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Uvod: Medicinske sestre v pediatrični onkološki zdravstveni negi se srečujejo s pacienti in njihovimi družinami iz različnih kulturnih okolij. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti ključne elemente medkulturne zdravstvene oskrbe, ki jih prepoznavajo medicinske sestre v pediatrični onkologiji, ter izzive, s katerimi se srečujejo v praksi. Metode: Raziskava temelji na kvalitativnem deskriptivno-interpretativnem pristopu. Podatki so bili pridobljeni z individualnimi, delno strukturiranimi intervjuji na namenskem vzorcu sedmih medicinskih sester z izkušnjami na področju pediatrične onkološke zdravstvene nege. Podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: Identificirali smo tri teme: (1) značilnosti medosebnih odnosov in medkulturno komunikacijo, (2) spregledane vidike medkulturne zdravstvene nege in (3) zaznavanje lastne medkulturne prakse. Zaposleni v onkološki pediatrični zdravstveni negi so medosebne odnose in medkulturno prakso označili kot zelo pomembno za razumevanje težav in zagotavljanje potreb onkoloških pacientov, zato je zelo pomembnozačetno spoznavanje in vzpostavitev dobrega medsebojnega sodelovalnega odnosa, ki temelji na odprti komunikaciji, prilagodljivosti in spoštovanju kulturnih razlik. Sodelujoči opažajo, da na zdravje vplivajo medkulturne razlike in predvsem osebna prepričanja pacientov. Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovitve kažejo, da na pediatričnem onkološkem oddelku poznajo pomen dobrega medosebnega odnosa med zaposlenimi v pediatrični zdravstveni negi, otroki in njihovim starši ter upoštevajo njihove potrebe glede kulturno pogojenih vzorcev vedenja, na primer glede prehranjevanja in lajšanja bolečine. Prav tako pa se kaže potreba po dodatnem izobraževanju zaposlenih.

Introduction: With couples' increasing postponement of pregnancy to later in life and the associated rising infertility rates, healthcare professionals need to be proactive in counselling on the risk factors affecting reproduction. To do so, they need specific counselling skills and evidence-based information. The aim of this study was to assess and compare participants' knowledge of fertility issues before and after an educational intervention on preconception health care. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, using the same questionnaire to assess the pre- and post-intervention status. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of a literature review on infertility risk factors. The survey was conducted in a conference setting. Participation in the survey was voluntary and confidentiality was assured to all participants (midwives, nurses and healthcare students). The differences in participants' pre- and post-intervention knowledge were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The results of our study show an improvement in participants' overall knowledge on infertility risk factors. These improvements were statistically significant in the sections of 'Age and Fertility' and 'Environmental Hazards', while in the sections 'Pre-existing Medical Conditions' and 'Lifestyle Factors Affecting Fertility', participants already possessed comprehensive knowledge prior to the educational intervention. Discussion and conclusion: Health professionals can improve their knowledge on preconception health through continuous education. Further studies need to test the long-term effects of different educational approaches.

Abstract Background Nurses play an important role in interprofessional pharmaceutical care. Curricula related to pharmaceutical care, however, vary a lot. Mapping the presence of pharmaceutical care related domains and competences in nurse educational programs can lead to a better understanding of the extent to which curricula fit expectations of the labour market. The aim of this study was to describe 1) the presence of pharmaceutical care oriented content in nursing curricula at different educational levels and 2) nursing students’ perceived readiness to provide nurse pharmaceutical care in practice. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used. Nursing schools in 14 European countries offering educational programs for levels 4–7 students were approached between January and April 2021. Through an online survey final year students had to indicate to what extent pharmaceutical care topics were present in their curriculum. Results A total of 1807 students participated, of whom 8% had level 4–5, 80% level 6, 12% level 7. Up to 84% of the students indicated that pharmaceutical care content was insufficiently addressed in their curriculum. On average 14% [range 0–30] felt sufficiently prepared to achieve the required pharmaceutical care competences in practice. In level 5 curricula more pharmaceutical care domains were absent compared with other levels. Conclusions Although several pharmaceutical care related courses are present in current curricula of level 4–7 nurses, its embedding should be extended. Too many students perceive an insufficient preparation to achieve pharmaceutical care competences required in practice. Existing gaps in pharmaceutical care should be addressed to offer more thoroughly prepared nurses to the labour market.

Abstract Background Working in a culturally diverse environment entails a moral and professional responsibility to provide culturally competent care. This has been recognised as an important measure to reduce health inequalities, improve the quality of care and increase patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to assess the level of cultural competence in nursing students a decade after the introduction of transcultural nursing content into the nursing curriculum in Slovenia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design with 180 s-year nursing students as a convenience sample was used. Cultural competence was assessed using the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (CCATool) via an online survey. IBM SPSS facilitated statistical analysis, using descriptive statistics and inferential methods, including the chi-square test. Non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon signed-rank) were used for non-normally distributed data (Shapiro-Wilk test, p

Abstract Background In recent years, complex and rapidly changing healthcare settings have placed high demands on nursing graduates, who must effectively assume new professional roles with a wide variety of competencies. However, in an ever-altering environment it is impossible to teach students everything. This means that assessing nursing students’ perceptions of their ability to practise their competencies and assume their professional roles is critical for faculty to further develop the nursing education curriculum and to assist healthcare organisations in supporting the transition of graduates. The aim of the study was to explore newly graduated nurses’ perceptions of their new professional role and professional competency associated with this role. Methods A qualitative study using the focus group method. The purposive sample included 18 nursing graduates with an average of 29 years, most of whom were female. The average time that had elapsed since graduation was 1.5 years. Four face-to-face focus group interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes and subthemes. Results Three main themes describing newly graduated nurses’ perceptions were found: (1) significance of the transition period; (2) commitment to the nursing profession; and (3) perceived needs and challenges to professional competency. Conclusion The transition from a safe academic environment to turbulent clinical practice is shaped by both graduates’ expectations and reality. The results of the study indicate a high level of commitment to the profession immediately after graduation and point to groups of competencies that need greater emphasis in the nursing curriculum. Although the responsibility for adequately preparing and supporting nursing students for their new professional roles rests with faculty and healthcare organisations, the responsibility for professional development should also lie on the students themselves.

Abstract Background A clear need for the development of new comprehensive, reliable, sensitive and valid measurement tools to adequately asses the cultural competence and cultural sensitivity of nursing students exists. This study aimed to develop a new measurement tool to assess the nursing students’ cultural competence and sensitivity. Methods This cross-sectional, instrument development study’s first phase included postgraduate nursing students (n = 60) for the piloting study, and the second one included undergraduate nursing students (n = 459) for the main survey. This study used two data collection forms: The Student Descriptive Information Form and the Better and Effective Nursing Education for Improving Transcultural Nursing Skills Cultural Competence and Cultural Sensitivity Assessment Tool (BENEFITS-CCCSAT) draft. The content validity index was calculated using the Davis method. Cronbach’s α coefficient and the item total correlation were calculated during the reliability analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient test, Bartlett significance test, and explanatory factor analysis (EFA) were used to evaluate the validity of the assessment tool. Results Scale validity and reliability analyses showed that the BENEFITS-CCCSAT included 26 items and five sub-dimensions: respect for cultural diversity; culturally sensitive communication; achieving cultural competence; challenges and barriers in providing culturally competent care; and perceived meaning of cultural care. Conclusion The BENEFITS-CCCSAT appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the cultural sensitivity and cultural competence of nursing students. This can be of great use, especially before attending clinical areas, and can offer both students and faculty reliable information to promote reflective and critical thinking, especially in areas where improvement is needed.

Uvod: Od novozaposlenih medicinskih sester se velikokrat pričakuje, da bodo delovale enako kompetentno kot izkušene. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti razliko pri samooceni usposobljenosti za zdravstveno oskrbo pacientov v akutnih situacijah med novozaposlenimi medicinskimi sestrami in zaposlenimi več kot eno leto. Metode: Uporabljena je bila opisna neeksperimentalna kvantitativna metoda. S spletnim vprašalnikom je bilo izvedeno anketiranje na priložnostnem vzorcu 98 oseb, zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi. Podatki so bili zbrani na podlagi vprašalnika »Percepcija zdravstvene oskrbe v akutnih situacijah« (ang. Perception to Care in Acute Situations). Podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo deskriptivne statistike in Mann Whitneyjevega U-testa, Kruskal Wallisovega H-testa. Upoštevana stopnja statistične značilnosti je bila p < 0,05. Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so novozaposlene medicinske sestre zdravstveno oskrbo v akutnih situacijah samoocenile slabše kot medicinske sestre, zaposlene več kot leto dni (U=271,000, p < 0,001). Ugotovitve kažejo tudi razliko v samooceni usposobljenosti med medicinskimi sestrami z malo izkušnjami v akutnih situacijah in tistimi z veliko izkušnjami (U=293,000, p < 0,001). Diskusija in zaključek: Novozaposlene medicinske sestre se v začetku ne počutijo dovolj sposobne za samostojno delo v akutnih situacijah. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da na samooceno usposobljenosti medicinskih sester vplivajo spol, starost, delovna področja in predhodne izkušnje z akutnimi situacijami. Prihodnje raziskave bi se morale osredotočiti na vrsto izzivov, s katerimi se soočajo novozaposlene medicinske sestre in na pomen mentoriranja v zdravstveni negi.

Uvod: Odzivnost moških na Svit, državni program presejanja in zgodnjega odkrivanja predrakavih sprememb in raka na debelem črevesu in danki je še vedno nižja kot pri ženskah. Namen raziskave je bil pridobiti vpogled v osebno perspektivo moških, ki opredeljuje njihovo vedenje glede vključitve v presejalni program za zgodnje odkrivanje predrakavih sprememb na debelem črevesu in danki. Metode: Raziskava temelji na kvalitativni metodologiji. Na namenskem vzorcu devetih moških, starih med 50 in 74 let, ki so bili ciljano povabljeni v presejalni program Svit in so imeli izkušnjo z njim, so bili izvedeni delno strukturirani intervjuji. Raziskava je potekala med majem in junijem leta 2022. Podatki so bili analizirani s tematsko analizo vsebine. Rezultati: S kvalitativno analizo podatkov smo ugotovljene kode razporedili v štiri teme, ki opredeljujejo percepcijo in vedenje moških, kar vpliva na njihov odziv na program presejanja in zgodnjega odkrivanja raka moških: (1) doživljanje zdravstvene oskrbe; (2) znanje, stališča in prepričanja o presejalnem programu Svit; (3) doživljanje presejalnega programa Svit; (4) vpliv družbenega okolja na odzivnost na presejalni program Svit. Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovitve kažejo, da so vzroki za vključevanje v program presejanja in zgodnjega odkrivanja raka moških različni in so ključnega pomena za zgodnje odkrivanje raka in manjšo umrljivost zaradi bolezni. Ugotovitve raziskave kažejo, da imajo moški prisoten sindrom bele halje in odpora do zdravstvenih pregledov. Pri večini so prisotni strah, neznanje in pomembnost vzdrževanja »mačo imidža«. Nadaljnje raziskovanje bi moralo vključevati vpliv promocije načrtovanih presejalnih programov na odziv moških na presejalni program.

Precise epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of immigrant women admitted to gynecology or obstetrics departments are rarely explored. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to analyze the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of immigrant female patients hospitalized between 2012 and 2017 in one maternity hospital in south-west Slovenia. Clinical data retrieved from hospital electronic information system were used to analyze these characteristics. In the mentioned period, 605 immigrant women were hospitalized, most of them originating from countries of the former Yugoslavia (60.50%) or former Eastern Bloc (14.05%). The results show that in recent years there has been a constantly growing trend of immigrant women being admitted compared to the total number of hospitalizations. No statistical differences were established in the incidence of abortion, preterm delivery or vacuum extraction between Slovenian and immigrant women, although the analysis revealed a higher rate of cesarean section among immigrant women (χ2=26.960, p

Aim: Increased cultural diversity due to global migration and on-going associated healthcare disparities has highlighted the importance of culturally competent care. We sought to summarize existing knowledge and identify gaps in research linked to the cultural challenges encountered by nurses when caring for patients from different cultures. Design: A scoping review. Methods: Informed by PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO Host, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using relevant MeSH keywords for articles published from 2010-2020. We then used a 3-step data screening and extraction process to manage retrieved articles. Results: Initially 80 studies were identified, six of which met inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis yielded five themes: lack of cultural knowledge, language barriers, micro-racism, lack of time to attend training and provide culturally competent care, and recommendations to improve care delivery. Conclusion: Nurses should be proactive and advocate for the necessary education and training to provide culturally competent care so critical to providing high-quality healthcare. More research, interventional and effectiveness in particular, is needed to address common challenges such as micro-racism and to facilitate the World Health Organization and National Academy of Medicine recommendations directed at providing culturally appropriate care to promote health equity.

Uvod: V številnih evropskih državah so medicinske sestre pridobile kompetenco predpisovanja zdravil. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti, kakšna stališča imajo zaposleni v zdravstveni negi v Sloveniji do predpisovanja zdravil s strani medicinskih sester. Metode: Uporabili smo mešani raziskovalni pristop. Kvantitativni priložnostni vzorec je vključeval 61, kvalitativni namenski vzorec pa 10 zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi iz različnih kliničnih okolij. Kot instrument smo v kvantitativnem delu raziskave uporabili spletni vprašalnik s področja farmacevtske skrbi (Cronbach α = 0,954). Rezultate kvantitativnega dela raziskave smo analizirali s pomočjo računalniškega programa SPSS, ver. Kvalitativni del raziskave je bil izveden z delno strukturiranimi intervjuji, ki so bili analizirani z metodo analize vsebine. Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da imajo zaposleni v zdravstveni negi deljeno mnenje glede predpisovanja zdravil s strani medicinskih sester. Anketiranci z daljšimi delovnimi izkušnjami (> 12 let) so bolj naklonjeni predpisovanju zdravil s strani medicinskih sester (χ2 = 7,708, p = 0,021). Prav tako imajo zaposleni v kliničnem okolju bolj pozitivna stališča do predpisovanja zdravil kot tisti, ki delujejo na področju raziskovanja in izobraževanja (χ2 = 9,721, p = 0,008). Kvalitativni del je pokazal, da je največja ovira za uveljavljanje večje vloge medicinske sestre na področju predpisovanja zdravil pomanjkljivo znanje s področja farmakologije in neustrezna zakonska podlaga. Diskusija in zaključek: Zaposleni v zdravstveni negi imajo pomisleke glede prevzemanja kompetenc s področja predpisovanja zdravil, vendar so kljub temu izrazili željo po določeni stopnji avtonomije na omenjenem področju.

Uvod: Etična občutljivost je pomemben dejavnik pri zagotavljanju kakovostne zdravstvene oskrbe. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti etično občutljivost študentov zdravstvene nege. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvantitativna metodologija raziskovanja z metodo anketiranja. Anketiranje je potekalo na priložnostnem vzorcu 126 dodiplomskih študentov zdravstvene nege. Podatki so bili zbrani na podlagi prevedenega in prilagojenega »Vprašalnika za merjenje etične občutljivosti med študenti zdravstvene nege« (ang. Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students). Za statistično analizo so bile uporabljene naslednje metode: osnovna deskriptivna statistika ter neparametrični Mann-Whitneyjev U-test in Kruskal- Wallisov H-test. Rezultati: Rezultat notranje konsistentnosti za celoten vprašalnik je pokazal dobro stopnjo zanesljivosti (Cronbach α = 0,711). Anketirani študenti zdravstvene nege na dodiplomskem študiju so prikazali zmerno stopnjo etične občutljivosti ( = 33,50, s = 5,615). Rezultati so pokazali statistično značilne razlike v stopnji etične občutljivosti med rednimi študenti dodiplomskega študija zdravstvene nege in študenti izrednega študija (p = 0,025). Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da obstajajo možnosti za izboljšanje etične občutljivosti študentov zdravstvene nege. Na podlagi ugotovitev so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave o etični občutljivosti v povezavi z delovno otopelostjo v zdravstvenem sistemu. Smiselno bi bilo raziskati tudi dejavnike, ki vplivajo na etično občutljivost in primerjati etično občutljivost med študenti zdravstvene nege in zaposlenimi medicinskimi sestrami.

Introduction: The growing proportion of overweight and obese people worldwide is of great concern as it affects the overall health of people and consequently also their reproductive health. The aim of this literature review is to examine how increased body mass index affects fertility and preconception health in men and women. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted in February 2021 using PubMed and Medline databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. Inclusion criteria consisted of scientific literature, regardless of methodology, and articles published in Slovene and English. Results: The literature search yielded 9 reviews and 5 original quantitative studies published in English in the last 15 years. The results suggest that there is compelling evidence that obese individuals are at increased risk of various health problems in the pre-conception period that may affect their fertility and ability to conceive. Discussion and conclusion: The rising prevalence of high body mass index is changing the reproductive health of men and women. Growing obesity rates, particularly in the Western world, call for greater awareness of this metabolic syndrome and its impact on female and male reproduction. Health professionals working with couples in the pre-conception period should have sufficient knowledge to address the impact of high body mass index on reproductive health and promote a healthy lifestyle.

Uvod: Medosebni odnos med mentorjem in mentorirancem je ključnega pomena za uspešno izpeljan proces mentoriranja in izobraževanje novega kadra na področju zdravstvene nege. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti in raziskati medosebne odnose med mentorji in mentoriranci zdravstvene nege ter ugotoviti, kateri dejavniki krojijo njihove odnose. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna metodologija raziskovanja in deskriptivno-interpretativni dizajn. Podatki na namenskem vzorcu štirih mentorjev so bili pridobljeni z individualnimi delno strukturiranimi intervjuji in na vzorcu osmih mentorirancev s pomočjo dveh fokusnih skupin. Podatki so bili zbrani v decembru 2021 in analizirani z metodo analize vsebine. Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da mentorji in mentoriranci njihov medosebni odnos dojemajo podobno. Identificirali smo skupno glavno temo »medosebni odnos mentor – mentoriranec« ter glavni podtemi »značilnosti medosebnega odnosa mentor – mentoriranec« in »dejavniki medosebnega odnosa mentor – mentoriranec«. Tako mentorji kot mentoriranci imajo skladna pričakovanja glede njihove vloge. Kot glavne dejavnike medosebnega odnosa so oboji izpostavili osebnostne lastnosti mentorja in mentoriranca, postavljanje mej v medosebnem odnosu, čas, namenjen vzpostavljanju medosebnega odnosa, ter razlike v odnosu glede na področje kliničnega usposabljanja. Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovljeni so bili ključne značilnosti in dejavniki medosebnega odnosa med mentorjem in mentorirancem v procesu mentoriranja. Izpostavili smo ključne elemente, ki se jih morajo v procesu kliničnega usposabljanja zavedati vsi udeleženci, saj le tako lahko premostijo različne potencialne ovire in izboljšajo izkušnjo mentoriranja v kliničnem okolju.

Abstract Background Gender stereotypes influence both women and men who work as nurses as well as individuals considering nursing as a profession. The aim of this study was to explore male and female nursing students’ experiences and perspectives regarding gender-defined roles as well as how they view their future professional roles. Methods The study used a descriptive qualitative design. A convenience sample included 72 full-time second- and third-year undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected in 2017 using a self-administered qualitative questionnaire consisting of 11 essay-type questions. As an additional data collection method, a drawing method was applied. The data were analysed by content analysis separately for the male and female perspectives. Results Altogether, eight themes emerged, with half explaining the male and the other half the female students’ perspectives. Students choose nursing for altruistic, opportunistic and organisational reasons. Among the female students, another reason “family and social incentives” was also identified. Female students’ vision of their future professional role included altruism and positive representations of ‘being a nurse’, whereas the male students’ vision included management and leadership, and technical aspects of nursing. Conclusions Both male and female nursing students face the limits of their own gender roles, yet they are prepared to challenge these gender-based perceptions. Tackling stereotypes and raising public awareness, using gender-inclusive language and strategies for recruitment, ensuring gender diversity in nursing teams and revising the nursing curriculum where appropriate, are just some of the implications that arise to help overcome gender differences.

Uvod: Hitro širjenje nove vrste koronavirusa (SARS-CoV-2) in visoko število hospitalizacij sta ustavila javno življenje na globalni ravni. Zaradi omejevanja gibanja v času pandemije je prišlo do omejitev obiskovanja zdravstvenih ustanov in izvajanja neposrednega zdravstvenega varstva. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti zadovoljstvo pacientov z dostopnostjo do zdravstvenih storitev v času epidemije covida-19 v Sloveniji. Metode: Uporabljena je bila opisna neeksperimentalna metoda empiričnega raziskovanja. Merski instrument je predstavljal spletni vprašalnik, ki ga je med decembrom 2020 in februarjem 2021 izpolnilo 226 oseb. Uporabljen je bil priložnostni vzorec odraslih oseb. Podatki so bili analizirani z opisno statistiko ter neparametričnim Mann-Whitneyjevim U-testom in Kruskal-Wallisovim testom. Rezultati: Anketiranci najbolj cenijo prijazen in spoštljiv odnos zdravstvenih delavcev ter razpoložljivost za hitro pomoč. Negativno ocenjujejo telefonsko nedosegljivost, čakanje v čakalnicah ter kratek čas obravnave pri zdravniku. Rezultati nakazujejo manjšo stopnjo zadovoljstva z dostopnostjo zdravstvenih storitev v času epidemije covida-19 (Me = 86,50). Rezultati kažejo pozitivno stališče moških o dostopnosti zdravstvenih storitev (U = 1297,5, p < 0,05), med ostalimi skupinami ni bilo statistično pomembnih razlik (p < 0,05). Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovite kažejo, da se v času od pojava virusa SARS-CoV-2 v Sloveniji zaupanje do zdravstva in zdravstvenih storitev in njuna dostopnost nista izrazito spremenila. Ponekod po svetu se je v tem času še dodatno razvilo področje telemedicine, ki jo je treba tudi v Sloveniji bolj uveljaviti. V prihodnje je smiselno raziskati, kako je epidemija vplivala na psihofizično zdravje ljudi v naši državi.

Izhodišče: Delež oseb, ki zbolijo za rakom dojk v času delovno aktivnega življenja, narašča. Zdravljenje raka dojk lahko pusti trajne posledice, ki vplivajo na delovno sposobnost po zdravljenju, kar velja tudi za medicinske sestre (poimenovanje uporabljamo za vse poklicne profile v zdravstveni negi v Sloveniji), ki pogosto opravljajo izmensko in nočno delo s povečanimi delovnimi obremenitvami. Namen: Namen raziskave je bil pridobiti poglobljen vpogled v doživljanje in izkušnje zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi po vrnitvi v delovno aktivno življenje po zdravljenju raka dojk. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna opisna metoda. Podatke smo pridobili iz delno strukturiranih intervjujev na namenskem vzorcu medicinskih sester, ki so se vrnile na delo po zdravljenju zgodnjega raka dojk. Raziskava je potekala poleti leta 2021 v Sloveniji, v regiji z visoko incidenčno stopnjo raka dojk. Podatke smo analizirali s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo pet zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi z zaključeno srednješolsko izobrazbo po zdravljenju zgodnjega raka dojk, ki so se vrnile na delovno mesto v povprečju po 19,4 meseca (od 13 do 39 mesecev). Udeleženke so bile vključene v raziskavo v povprečju 5,8 leta (od 2 do 10 let) po vrnitvi na delo. V raziskavi smo določili tri teme, ki opredeljujejo izkušnje udeleženk, ki so se po zdravljenju raka dojk vrnile na delovno mesto: (1) doživljanje ob začetku bolezni in med zdravljenjem, (2) vrnitev na delo in (3) podporni mehanizmi ob vrnitvi na delo. Zaključek: Vrnitev na delo po prebolelem raku dojk v zdravstvu ni samoumevna ali lahka ter zahteva prilagoditve in sodelovanje vseh, ki so udeleženi v tem procesu: medicinske sestre po zdravljenju raka dojk, njenih sodelavcev in nadrejenih, pa tudi pomembnih drugih bližnjih. Pri tem je pomembna vloga neposredno nadrejenih in sodelavcev, ki lahko s svojimi dejanji ustvarijo podporno in razumevajoče delovno okolje za uspešno vrnitev.

Uvod: Medicinske sestre se pri svojem delu pogosto soočajo z jezikovnimi in kulturnimi izzivi, ki jih prinaša stik z albansko govorečimi pacienti. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti doživljanja medicinskih sester in njihove izkušnje z albansko govorečimi pacienti, raziskati morebitne težave in predlagati rešitve. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna raziskovalna metodologija. V namenski kvotni vzorec je bilo vključenih 12 medicinskih sester, zaposlenih na primarnem in sekundarnem nivoju zdravstvene dejavnosti. Delno strukturirani intervjuji so bili opravljeni novembra 2021. Za analizo podatkov je bila uporabljena metoda vsebinske analize besedila. Rezultati: Identificirane so bile štiri tematske skupine, ki opisujejo preučevani fenomen: (1) prvi stik z albansko govorečimi pacienti, (2) značilnosti obravnave albansko govorečih pacientov, (3) načini reševanja jezikovnih preprek, (4) predlogi za razreševanje ovir pri zdravstveni obravnavi. Diskusija in zaključek: V Sloveniji je problematika albansko govorečih pacientov opazna že nekaj let, a do občutnega urejanja tega področja ne prihaja. Ugotovitve nakazujejo, da trenutno reševanje jezikovnih in kulturnih ovir po večini temelji na improvizaciji zdravstvenih delavcev, kar lahko vodi v številne napake. Nadaljnje raziskovanje bi moralo vključevati vidik albansko govorečih pacientov.

Abstract Background The competency-based approach to the assessment of nursing practice has been adopted as a key policy in the developed world. The continual self-assessment of competence gives nurses the opportunity to reflect on their competencies and has a significant impact on the quality of nursing practice and patient safety. The study was designed to describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation and to assess the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of a short form of the Nurse Professional Competence scale (NPC-SF) and to evaluate the efficacy of this instrument in a sample of registered nurses. Methods A cross-sectional and validation study was conducted in 425 registered nurses to test the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of a short form of the scale and to evaluate nurses’ professional competence. A multilevel approach was used: Translation, back-translation, language validity, face and content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the Slovenian version of the scale were analysed respectively. Participants completed an online survey, with the data being collected between April and July 2020. Results Factor analysis showed that the Slovenian version of the scale could be used in four dimensions explained with 65 % of the variance. Cronbach’s α was 0.972. The four-factor model fit the data (RMSEA = 0.083, CFI = 0.731). Self-reported competence was high and rated higher by nurses employed at the tertiary level of healthcare, followed by nurses employed at the secondary and primary, and from social care institutions. Nurses with more years of experience assessed their competence higher. Conclusions The NPC-SF helps understand and identify nurses’ self-reported core competencies in clinical settings, thereby providing an important predictor of the professional development of nursing. The Slovenian version of the scale demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and may be used in research and clinical practice to evaluate nurses’ professional competence.

Uvod: Na kliničnem usposabljanju ima podpora kliničnih mentorjev ključno vlogo pri zadovoljstvu študentov. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati zadovoljstvo študentov zdravstvene nege s kliničnim usposabljanjem in oceniti stopnjo podpore, ki so je bili deležni. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvantitativna neeksperimentalna metoda empiričnega raziskovanja. Instrument raziskave je bil vprašalnik zaprtega tipa (CLEI-19) z 19 trditvami. Raziskava je potekala na priložnostnem vzorcu študentov dodiplomskega študijskega programa zdravstvene nege (n = 106) ene izmed fakultet v Sloveniji. Pri statistični analizi podatkov sta bili uporabljeni deskriptivna ter interferenčna statistika (Mann- Whitneyjev U-test). Rezultati: Rezultati kažejo zadovoljstvo študentov zdravstvene nege s kliničnim usposabljanjem ( = 3,55, s = 1,064, p < 0,001) in zaznano podporo kliničnih mentorjev ( = 3,70, s = 0,856, p < 0,001). Med študenti zdravstvene nege ni opaziti statistično pomembnih razlik med spoloma, načinoma študija in letnikoma študija (p > 0,05) tako v povezavi z zadovoljstvom z zadnjim kliničnim usposabljanjem kot z zaznano podporo kliničnega mentorja. Diskusija in zaključek: Študenti izkazujejo zadovoljstvo s kliničnim usposabljanjem in med njegovim izvajanjem občutijo podporo kliničnega mentorja. Z namenom ohranjanja tovrstne kakovosti klinične izkušnje in njene nadgradnje bi bilo smiselno v usposabljanje kliničnih mentorjev vključiti več vsebin o mentorskih kompetencah, ki bi izboljšale zadovoljstvo študentov s kliničnim usposabljanjem in povečale podporo mentorjev.

Introduction: Student mobility programmes have become a valuable instrument in student education as they enable the acquisition of essential knowledge, skills and attitudes, and equip the individual more effectively to work in the globalised world. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of international exchange programmes on the personal and professional development of undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A quantitative secondary analysis was conducted. The primary data were collected in 2016 as part of the study entitled International Nursing Student Exchange – Comparison Between Slovene and Foreign Students. The sample in the secondary analysis consisted of 73 nursing students from Slovenia and other European countries. The questionnaire included 20 statements which were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree). The data were described on the basis of calculated mean values and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: On the personal level, students stressed that mobility can improve their self-confidence (Z = –2.088, p = 0.037) and acceptance of other cultures (Z = –3.116, p = 0.002). On the professional level, they highlighted the need to upgrade students' professional competencies (Z = –3.116, p = 0.002), particularly in the field of culturally competent nursing care (Z = –2.391, p = 0.017). Discussion and conclusion: The benefits reported by nursing students seem to show that it is sensible to continue to support and promote international student mobility programmes.

The Covid-19 pandemic poses a new challenge in the adoption of ICT in education. The need for educational institutions to develop standards and implement quality assurance in digital education has suddenly gained new significance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the learning experiences of nurse educators in Slovenia acquired during a nine-week modular online course on the design, delivery and evaluation of online study units, based on a quality standard for digital education developed for this purpose. A mixed methods approach was used. The evaluation of the nurse educators’ learning experiences was examined quantitatively (cross-sectional study) and qualitatively (focus group). The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire questionnaire was 0.921, indicating that the internal consistency of the questionnaire developed for evaluation was excellent. The thematic analysis identified three main themes. At the end of the course, the nursing teachers expressed their desire for additional courses in which they could gain and deepen their knowledge of the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of the educational unit with the help of digital technology.

Uvod: Sodobni čas prinaša nove koncepte delovne kulture in nove oblike sodelovanja v interdisciplinarnih timih in prav medsebojna komplementarnost ter razumevanje spretnosti posameznih poklicnih skupin so kazalnik uspešnega medpoklicnega sodelovanja. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti značilnosti procesa medpoklicnega sodelovanja v zdravstvenih timih in identificirati ključne komponente dobrega sodelovanja. Metode: V neeksperimentalni opisni kvantitativni raziskavi je bil uporabljen prirejen vprašalnik za oceno medpoklicnega sodelovanja v interdisciplinarnih timih. V priložnostni vzorec sta bila zajeta 203 zdravstvena delavca. Od tega je bilo 147 (72,4 %) medicinskih sester, 27 (13,3 %) zdravnikov in 29 (14,3 %) drugih zdravstvenih sodelavcev. Podatki so bili analizirani z osnovno deskriptivno statistiko, korelacijskim koeficientom (Spermanova korelacija), Kolmogorov-Smirnovovim in Shapiro-Wilkovim testom ter Mann-Whitneyjev U-testom. Rezultati: Ugotovitve kažejo statistično pomembne razlike o stopnji zadovoljstva med zdravstvenimi poklici. V povprečju so najbolj zadovoljni zdravniki s svojim sodelovanjem tako z medicinskimi sestrami (x = 3,03, s = 0,26) kot z drugimi zdravstvenimi sodelavci (x = 2,86, s = 0,22). Najmanj zadovoljne so medicinske sestre s sodelovanjem z zdravniki (x = 2,36, s = 0,42). Diskusija in zaključek: Na osnovi rezultatov smo dobili vpogled v oceno trenutne stopnje sodelovanja v interdisciplinarnem timu, pri čemer so zdravniki optimistični v oceni sodelovanja, v nasprotju pa so medicinske sestre v svoji oceni bolj kritične. Različni pogledi in odnos zdravstvenih delavcev do sodelovanja kažejo potrebo po umestitvi teme poklicnega sodelovanja v formalno izobraževanje.

The introduction of simulations as a contemporary learning and teaching method in undergraduate nursing education: a descriptive study The aim of our study was to evaluate the learning experiences of undergraduate nursing students enrolled in an Advanced Life Support (ALS) simulation course, by using a patient simulator. Seventy-three undergraduate nursing students from the third year evaluated a simulation-based ALS course, using statements scored on a five-point Likert scale and three open-ended questions. Students believe that simulations are an efficient method for learning that facilitates the integration of theoretical knowledge into everyday clinical practice. Although 16 students stated that this experience was slightly stressful, all students were of the opinion that they would like to have more opportunities to learn through simulations

Optimalne zdravstvene izide v nosečnosti povezujemo s stopnjo zdravstvene pismenosti, ki je danes prepoznana kot ključna socialna determinanta zdravja. Namen integrativnega pregleda literature je bil preučiti, kateri sodobni pristopi (intervencije) zdravstvene vzgoje za dvig zdravstvene pismenosti nosečnic so razviti v svetu ter kakšna je vključenost strokovnjakov drugih disciplin v intervencije zdravstvene vzgoje. Pregledani so bili članki, objavljeni med letoma 2010 in 2021, iz naslednjih elektronskih podatkovnih zbirk: Cinahl in Medline (prek baze EBSCOhost), PubMed in ScienceDirect. V končno vsebinsko integrativno analizo je bilo umeščenih pet kvantitativnih raziskav. Zbrani podatki so bili analizirani z metodo tematske analize. Raziskave poročajo o vplivu zdravstvene pismenosti na prepričanja/stališča, znanje in življenjski slog med nosečnostjo, obenem pa tudi kažejo na to, da je vključevanje drugih, nezdravstvenih strokovnjakov v zdravstvenovzgojne intervencije zelo omejeno. Vidne so spremembe v pristopu sodobne zdravstvene vzgoje, a hkrati tudi to, da je ta proces prepočasen in nezadostno progresiven.

Uvod: Medpoklicno sodelovanje medicinskih sester pri zagotavljanju farmacevtske skrbi je pomembno z vidika zagotavljanja kakovosti zdravstvene oskrbe pacienta. Vendar pa vključevanje medicinskih sester v farmacevtsko skrb odpira tudi številna vprašanja, povezana z njihovim izobraževanjem ter posledično posedovanjem kompetenc za njihovo učinkovito vlogo pri zagotavljanju farmacevtske skrbi. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti stališča zdravnikov, farmacevtov in medicinskih sester do vloge slednjih v medpoklicnem sodelovanju na področju farmacevtske skrbi v Sloveniji. Metode: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna interpretativna metoda. V namenski kvotni vzorec je bilo vključenih 24 oseb: osem zdravnikov, osem farmacevtov in osem medicinskih sester. Podatki so bili zbrani z delno strukturiranimi intervjuji. Pridobljene podatke smo analizirali s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: Raziskava je razkrila, da medicinske sestre že sedaj opravljajo del nalog na področju farmacevtske skrbi in svojo vlogo vidijo tudi v nadaljnjih prizadevanjih za medpoklicno sodelovanje. Ugotovitve sicer kažejo, da zdravniki in farmacevti niso naklonjeni morebitnim profesionalnim kompetencam medicinskih sester, ki vključujejo področje zagotavljanja farmacevtske skrbi. Ob tem izpostavljajo zlasti znanje, ki ga po njihovem mnenju medicinskim sestram primanjkuje. Rešitev vidijo v vpeljevanju dodatnih izobraževanj s področja farmakologije. Medicinske sestre menijo, da so v okviru zagotavljanja farmacevtske skrbi zapostavljene oziroma neenakopravne. Diskusija in zaključek: Medpoklicno sodelovanje v okviru zagotavljanja farmacevtske skrbi je zelo pomembno in ima lahko pozitiven vpliv na rezultate zdravljenja, vendar morajo medicinske sestre pridobiti ustrezna dodatna znanja in posledično kompetence, se kontinuirano izobraževati, imeti vidnejšo vlogo v kliničnih raziskavah ter ne nazadnje v teh prizadevanjih tudi same prevzemati dejavnejšo vlogo.

Uvod: Zadovoljstvo na delovnem mestu je ključni dejavnik kakovostno opravljenega dela v zdravstveni negi. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti pogled medicinskih sester na zadovoljstvo z delom ter kako slednje prispeva k razvoju izgorelosti. Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna opisna metoda. Na namenskem kvotnem vzorcu 12 medicinskih sester, zaposlenih na primarni, sekundarni in terciarni zdravstveni dejavnosti, so bili opravljeni delno strukturirani intervjuji. Pridobljeni podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: Identificirane so bile naslednje teme: (1) negativni dejavniki delovnega okolja; (2) motivacijski dejavniki na delovnem mestu; (3) vpliv zadovoljstva medicinskih sester na zasebno življenje ter (4) osebni pomen zadovoljstva z delom. Diskusija in zaključek: Za zaposlene v zdravstveni negi je pomembno, da vladajo dobri medsebojni odnosi v timu. Le z dobrimi medsebojnimi odnosi bomo uporabnikom zdravstvenih storitev omogočili strokovno in kakovostno obravnavo. Rešitev, s katero bi zmanjšali izgorelost zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi in pripomogli k njeni prepoznavnosti, vidimo v povečanju ozaveščanja o sindromu izgorelosti. Treba bi bilo prispevati k politiki oblikovanja ukrepov za premagovanje oziroma preprečevanje težav, povezanih z izgorevanjem medicinskih sester na delovnem mestu. Proces obvladovanja stresa in izgorevanja bi moral postati sestavni del organizacijskega procesa, saj prispeva k večji učinkovitosti organizacije. Z ustreznim usmerjanjem in zadostnim kadrovskim normativom je možno stroške, povezane z boleznijo zaposlenih, precej zmanjšati. Organizacija namreč s skrbjo za zdravje zaposlenih prispeva tudi k njihovi večji motiviranosti.

The core competencies in disaster nursing, nurses’ roles in disaster management and the potential barriers are assessed with a view to developing disaster nursing in Slovenia. Despite training and experience, many indicators show nurses are deficient in skills involving emergency and disaster-preparedness competencies. Nurses report little familiarity with disaster-planning skills, the implementation of disaster guidelines and assessment of patients subject to a disaster circumstance. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted based on data collected through an online survey. 118 registered nurses from different clinical settings in Slovenia participated in the study. Data were collected according to the Slovenian version of the Disaster Nursing Core Competencies Scale (Sl-DNCC-Scale). The scale was limited to a 7-point Likert response format (from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). The results show the registered nurses perceive the core competencies of disaster nursing to be important to their preparedness for disaster situations (median = 161; range 74–189). Registered nurses who work in nursing homes and nurse managers are more aware of the importance of acquiring the listed competencies for unexpected events (p = 0.011 and 0.060 respectively) and the importance of their active role in disaster management (p = 0.027 and p = 0.004, respectively). To effectively deal with a disaster, nurses must be well prepared for unexpected events and more actively involved in disaster management. This study demonstrates that nurses regard the core disaster nursing competencies as important and greatly needed in various healthcare facilities. Future studies in this area should focus on ways to implement these competencies in nursing education.

ObjectivesTo understand healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions of nurses' potential or ideal roles in pharmaceutical care (PC).DesignQualitative study conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews.SettingBetween December 2018 and October 2019, interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals of 14 European countries in four healthcare settings: hospitals, community care, mental health and long-term residential care.ParticipantsIn each country, pharmacists, physicians and nurses in each of the four settings were interviewed. Participants were selected on the basis that they were key informants with broad knowledge and experience of PC.Data collection and analysisAll interviews were conducted face to face. Each country conducted an initial thematic analysis. Consensus was reached through a face-to-face discussion of all 14 national leads.Results340 interviews were completed. Several tasks were described within four potential nursing responsibilities, that came up as the analysis themes, being: 1) monitoring therapeutic/adverse effects of medicines, 2) monitoring medicines adherence, 3) decision making on medicines, including prescribing 4) providing patient education/information. Nurses' autonomy varied across Europe, from none to limited to a few tasks and emergencies to a broad range of tasks and responsibilities. Intended level of autonomy depended on medicine types and level of education. Some changes are needed before nursing roles can be optimised and implemented in practice. Lack of time, shortage of nurses, absence of legal frameworks and limited education and knowledge are main threats to European nurses actualising their ideal role in PC.ConclusionsEuropean nurses have an active role in PC. Respondents reported positive impacts on care quality and patient outcomes when nurses assumed PC responsibilities. Healthcare professionals expect nurses to report observations and assessments. This key patient information should be shared and addressed by the interprofessional team. The study evidences the need of a unique and consensus-based PC framework across Europe.

Uvod: Nosečnost in z njo povezan porod sta za žensko in njeno družino zelo pomembna in čustvena dogodka, ki s seboj prinašata veliko sprememb. Namen kvalitativne raziskave je bil skozi primere porodnih zgodb proučiti kulturo rojevanja na Goriškem v 20. stoletju. Metode: V raziskavi je bila uporabljena deskriptivna interpretativna metoda. Uporabljen je bil namenski vzorec šestih žensk. Najmlajša izmed sodelujočih je bila stara 66 let, najstarejša pa 95 let. Raziskava je potekala aprila 2019. Podatki so bili zbrani z delno strukturiranim intervjujem in analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: Identificirane so bile štiri teme: (1) spomini na porodno izkušnjo, (2) opis porodne izkušnje v resničnosti takratnega časa, (3) podporna vloga ožje in širše skupnosti v obporodni oskrbi in (4) determinacija zdravstvenega statusa skozi družbeni status. Pri porodnem dogodku doma so sodelovale babice in bližnje sorodnice, medtem ko so porodni dogodek v bolnišnici oblikovali zdravstveni delavci. Lajšanje porodne bolečine ni bilo v ospredju. Porod je potekal v hrbtnem položaju. Informacije o rojevanju so se prenašale od ene do druge ženske. Prva porodna izkušnja je prelomna za doživljanje poroda. Diskusija in zaključek: Porod in obporodno dogajanje sta v tistem času in prostoru v večji meri izpolnila pričakovanja žensk kljub nekaterim socialnim dejavnikom in pomanjkanju materialnih dobrin, ki jih v današnjem času prepoznavamo kot neobhodne.

Uvod: Za uspešno, samozavestno in učinkovito spoprijemanje s spremenjenimi vlogami in zagotavljanje ustrezne pomoči prizadetim morajo biti tudi medicinske sestre v času izrednih razmer ustrezno usposobljene in pripravljene. Namen raziskave je bil prevesti in prilagoditi merski instrument Lestvica profesionalnih kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah (LPKMS-IR) ter oceniti njegove psihometrične lastnosti. Metode: Uporabljen je bil kvantitativni metodološki raziskovalni dizajn. Lestvica je bila testirana na priložnostnem vzorcu 118 medicinskih sester. V trifaznem procesu prilagoditve in validacije se je poleg vsebinske skladnosti preverjalo notranjo konsistentnost, stabilnost in povezanost spremenljivk ter faktorsko strukturo. Rezultati: Faktorska analiza je podala model s tremi faktorji, pri čemer prvi faktor Temeljne kompetence medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah pojasni 36,53 % celotne variance. Rezultati kažejo tudi zelo visoko povezanost med faktorji (p < 0,001) in stopnjo zanesljivosti pri celotni lestvici LPKMS-IR (Cronbach α = 0,937). Diskusija in zaključek: Rezultati potrjujejo, da je slovenska različica lestvice LPKMS-IR veljaven in zanesljiv merski instrument. Ob pomanjkanju ustreznih merskih instrumentov omogoča identifikacijo kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah ter nekatere okoliščine njihovih vlog. Ugotovitve nakazujejo tudi potrebo po nekaterih spremembah izobraževanja za zdravstveno nego in ciljanem raziskovanju tistih skupin v zdravstveni negi, ki se po pričakovanjih pogosteje srečujejo z izrednimi situacijami.

Uvod: Nosečnost in porod sta naravna dogodka, čeprav ju danes – ob upoštevanju dejstva, da živimo v »družbi tveganja« – opredeljujemo skozi prizmo patologije in potencialnih nevarnosti. Cilj raziskave je bil razumeti izkušnje in doživljanja žensk, povezana z rojevanjem v porodnišnicah skozi prevladujoče porodne prakse, ki so po prepričanju žensk pomembno krojile njihovo porodno izkušnjo. Metode: Uporabljena je bila sekundarna analiza kvalitativnih podatkov. Primarni podatki so bili zbrani leta 2014 v okviru raziskave Medikalizacija nosečnosti in poroda kot družbena konstrukcija z narativno metodo. V vzorec sekundarne analize je bilo vključenih 18 transkriptov intervjujev z ženskami, ki so rodile v porodnišnici. Analiza kvalitativnih podatkov je bila izvedena s pomočjo računalniškega programa NVivo, verzija 12. Rezultati: V analizi so bile identificirane tri teme: (1) pomembnost podpore zdravstvenega osebja in avtonomija odločanja; (2) sprememba fokusa v dojemanju carskega reza kot naravnega načina rojevanja; (3) rutinizacija in tehnifikacija porodnih praks. Diskusija in zaključek: Rojevanje tako danes kot nekoč usmerjajo negativne in pozitivne porodne izkušnje. Poznati je treba oboje. Za ženske je prva porodna izkušnja poučna in obenem določujoča, saj na njeni podlagi presojajo prihodnje porodne izkušnje. Podpora zdravstvenega osebja ter avtonomija odločanja sta ključni za pozitivno porodno izkušnjo. K temu bi lahko v prihodnje pomembno prispevale tudi spremembe nekaterih utečenih porodnih praks, ki bi morale hitreje slediti praksi, utemeljeni z dokazi.

Uvod: Zdravstveno osebje ima velik vpliv na doživljanje staršev ob rojstvu nedonošenega otroka. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti in predstaviti doživljanje mater ob rojstvu nedonošenega otroka. Metode: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna fenomenološka analiza. Na namenskem vzorcu enajstih mater, ki so imele izkušnjo rojstva nedonošenega otroka, rojenega med 24. in 35. tednom gestacije, so bili izvedeni delno strukturirani intervjuji. Najmlajša intervjuvanka je bila ob porodu stara 24 let in najstarejša 36. Za osem izmed njih je bil porod nedonošenega otroka prvi porod. Raziskava je potekala med majem in junijem 2017. Podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo Giorgijevega pristopa, značilnega za fenomenološko raziskavo. Rezultati: Strukturo opisa sestavljajo štiri tematske skupine, ki opredeljujejo doživljanje mater ob rojstvu nedonošenega otroka: (1) potek poroda: želje in pričakovanja; (2) reprezentacijo materinstva: čustvovanje, navezanost, empatijo, spomine; (3) čustvovanje in skrb za nedonošenega otroka v poporodnem obdobju ter (4) (ne)profesionalnost zdravstvenih delavcev. Diskusija in zaključek: Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da je večina mater iskala vzroke prezgodnjega poroda. Veliko jim je pomenila podpora svojcev, zdravstvenih delavcev ter »sotrpink« z oddelka. Večina mater se je med porodom in hospitalizacijo soočala z negativnimi občutki; empatičen odnos zaposlenih jih je spodbujal in navdajal z upanjem ter zaupanjem.

Nurses, midwives and other healthcare professionals are increasingly challenged by the complex changes generated by the dynamic cultural diversity of the present times. The roots of these changes lie in the worldwide globalisation processes and some societal circumstances, which led to great waves of migration, especially noticeable in the last decade.

Introduction: Satisfaction is a complex concept, which we often come across when evaluating the childbirth experience. The purpose of the research was to find out the childbirth experiences of women in Slovenia with regard to their level of satisfaction with the provided perinatal care. Methods: The Slovenian version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale – Revised was used in a non-experimental quantitative descriptive research (Cronbach α = 0.81). The data were collected through an online questionnaire in February 2017. Convenience sampling was used and 301 women, who gave birth in 2016 in Slovenia, participated. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the study have shown that the number of births (U = 6802, p = 0.150), education (U = 7493, p = 0.317), age (U = 5142, p = 0.061) and presence of birth partner (U = 2841, p = 0.730) are not statistically significantly correlated with the assessment of childbirth satisfaction. A lower level of satisfaction was also found in cases of caesarean sections of primiparous, in comparison with multiparous, women (U = 430, p = 0.001). A statistically significant difference was established in the correlation between satisfaction and respondents' residential environment (U = 7029, p = 0.039), professional communication, and level of anxiousness of birthing mothers (rs = 0.397, p = 0,000). Discussion and conclusion: The results have shown that healthcare professionals who are present in childbirth are the key factor in contributing to a positive birth experience. The obtained results open up an opportunity for further research on the communication and attitude of health professionals towards birthing mothers.

Introduction: The phenomenon of contraception, its prevalence and its implication for women's emancipation is influenced by a number of social factors, including the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of contraception through the eyes, knowledge, experience and perception of women living in rural areas. Methods: The phenomenological approach was used within the framework of qualitative methodology. The purposive sample included eight women aged 20 to 50 years, living in the rural areas of western Slovenia. The research was conducted in April and May 2015. The data obtained through semi-structured interviews were analysed using the method of phenomenological text analysis. Results: The analysis yielded four thematic groups which conceptualize the studied phenomenon: (1) the factors affecting the choice and use of a contraceptive method and its acceptance, (2) the importance of contraception for women, (3) the education and acquisition of adequate contraceptive knowledge, (4) the women's social status. Discussion and conclusion: Results of the research indicate that contraception is an important dimension of women's quality of life and their social status. The acceptance of contraception and the selection of a contraceptive method are influenced by a number of social factors and guided by various support systems. The knowledge of these factors enables nurses to systematically plan and deliver health education. Further research of the phenomenon could be conducted also among urban female population.

Uvod: Porodi zunaj porodnišnice so v Sloveniji redkost. Nekaj teh porodov se zgodi tudi v Zgornjem Posočju, ki je posebno zaradi svojega geografskega položaja in časovne oddaljenosti do najbližje porodnišnice. Cilj raziskave je bil pridobiti poglobljen vpogled v doživljajski svet porodnic, ki so nenačrtovan porod zunaj porodnišnice izkusile, in zaznati oceno kakovosti ponujene obporodne skrbi skozi občuteno zadovoljstvo. Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na kvalitativni metodologiji. V namenski vzorec je bilo vključenih 10 porodnic, ki so rodile med letoma 2004 in 2014. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo delno strukturiranih intervjujev v juniju 2014 in analizirani z metodo analize besedila. Rezultati: Z metodo analize besedila je bilo identificiranih pet tem, in sicer (1) proces rojevanja – rituali, prakse in doživljanja, (2) podoživljanje poroda, (3) v žensko osredotočena skrb, (4) zaznana stopnja zadovoljstva z institucionalno obravnavo in (5) zaznavanje poroda med nosečnostjo – želje in pričakovanja. Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovitve nakazujejo, da so med porodom v ospredju ljudje, ki so ob porodnici, in njihov odnos do nje. Čeprav se porodnice takrat morda res ne zavedajo vseh morebitnih tveganj, se tega zavedajo zdravstveni delavci ob njej. Vključene v raziskavo so svojo porodno izkušnjo izkusile kot pozitivno in obenem izrazile zadovoljstvo do obporodne zdravstvene oskrbe. Nadaljnje raziskovanje bi moralo vključevati vidik zdravstvenih delavcev.

Introduction: Gynaecological examination is crucial for protecting the reproductive health of women. The purpose of the study was to explore the perception of women towards gynaecological examination, the importance of some demographic characteristics and the role of a nurse. Methods: A quantitative methodology was used for study purposes. A structured web questionnaire was applied on a non-random, convenience sample of women (n = 476). The questionnaire was published on the most popular Slovenian web forums. Prior to the main research project, a pilot study was conducted on a sample of 10 women. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: Results of the study show a statistically significant correlation between the respondents' residential environment (t = -2.436, p = 0.015), the level of educational attainment (rs=-0.153, p = 0.001) and the presence of discomfort and fear before the gynaecological examination. The role of a nurse in reducing the level of discomfort and fear before (t = -0.931, p = 0.352) and during (t = -0.888, p = 0.375) the gynaecological examination was not proven statistically significant. Discussion and conclusions: Besides the demographic characteristics, a number of personal and societal factors influence women's attitudes towards gynaecological examination and the associated discomfort and fear. The study suggests that further qualitative studies are needed to gain a deeper understanding of how women experience a pelvic examination.