorded, classifying the symptoms as respiratory, digestive and other manifestations. Risk factors and complications were evaluated. Results: 170 patients, 52.4 % male with average age of four years and three months old. In 78.5 % of the cases, the FB ingestion occurred at home, 82.1% sought medical attention within two hours from the ingestion. Digestive, respiratory and local pain were among the most common symptoms. The location of the FB took place using simple x-ray in 87.6 % of the cases. 91.8% of the FBs were extracted. Location: retropharyngeal 1.3%, 69.3% esophagus, stomach 23 %, duodenum 1.9 % and 3.8 % distal duodenum. Round FB were the most frequent (56.4%) like coins, sharp objects (24.1%), batteries (14.7%), magnets (2.9%) and other large items (1.8%). Mucosal lesion was found in 53.5% of the cases and 9.8% required hospitalization Conclusions: The ingestion of FB occurred at home, and it is most frequent in preschool children. The most common FB was a coin. The location of the FB was through x-ray and no failure or complications were described during the endoscopic removal.(Key words: Foreign body, endoscopic extraction, pediatric age, accidents).Rev Chil Pediatr 2013; 84 (5): 505-512RESUMENIntroduccion: La ingestion de cuerpo extrano (CE) es frecuente en la infancia, requiriendo en el 10-20% de los casos extraccion endoscopica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las caracteristicas demograficas, clinicas y endoscopicas de los pacientes con ingesta de CE que requieren manejo endoscopico. Pacientes y

The complex [(tacn)6Fe8 (μ3-O) 2(μ2 -OH)12] Br8·9H2O(Fe8) was evaluated in vitro as a new kind of possible MRI contrast agent. Relaxivities were measured at 1.41 and 9.4 T for Fe8 and commercial Gd-DTPA dissolved in PBS. There was significant difference for r1 and r2 values between Fe8 and Gd-DTPA at high field (9.4 T) and for r1 at low field (1.4 T) (p < 0.05). Phantom studies with T1-weighted MRI at 9.4 T suggest T1 contrast potential for Fe8. That is, up to 5.2 times higher intensity enhancement with respect to that of equimolar Gd-DTPA was obtained with an Fe8 concentration, referred to the whole molecule, of 0.2 mM, for which no toxicity on C6 cells could be detected. No toxic effects on cultured C6 cells were observed up to a concentration of 1 mM Fe8. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Partial funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, MCYT SAF 2002–0440, MCYT MAT2003-01052, CIRIT 2002XT-48 and 2001SGR00335 is also acknowledged.

MRI and MRS are established techniques for the evaluation of intracranial mass lesions and cysts. The 2.03 ppm signal recorded in their (1)H-MRS spectra is often assigned to NAA from outer volume contamination, although it has also been detected in non-infiltrating tumours and large cysts. We have investigated the molecular origin of this resonance in ten samples of cystic fluids from human brain tumours. The NMR detected content of the 2.03 ppm resonance in 136 ms echo time spectra, assuming an N- CH(3) origin, was 3.19 +/- 1.01 mM. Only one third (34 +/- 12%) of the N-acetyl containing compound (NAC) signal could be extracted by perchloric acid (PCA) indicating that most of it originated in a macromolecular PCA-insoluble component. Chemical analysis of the cyst fluids showed that sialic acid bound to macromolecules would account for 64.3% and hexuronic containing compounds for 29.2% of the NMR-detectable ex vivo signal, 93.4% of the signal at TE 136 ms. Lactate content measured by NMR (6.4 +/- 4.4 mM) and the predominance of NAC originating in sialic acid point to a major origin from tumour rather than from plasma for this 2.03 ppm resonance.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar as reservas energéticas de metabólitos fosforilados no músculo esquelético de atletas mediante 31P-ERM. MÉTODOS: Amostra deste estudo foi formada por 14 atletas de alto nível do Centro de Alto Rendimento Esportivo (CAR, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Espanha). O padrão de metabólitos fosforilados foi medido no músculo vasto medial por 31P-ERM. A suplementação oral foi realizada durante 14 dias, na forma de 20g de monohidrato de creatina. Os atletas foram determinados conforme as suas características físicas (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 Max.) em dois grupos: placebo (maltodextrina) e suplementação com creatina. O protocolo de exercício foi realizado no interior do túnel de ressonância (160 x 52 cm), a 60 ciclos por minuto para ambas as pernas. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram um aumento significativo da fosfocreatina (PCr) durante o exercício, após o período de suplementação, denotando uma redução do seu consumo no grupo que recebeu suplementação com creatina; não houve diminuição significativa do pH intracelular e fosfato inorgânico após a suplementação. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo de exercício realizado pelos fundistas no Centro de Diagnóstico de Pedralbes permitiu detectar mediante 31P-ERM, no grupo que foi suplementado com creatina, uma diminuição do consumo de PCr durante os períodos de exercício.

The interaction of 6-fluoroquinolones at the lipid−water interface is the primary step for the activity of membrane transporters involved in the generation of drug resistance. In this work the inte...

NMR-visible mobile lipid (ML) has been observed in aggressive tumors and also in in vitro tumor cell models subjected to growth-inhibiting conditions, such as confluence or low-pH stress. The aim of the present study was to determine if ML production after confluence or low pH stress in a cultured cell model of brain tumor is due to growth arrest alone. ML was observed in situ by one- and two-dimensional (1)H NMR in viable but growth-arrested C6 glioma cells superfused for a period of 48 h after harvesting. The rate of ML production in cells harvested at subconfluence was compared to the rate in cells confluent for one cell cycle and to the rate in subconfluent-harvested cells superfused at low pH (pH 6.1). Confluent-harvested cells produced ML at a markedly greater rate than that of cells harvested at subconfluence, suggesting the involvement of prior cell-cell contact rather than simple growth arrest. A high rate was also observed in subconfluent-harvested cells subjected to low pH, indicating that ML in pH-stressed cells also does not arise from growth arrest alone. Furthermore, two-dimensional data on the degree of unsaturation of the ML fatty acyl chains and one-dimensional (31)P and two-dimensional (1)H NMR data on the GPC content of the cells suggest distinct metabolic pathways for the production of ML following confluence and low-pH stress.

Recent studies have shown that MRS can substantially improve the non-invasive categorization of human brain tumours. However, in order for MRS to be used routinely by clinicians, it will be necessary to develop reliable automated classification methods that can be fully validated. This paper is in two parts: the first part reviews the progress that has been made towards this goal, together with the problems that are involved in the design of automated methods to process and classify the spectra. The second part describes the development of a simple prototype system for classifying H-1 single voxel spectra, obtained at an echo time (TE) of 135 ms, of the four most common types of brain tumour (meningioma (MM), astrocytic (AST), oligodendroglioma (OD) and metastasis (ME)) and cysts. This system was developed in two stages: firstly, an initial database of spectra was used to develop a prototype classifier, based on a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of selected data points. Secondly, this classifier was tested on an independent test set of 15 newly acquired spectra, and the system was refined on the basis of these results. The system correctly classified all the non-astrocytic tumours. However, the results for the the astrocytic group were poorer (between 55 and 100%, depending on the binary comparison). Approximately 50% of high grade astrocytoma (glioblastoma) spectra in our data base showed very little lipid signal, which may account for the poorer results for this class. Consequently, far the refined system, the astrocytomas were subdivided into two subgroups for comparison against other tumour classes: those with high lipid content and those without

Introducción: La ingestión de cuerpo extraño (CE) es frecuente en la infancia, requiriendo en el 10-20% de los casos extracción endoscópica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las características demográficas, clínicas y endoscópicas de los pacientes con ingesta de CE que requieren manejo endoscópico. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo. Se incluyen los pacientes derivados al servicio de urgencia de Clínica Alemana de Santiago para extracción de cuerpo extraño entre noviembre de 2007-noviembre de 2011. Se registran variables demográficas, clínicas y endoscópicas, clasificando la sintomatología en respiratoria, digestiva y otros. Se evaluaron factores de riesgo y complicaciones. Resultados: 170 pacientes, 52,4% varones, edad promedio de 4 años y 3 meses. En 78,5% la ingestión de CE ocurrió en el hogar, el 82,1% consultó en las primeras 2 h. Los síntomas más comunes post ingestión fueron digestivos, respiratorios y dolor local. La localización del CE fue con radiografía simple en 87,6%. En el 91,8% se extrajo el CE. Localización: 1,3% retrofaríngeo, 69,3% esófago, 23% estómago, 1,9% duodeno, 3,8% distal a duodeno. Los CE más frecuentes fueron los redondos (56,4%) y dentro de ellos las monedas, punzantes (24,1%), pilas (14,7%), imanes (2,9%) y otros de gran tamaño (1,8%). Se encontró lesión de mucosa en el 53,5%, requiriendo hospitalización el 9,8% de los niños. Conclusiones: La ingestión de CE ocurre en el hogar y es más frecuente en pre escolares. El CE más frecuentes fue la moneda. La localización del CE fue con radiografía simple y no hubo fracaso ni complicaciones en la extracción endoscópica. Introduction: The ingestion of a foreign body (FB) is very common in childhood, 10 to 20% of the cases require endoscopic removal. The aim of this study is to analyze the demographic, clinical and endoscopic characteristic of patients with FB ingestion requiring endoscopic management. Patients and Methods: The design corresponded to a Prospective Cohort Study. It included patients referred to the Clinica Alemana ER in Santiago in order to remove foreign bodies from their digestive systems between November 2007 and November 2011. Demographic, clinical and endoscopic characteristics were recorded, classifying the symptoms as respiratory, digestive and other manifestations. Risk factors and complications were evaluated. Results: 170 patients, 52.4 % male with average age of four years and three months old. In 78.5 % of the cases, the FB ingestion occurred at home, 82.1% sought medical attention within two hours from the ingestion. Digestive, respiratory and local pain were among the most common symptoms. The location of the FB took place using simple x-ray in 87.6 % of the cases. 91.8% of the FBs were extracted. Location: retropharyngeal 1.3%, 69.3% esophagus, stomach 23 %, duodenum 1.9 % and 3.8 % distal duodenum. Round FB were the most frequent (56.4%) like coins, sharp objects (24.1%), batteries (14.7%), magnets (2.9%) and other large items (1.8%). Mucosal lesion was found in 53.5% of the cases and 9.8% required hospitalization Conclusions: The ingestion of FB occurred at home, and it is most frequent in preschool children. The most common FB was a coin. The location of the FB was through x-ray and no failure or complications were described during the endoscopic removal.

Introducción: La ingestión de cuerpo extraño (CE) es frecuente en la infancia, requiriendo en el 10-20% de los casos extracción endoscópica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las características demográficas, clínicas y endoscópicas de los pacientes con ingesta de CE que requieren manejo endoscópico. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo. Se incluyen los pacientes derivados al servicio de urgencia de Clínica Alemana de Santiago para extracción de cuerpo extraño entre noviembre de 2007-noviembre de 2011. Se registran variables demográficas, clínicas y endoscópicas, clasificando la sintomatología en respiratoria, digestiva y otros. Se evaluaron factores de riesgo y complicaciones. Resultados: 170 pacientes, 52,4% varones, edad promedio de 4 años y 3 meses. En 78,5% la ingestión de CE ocurrió en el hogar, el 82,1% consultó en las primeras 2 h. Los síntomas más comunes post ingestión fueron digestivos, respiratorios y dolor local. La localización del CE fue con radiografía simple en 87,6%. En el 91,8% se extrajo el CE. Localización: 1,3% retrofaríngeo, 69,3% esófago, 23% estómago, 1,9% duodeno, 3,8% distal a duodeno. Los CE más frecuentes fueron los redondos (56,4%) y dentro de ellos las monedas, punzantes (24,1%), pilas (14,7%), imanes (2,9%) y otros de gran tamaño (1,8%). Se encontró lesión de mucosa en el 53,5%, requiriendo hospitalización el 9,8% de los niños. Conclusiones: La ingestión de CE ocurre en el hogar y es más frecuente en pre escolares. El CE más frecuentes fue la moneda. La localización del CE fue con radiografía simple y no hubo fracaso ni complicaciones en la extracción endoscópica.

In most plants, sucrose is the primary product of photosynthesis, the transport form of assimilated carbon, and also one of the main factors determining sweetness in fresh fruits. Traditional methods for sugar quantification (mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose) require obtaining crude plant extracts, which sometimes involve substantial sample manipulation, making the process time-consuming and increasing the risk of sample degradation. Here, we describe and validate a fast method to determine sugar content in intact plant tissue by using high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS NMR). The HR-MAS NMR method was used for quantifying sucrose, glucose and fructose in mesocarp tissues from melon fruits (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus and Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis). The resulting sugar content varied among individual melons, ranging from 1.4 to 7.3 g of sucrose, 0.4–2.5 g of glucose; and 0.73–2.83 g of fructose (values per 100 g fw). These values were in agreement with those described in the literature for melon fruit tissue, and no significant differences were found when comparing them with those obtained using the traditional, enzymatic procedure, on melon tissue extracts. The HR-MAS NMR method offers a fast (usually, This work was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2008-03323 and SAF2011-23870 to CA) and the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (BIO2009-08719 and BIO2012-32838 to BSS). CIBER-BBN is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, which is co-funded with EU-funds.

Se define alergia alimentaria como una reacción adversa que se produce frente a la exposición de un alimento, mediada por una respuesta inmune específica y reproducible¹. La alergia alimentaria puede ser mediada por anticuerpos de tipo IgE, por mecanismos mixtos o no mediada por IgE. Durante el primer año de vida la alergia a la proteina de leche de vaca (APLV) es la forma más frecuente de presentación de la alergia alimentaria². Esta revisión pretende entregar una propuesta al enfrentamiento clínico de un lactante menor de un año con sospecha de APLV. Food allergies are defined as an immune reaction to a food protein. It may be mediated by IgE antibodies or not, or by mixed mechanisms. During the first year of life, allergy to dairy products is the most frequent cause of food allergy. This paper reviews mechanisms and management of allergy to dairy products.

Se define alergia alimentaria como una reaccion adversa que se produce frente a la exposicion de un alimento, mediada por una respuesta inmune especifica y reproducible1. La alergia alimentaria puede ser mediada por anticuerpos de tipo IgE, por mecanismos mixtos o no mediada por IgE. Durante el primer ano de vida la alergia a la proteina de leche de vaca (APLV) es la forma mas frecuente de presentacion de la alergia alimentaria2. Esta revision pretende entregar una propuesta al enfrentamiento clinico de un lactante menor de un ano con sospecha de APLV.

In the study described here, supported planar bilayers (SPBs) of 1-palmitoy-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE):cardiolipin (CL) (0.8:0.2, mol/mol) were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). SPBs were formed from suspensions of POPE:CL (0.8:0.2, mol/mol) in inverted hexagonal (H(II)) phases (buffer containing Ca(2+)). Three laterally segregated domains which differ in height were observed at 24 degrees C. Based on the area accounted for each domain and the nominal composition of the mixture, we interpret that the higher domain is formed by CL, while the intermediate and lower domains (LDs) are formed by POPE. The three domains respond to temperature increase with relative changes in their area. At 37 degrees C, we observed that the increase in the area of the intermediate domain occurs at the expense of the LD. (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P-NMR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used in combination with AFM to characterize the phase behavior of the suspensions and to elucidate the nature of the structures observed.

et al., A new iron-based T 1 contrast agent consisting of a complex of iron ions coordinated to phosphate and amine ligands (Fe(phos) in short) has been characterized by spectroscopic and magnetic measurements. NMR relaxation studies showed r 1 values to be dependent on the phosphate salt concentration, K2HPO4, present in the medium. r 1 reaches a maximum value of 2.5 mM-1 s-1 for measurements carried out at 7 T and 298 K. 31P MRS, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements of Fe(phos) solutions suggest paramagnetic Fe3+ ions present in the studied iron-phosphate complex. In vitro and in vivo toxicity experiments with C6 cells and CD1 mice, respectively, demonstrated lack of toxicity for Fe(phos) at the highest dose tested in the MRI experiments (12 mM iron for C6 cells and 0.32 mmol iron/kg for mice). Finally, T 1 weighted images of brain tumours in mice have shown positive contrast enhancement of Fe(phos) for tumour afflicted regions in the brain. © 2007 ESMRMB., This work was funded by: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT SAF 2002-0440 and MCYT MAT 2003-01052), Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC SAF 2005-03650), Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (2003-0467), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/17643/2004).

Contains fulltext : 50008.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) A computer-based decision support system to assist radiologists in diagnosing and grading brain tumours has been developed by the multi-centre INTERPRET project. Spectra from a database of 1H single-voxel spectra of different types of brain tumours, acquired in vivo from 334 patients at four different centres, are clustered according to their pathology, using automated pattern recognition techniques and the results are presented as a two-dimensional scatterplot using an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI). Formal quality control procedures were performed to standardize the performance of the instruments and check each spectrum, and teams of expert neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists and neuropathologists clinically validated each case. The prototype decision support system (DSS) successfully classified 89% of the cases in an independent test set of 91 cases of the most frequent tumour types (meningiomas, low-grade gliomas and high-grade malignant tumours--glioblastomas and metastases). It also helps to resolve diagnostic difficulty in borderline cases. When the prototype was tested by radiologists and other clinicians it was favourably received. Results of the preliminary clinical analysis of the added value of using the DSS for brain tumour diagnosis with MRS showed a small but significant improvement over MRI used alone. In the comparison of individual pathologies, PNETs were significantly better diagnosed with the DSS than with MRI alone.

The NMR-visible mobile lipid (ML) signals of C6 glioma cells have been monitored at 9.4 and 11.7 T (single pulse and 136 ms echo time) from cell pellets by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A reproducible behavior with growth has been found. ML signals increase from log phase (4 days of culture) to postconfluence (7 days of culture). This ML behavior is paralleled by the percentage of cells containing epifluorescence detectable Nile Red stained cytosolic droplets (range 23%–60% of cells). The number of positive cells increases after seeding (days 0–1), decreases at log phase (days 2–4), increases again at confluence (day 5) and even further at post-confluence (day 7). C6 cells proliferation arrest induced by growth factors deprivation induces an even higher accumulation of cytosolic droplets (up to 100% of cells) and a large ML increase (up to 21-fold with respect to 4-day log phase cells). When neutral lipid content is quantified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on total lipid extracts of C6 cells, no statistically significant change can be detected (in μg/108 cells) with growth or growth arrest in major neutral lipid containing species (triacylglycerol, TAG, diacylglycerol, DAG, cholesteryl esters, ChoEst) except for DAG, which decreased in post-confluent, 7-day cells. The apparent discrepancy between NMR, optical microscopy and TLC results can be reconciled if possible biophysical changes in the neutral lipid pool with growth are taken into account. A cellular explanation for the observed results is proposed: the TAG-droplet-size-change hypothesis.

The aim of this work was to identify spectral markers of cell proliferation that could be of use in clinical MRS. Cultured C6 ATCC rat glioma cells were used as models for this purpose and metabolites were extracted with perchloric acid at three different growth curve stages: log, confluence and post-confluence. 1D and 2D in vitro1H NMR spectra were recorded at 9.4 T. Statistically significant changes in myo-inositol and glutamine concentrations between log phase and post-confluence were found when normalized to the creatine ratio. The myo-inositol/creatine ratio was 2.76 ± 0.82 at log phase increasing to 7.43 ± 1.34 at post-confluence, while the glutamine/creatine ratio decreased from 0.22 ± 0.03 to 0.10 ± 0.02. No significant differences were recorded for other metabolites investigated. The fact that both myo-inositol and glutamine are detectable by in vivo MRS at clinical fields makes their changes relevant as potential astrocytic tumour proliferation rate markers in clinical MRS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Introducción: En la actualidad la gastrostomía ha cambiado el manejo de los niños para el soporte nutricional ambulatorio, así como el soporte nutricional a largo plazo en pacientes con patología crónica. La gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea (GEP) es la técnica de elección hoy en día principalmente por ser segura y porque constituye un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo. Sin embargo, como toda técnica quirúrgica no está libre de complicaciones, siendo una de ellas la migración del botón de gastrostomía en la pared abdominal o gástrica, conocido como Síndrome de Buried Bumper. Caso clínico: Con el fin de ilustrar esta complicación, hasta ahora poco descrita en niños, se presenta el caso de un preescolar a quien se le realizan dos gastrostomías percutáneas por vía endoscópica, en distintos sitios del estómago, complicándose en ambas oportunidades con este síndrome. Conclusión: Creemos que si bien es ciert o la PEG puede brindar una serie de ventajas al constituir un acceso seguro a la vía digestiva, ésta es una técnica invasiva, con complicaciones no despreciables desde infección de herida operatoria hasta el Buried Bumper, lo cual hace necesario revisar en detalle cada caso en particular con el fin de no agregar morbilidad a nuestro paciente

Introducción: En la actualidad la gastrostomía ha cambiado el manejo de los niños para el soporte nutricional ambulatorio, así como el soporte nutricional a largo plazo en pacientes con patología crónica. La gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea (GEP) es la técnica de elección hoy en día principalmente por ser segura y porque constituye un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo. Sin embargo, como toda técnica quirúrgica no está libre de complicaciones, siendo una de ellas la migración del botón de gastrostomía en la pared abdominal o gástrica, conocido como Síndrome de Buried Bumper. Caso clínico: Con el fin de ilustrar esta complicación, hasta ahora poco descrita en niños, se presenta el caso de un preescolar a quien se le realizan dos gastrostomías percutáneas por vía endoscópica, en distintos sitios del estómago, complicándose en ambas oportunidades con este síndrome. Conclusión: Creemos que si bien es ciert o la PEG puede brindar una serie de ventajas al constituir un acceso seguro a la vía digestiva, ésta es una técnica invasiva, con complicaciones no despreciables desde infección de herida operatoria hasta el Buried Bumper, lo cual hace necesario revisar en detalle cada caso en particular con el fin de no agregar morbilidad a nuestro paciente At present, gastrostomy has changed the treatment of children under ambulatory nutritional support, as well as in the long term nutrition of children with chronic pathologies. The percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the chosen procedure for its safety and its minimal invasiveness. In spite of this it is not exempt of complications, such as the migration of the gastrostomy button of the abdominal or gastric wall, known as the buried bumper syndrome. Clinical case: to illustrate this complication we present the case of a pre-school patient who underwent 2 endoscopic gastrostomies and on both occasions presented with this complication. Conclusions: In spite of the fact that we believe that PEG has many advantages, it nevertheless is an invasive procedure, with complications ranging from wound infection to buried bumper syndrome. Therefore it is necessary to study the risks-benefits of each particular case to avoid unnecesary morbidity

Nos interesó investigar el efecto de la suplementación oral de creatina en el metabolismo energético muscular de sujetos activos por medio de espectroscopia de resonancia magnética de fósforo (31P-RMN) y pruebas de rendimiento en laboratorio. Se estudiaron 13 varones, fisicamente activos de 23,1±5,3 años (media±sd), los sujetos se distribuyeron de manera aleatoria en tres grupos: placebo (grupo 1, n=4), suplementación de creatina (grupo 2, n=4) y suplementación de creatina más carbohidrato (grupo 3, n=5). La suplementación se efectuó por vía oral, durante 12 días en forma de: 20 g de fibra de guisante (grupo 1), 20 g de monohidrato de creatina (grupo 2) y 20 g de monohidrato de creatina más 5,7 g de maltodextrina y 9 g de fructosa (grupo 3). La dosis diaria se repartió en cuatro tomas iguales, disueltas en un vaso de agua. La prueba de rendimiento en laboratorio consistió en ejercicio de pedaleo sobre una bicicleta de freno mecánico a 120 rpm (fuerza de frenado igual al 30% de la fuerza máxima teórica determinada mediante una prueba previa de fuerza-velocidad) llevado hasta el agotamiento seguido, tras 1 minuto de pausa pasiva, se realizó un según ejercicio de 10 s de pedaleo (fuerza de frenado igual al 50% de la fuerza máxima) a máxima velocidad. Resultados: la relación PCr/ATP aumentó significativamente en los grupos 2 y 3. Esta relación no varió significativamente entre los grupos 2 y 3. Ambos grupos se consideraron conjuntamente como grupo de suplementación para el análisis de los resultados del rendimiento en el laboratorio. El grupo suplementado mejoró en forma significativa la velocidad máxima (11,5%), la potencia máxima (12%), y la potencia media (15,7%) desarrolladas durante el esfuerzo de 10 segundos. Se concluye que la suplementación con creatina incrementa el contenido muscular de fosfocreatina (PCr) y aumenta el rendimiento en una prueba de velocidad realizada en 10 segundos después de un esfuerzo extenuante The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the oral creatine supplementation over muscular energetic metabolism of physically active subjects, assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-RMN) and laboratory tests of performance. Thirteen male subjects (23,1±5,3 years), were assigned three groups. The first group (G1, n = 4) was used as control and received placebo (20 g of pea fiber), the second group (G2 n = 4) received creatine supplementation (20 g of creatine monohydrate) and the third group (G3, n = 5) received creatine and carbohydrate supplementation (20 g of creatine monohydrate, 5,7 g of maltodextrine and 9 g of fructose). Daily oral supplementation was provided during 12 days for all groups, which was given four times a day dissolved in a glass of water. The performance of the subjects was assessed by asking them to exercise in a cycle with a pedalling rate of 120 rpm exerting an effort that corresponded to 30% maximum force. The maximum force was determined using a test of force-velocity until fatigue. The results showed that groups 2 and 3 increased the PCr/ATP ratio, although no significant differences were found between these two groups. The groups that received oral suplementation (2 and 3) increased significantly maximum velocity (11.5%), maximum power (12.0%), and mean power (15.7%). We conclude that creatine supplementation increases the muscular content of PCr and improves muscular performance

La periodontitis es una enfermedad bacteriana modi­ficada por múltiples factores de riesgo entre los que cabe destacar la presencia de un huésped susceptible, factores locales, sistémicos y factores ambientales.