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Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is a material from the calcium phosphate group with a crystal structure similar to hydroxyapatite. The removal process of lead and cadmium in aqueous solution using octacalcium phosphate material was investigated. OCP material was synthesized by the solution precipitation method. The structural and phase properties of OCP before and after the removal process were determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Microstructural and semi-quantitative analysis of the material was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Characteristic bands and functional group determination were revealed using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR). As target pollutants, Cd(II) and Pb(II) were chosen in adsorption experiments. Results show that OCP in the first 10 min has a very fast removal rate for Pb(II); the equilibrium state was reached after 10 min with more than 98 % adsorption efficiency. Results for Cd(II), results showed the same removal rate but somewhat lower adsorption efficiency, amounted to approximately 63 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the properties of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials, which were synthesized from an aluminosilicate inorganic matrix with the addition of brushite and aminosilane grafted on one side and PEI covalently bonded composites on the other side, were examined. The synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid polymers were examined in terms of a structural, morphological, thermo-gravimetric, and adsorption-desorption analysis and also as potential CO2 capturers. The structural and phase properties as well as the percentage contents of the crystalline and amorphous phase were determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The higher content of the amorphous phase in the structure of hybrid polymers was proven in metakaolin and metakaolin-brushite hybrid samples with the addition of amino silane and with 1,000,000 PEI in a structure. The DRIFT method showed the main band changes with the addition of an organic phase and inorganic matrix. Microstructural studies with the EDS analysis showed a uniform distribution of organic and inorganic phases in the hybrid geopolymers. The thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that organic compounds are successfully bonded to inorganic polymer matrix, while adsorption-desorption analysis confirmed that the organic phase completely covered the surface of the inorganic matrix. The CO2 adsorption experiments showed that the amine-modified composites have the higher capture capacity, which is 0.685 mmol·g−1 for the GM10 sample and 0.581 mmol·g−1 for the BGM10 sample, with 1,000,000 PEI in the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential comprehensive solutions in order to protect environment is the synthesis of alternative mineral binders such as belite-sulfoaluminate cement clinkers, which are considered as energy and carbon reducing, allowing the substitution of natural raw materials with secondary ones. In this study, three different samples of fly ash (FA) from "Nikola Tesla" Thermal power plant (Serbia) were used in clinker synthesis with the targeted phase composition of 65 wt.% belite, 20 wt.% calcium sulfoaluminate and 5 wt.% ferrite. Fly ashes and cement clinkers were investigated in terms of physical–chemical, mineralogical and also radiological characterization. Results showed that incorporation of fly ash in raw mixture resulted in achieving the targeted phase composition of cement clinkers with satisfactory radiological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential re-use of red mud in the building and construction industry has been the subject of research of many scientists. The presented research is a contribution to the potential solution of this environmental issue through the synthesis of potential construction materials based on red mud. A promising way of recycling these secondary raw materials is the synthesis of alkali-activated binders or alkali activated materials. Alkali-activated materials or inorganic binders based on red mud are a new class of materials obtained by activation of inorganic precursors mainly constituted by silica, alumina and low content of calcium oxide. Since red mud contains radioactive elements like 226Ra and 232Th, this may be a problem for its further utilization. The content of naturally occurring radionuclides in manufactured material products with potential application in the building and construction industry is important from the standpoint of radiation protection. Gamma radiation of the primordial radionuclides, 40K and members of the uranium and thorium series, increases the external gamma dose rate. However, more and more precedence is being given to limiting the radiological dose originating from building materials on the population these days. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible influence of alkali activation-polymerization processes on the natural radioactivity of alkali activated materials synthesized by red mud (BOKSIT a. d. Milići, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their structural properties. This research confirmed that during the polymerization process the natural radioactivity was reduced, and that the process of alkali activation of raw materials has an influence on natural radioactivity of synthesized materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoemulsion technique was applied for synthesis of carbonated strontium hydroxyapatite (CSrHAp) at room temperature. X-ray powder diffraction analysis accompanied with Rietveld refinement reviled that synthesized powder were single-phase hydroxyapatite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the CSrHAp was A-type substitution. The carbonate amount substituting the hydroxide group in the synthesized apatite was estimated, from the corresponding CO 2 weight loss in the range 600–1100 °C. According to this empirical formula of as synthesized CHAp is Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 0.60 (CO 3 ) 0.70 . These results were confirmed by the Rietveld refinement analysis. Using scanning electron microscopy analysis it was found that the synthesized CSrHAp particles were spherical in shape and that their sizes were in the nanometer range. Nanoemulsion strategy procedure provides a simple pathway to obtain single-phase CSrHAp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of an intense absorption of visible light and p-type semiconducting nature makes spinel cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4) a very attractive material for various optoelectronic applications. However, the traditional methods for its synthesis have been either time- and energy-consuming or relying on toxic chemicals. To solve this issue, a simple, facile, and eco-friendly method of synthesis was successfully developed to obtain spinel Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The novel method for obtaining pure and monophasic Co 3 O 4 reported here is based on the thermal decomposition of hexaaquacobalt(II) D-camphor10-sulfonate at 900 °C. This fast solid-state synthesis route overcomes the disadvantages of many combustion methods, most critically by avoiding the use of toxic organic solvents. The synthesized material was subjected to a detailed characterization to assess its potential for use as a nanocatalyst. The band gap measurements indicated the presence of two band gaps, one at 2.10 eV and another at 1.22 eV, confirming the purity and semiconducting properties of the sample. The electrochemical studies demonstrated a significant enhancement in the electron transfer kinetics with the addition of the synthesized Co 3 O 4 to the carbon-paste electrode, leading to an enhanced electrocatalytic performance. These prominent functional properties, suitable for a wide range of technological applications, pave way for the implementation of the reported method for the synthesis of Co 3 O 4 on a larger industrial scale. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of spinel structure and sintering temperature on the functional properties of BaTiO3/NixZn1−xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1), NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were in situ prepared by thermal decomposition onto BaTiO3 surface from acetylacetonate precursors. As-prepared powders were additionally sintered at 1150 °C and 1300 °C. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for the detailed examination of phase composition and morphology. The magnetic, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties were investigated. The optimal phase composition in the BaTiO3/NiFe2O4 composite, sintered at 1150 °C, resulted in a wide frequency range stability. Additionally, particular phase composition indicates favorable properties such as low conductivity and ideal-like hysteresis loop behavior. The favorable properties of BaTiO3/NiFe2O4 make this particular composite an ideal material choice for further studies on applications of multi-ferroic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium titanate ceramics were prepared by reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1200 °C for 5 min. Prior to sintering, MgO and TiO 2 powders were mixed by high energy ball milling (HEBM) for 15, 30, or 60 min. The effect of milling time on phase composition was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for milled powders and sintered specimens. The morphology of the sintered ceramics was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while elemental distribution was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The presence of the MgTi 2 O 5 phase was detected in XRD and was confirmed by EDS analysis. Microcracking was observed for specimens prepared with longer milling times and attributed to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch dominantly due to the anisotropic crystal structure of MgTiO 3 phase. The sample milled for 15 min showed the highest Vickers hardness due to less or no microcracking and nearly full density. The dielectric measurements in the range of 10 Hz–250 MHz demonstrated extremely high dielectric permittivity, as high as 104 at 1 kHz. An increase in loss tangents was observed due to oxygen vacancy formation, which was promoted by the vacuum environment during SPS. Oxygen vacancy-related dielectric relaxation was also detected and explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Phase and morphological analysis of urinary stones was done. • XRPD results show phase composition of all samples. • SEM results shows crystal growth and formation of selected samples. • Importance of using analytical techniques to examine materials that may also contribute to medical research. In this paper we present the phase and morphological characteristics of urinary stones from Serbian patients. The study included for the first time the determination of the phase composition and a statistical analysis of the presence of different types of urinary stones in both men and women in Serbia. The main goal of study was representation of collected data for the first time. For past three years, more than 600 samples were collected from Serbian patients. The phase composition of all samples of urinary stones was investigated using XRD analysis. Morphology and chemical composition of phases in some characteristic samples was determinate by the SEM-EDS analysis. Results indicate that there are several different types of urinary stones that vary in mineral composition, chemistry and morphology. It was found that 312 (52%) of the 600 stones were composed of calcium oxalate minerals (CaOx): 17.3% of which were pure calcium oxalate monohydrate COM, 4% were pure calcium oxalate dihydrate COD; 200 (33.3%) were a mixture of CaOx and Hydroxyapatite HA, 19 (3.1%) were uric acid (uricite) UA and uric acid dihydrate UAD, 17 (2.8%) were a combination of UA and CaOx minerals, 41 (6.8%) were combination of CaP minerals and CaOx, 11 (1.9%) were cystine (Cy) stones. The obtained data shows the diversity of types of urinary stones. Morphological, chemical and XRPD analysis give us statistical data which shows that the most common urinary stones from Serbian patients are from CaOx group and in most of cases are associated with CaP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure polysaccharide biopolymer that can be produced by various bacterial genera. Even though BC lacks functional properties, its porosity, three-dimensional network, and high specific surface area make it a suitable carrier for functional composite materials. In the present study, BC-producing bacteria were isolated from kombucha beverage and identified using a molecular method. Two sets of the BC hydrogels were produced in static conditions after four and seven days. Afterwards, two different synthesis pathways were applied for BC functionalization. The first method implied the incorporation of previously synthesized HAp/TiO2 nanocomposite using an immersion technique, while the second method included the functionalization of BC during the synthesis of HAp/TiO2 nanocomposite in the reaction mixture. The primary goal was to find the best method to obtain the functionalized material. Physicochemical and microstructural properties were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD methods. Further properties were examined by tensile test and thermogravimetric analysis, and antimicrobial activity was assessed by a total plate count assay. The results showed that HAp/TiO2 was successfully incorporated into the produced BC hydrogels using both methods. The applied methods of incorporation influenced the differences in morphology, phase distribution, mechanical and thermal properties, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 12453), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Composite material can be recommended for further development and application in environments that are suitable for diseases spreading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zirconium carbide ceramics were prepared by carbothermal reduction of ZrO 2 and C that were mixed by high-energy ball milling. Powders were milled for times from 0 to 120 min in air. As milling time increased, the surface area of the powders increased, indicating significant particle size reduction. Milled powders were reacted at 1600 °C and then densified by spark plasma sintering at 2000 °C, which was sufficient to convert the starting powders to zirconium carbide. Unmilled powders did not reach full density. Milled powders reached full density, but ZrO 2 impurities were found for specimens prepared from powders milled for 60 and 120 min. Microstructure analysis showed that grain size was less than 2 µm for ceramics produced from powder milled for 15 min. Based on densification onset temperature and impurity levels, a milling time of 15 min gives the best balance of particle size reduction to promote densification while minimizing impurity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal of this work is to establish technical feasibility and fundamentals of producing activated carbon from plane tree seeds biomass for porous materials derivation. Bio-chars produced via carbonization from plane tree seeds precursor were activated in CO2 at 750 and 850 °C, during various residence times. Their surface area and porosity were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K. Surface areas energy magnitudes of oxidation reaction by CO2, which are closely related to applied activation temperature. Result showed that high temperature activated carbon had higher gas adsorption as compared to activated carbon obtained from lower temperature during two-hour residence time. Breakthrough behavior was detected at 850 °C where surface reactions dominate, and it is characterized by autocatalytic kinetic model under designed conditions. Both, temperature and CO2 concentration in vicinity of solid surface effect on breakthrough time of adsorbent. Derived bio-chars are converted into high quality activated carbons, with surface area of 776.55 m²/g, where micro-pores with pore diameters less than 2 nm prevail. Produced activated carbons have properties comparable with commercially available activated carbons, which can be successfully used for removal of harmful gaseous pollutants toward air purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the search for environmentally friendly materials with a wide range of properties, polymer composites have emerged as a promising alternative due to their multifunctional properties. This study focuses on the synthesis of composite materials consisting of four components: bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) modified with magnetic Fe3O4, and a mixture of BaTiO3 (BT) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The BT powder was mechanically activated prior to mixing with PVDF. The influence of BT mechanical activation and BNC with magnetic particles on the PVDF matrix was investigated. The obtained composite films' structural characteristics, morphology, and dielectric properties are presented. This research provides insights into the relationship between mechanical activation of the filler and structural and dielectric properties in the PVDF/BT/BNC/Fe3O4 system, creating the way for the development of materials with a wide range of diverse properties that support the concept of green technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metals and metal oxides have subpar antibacterial activities compared to those of small-molecule antibiotics, yet there are hopes that with proper compositional and structural adjustments this gap might be bridged. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles were mechanically activated and combined with particulate silver through simple reduction process elicited by UV irradiation and assisted with the ultrasound. The resulting powders in various combinations (Ag vs. no Ag, activated vs. non-activated) were characterized using a range of experimental techniques and assessed for their antibacterial activities. The preparation procedure presented in this work prevails over the disadvantages of many chemical routes, most critically by avoiding the use of toxic substances. The mechanical activation did not reduce the particle size or crystallinity of TiO 2 nor did it consistently alter the bandgap, yet it enabled the doubling of the amount of silver incorporable into the material. Further, while both mechanical activation and the addition of silver in the amount not exceeding 0.5 wt% produced barely detectable structural changes in the material, they both augmented its antibacterial activity. The precursor TiO 2 powder produced no inhibition zone against any of the four bacterial species tested, while the mechanical activation of TiO 2 led to the formation of distinct inhibition zones against each of the four bacterial species tested. The addition of silver to activated TiO 2 further widened the inhibition zones and it also imparted the antibacterial activity to non-activated TiO 2. The boost in the antibacterial activity achieved by the short mechanical activation was of a similar magnitude as the boost obtained after the addition of silver. The antibacterial activity was not different for different species when no silver was added to the system. However, with the addition of silver, species selectivity was obtained, as the composites were more effective against the two Gram-negative species (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) than against the two Gram-positive ones (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The antibacterial activity increased with the addition of silver in the broth assay, but it was mediocre compared to that detected in the agar assay, attesting to the poor dispersability of the powders and their best performance when the bacterial cells migrate to the composite surface than vice versa. The findings of this study give hope that with appropriate microstructural or compositional alterations, the antibacterial activity of metal oxide powders and inorganic materials in general can be made comparable to that of small-molecule antibiotics. [Display omitted] • The mechanical activation of TiO 2 as an prerequisite for antibacterial activity • Ag distribution over TiO 2 surface by ultrasonically-assisted chemical precipitation • Homogeneous Ag deposition onto TiO 2 at a low net concentration • The mechanical activation doubled the amount of Ag incorporable into TiO 2 • The mechanical activation and addition of Ag augmented TiO 2 antibacterial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented study deals with the final structure and radiological properties of different fly-ash based geopolymers. Lignite fly-ash (lignite Kolubara - Serbia) and wood fly ash were obtained in combustion process together with commercial fly-ash. Synthesis of the geopolymers was conducted by mixing fly-ash, sodium silicate solution, NaOH and water. The samples were strengthened 60 °C for 48 hours after staying at room temperature in covering mold for 24 hours. The X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and SAM measurements were conducted on the samples after 28 days of geopolymerization process. The X-ray diffraction measurements of lignite fly-ash samples show anhydrite as the main constituent, while wood fly-ash samples consist of calcite, albite and gypsum minerals. Besides determination of physicochemical properties, the aim of this study was radiological characterization of lignite fly-ash, wood fly-ash and the obtained geopolymer products. Activity concentration of 40K and radionuclides from the 23SXJ and 232Th decay series, in ash samples and fly-ash based geopolymers, were determined by means of gamma-ray spectrometry, and the absorbed dose rate, D, and the annual effective dose rate, E, were calculated in accordance with the UNSCEAR 2000 report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this study was the evaluation of physical–chemical, as well as radiological properties of residual materials used for geopolymer synthesis and those final products as a possible application as new materials in a civil engineering industry. Concentration of 40K and radionuclides from the 238U and 232Th decay series in waste precursors, their metaphases and geopolymer samples synthetized by alkali activation were determined together with corresponding absorbed dose rate ( D ˙ ) and the annual effective dose rate. Natural activity concentrations in the alkali-activated material (geopolymer) were found to be lower than that of both residual materials and calcined ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the guiding “3R” principle of sustainable development (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), the potential applicability concerning various components of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) was investigated for radionuclide sorption (Sr, Co, Ni). Collected samples of waste concrete, facade, bricks and asphalt were characterized in respect to mineralogical and surface composition, pH and radioactivity, while their sorption capacities were determined in batch conditions. Selectivity of potential sorbents differed in respect to Co 2+ and Ni 2+ ions, whereas sorption of Sr 2+ was generally low. Concrete and facade have demonstrated both: the highest sorption capacities and the strongest interaction with the investigated cations, as revealed by sequential extraction analysis of loaded sorbents. Taking into account chemical compatibility with mixtures, commonly used for the solidification of radioactive waste, and expressed high affinity for studied cations, waste cement materials and debris are promising matrices for radionuclide immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multiparticulate units were successfully fabricated by selective laser sintering. • SeDeM Expert System was applied in multiparticulate units processability evaluation. • Samples exhibited high flowability, which is suitable for filling into capsules/sachets. • MA-EA and EC compacts exhibited high tensile strength, favorable for compression. 3D printing in dosage forms fabrication is in the focus of researchers, however, the attempts in multiparticulate units (MPUs) preparation are scarce. The aim of this study was to fabricate different size MPUs by selective laser sintering (SLS), using different polymers, and investigate their processability based on the SeDeM Expert System approach. MPUs (1- or 2-mm size) were prepared with model drug (ibuprofen or caffeine), polymer (poly(ethylene)oxide (PEO), ethyl cellulose (EC) or methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (MA-EA)) and printing aid. Comprehensive sample characterization was performed and experimentally obtained parameters were mathematically transformed and evaluated using the SeDeM Expert System framework. The obtained samples exhibited irregular shape, despite the spherical printing object design. Polymer incorporated notably affected MPUs properties. The obtained samples exhibited low bulk density, good flowability-, as well as stability-related parameters, which indicated their suitability for filling into capsules or sachets. Low density values implied that compressibility enhancing excipients may be required for MPUs incorporation in tablets. Samples containing EC and MA-EA were found suitable for compression, due to high compacts tensile strength. The obtained results indicate that SeDeM Expert System may extended from powder compressibility evaluation tool to framework facilitating powders/multiparticulate units processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multiparticulate units were successfully fabricated by selective laser sintering. • SeDeM Expert System was applied in multiparticulate units processability evaluation. • Samples exhibited high flowability, which is suitable for filling into capsules/sachets. • MA-EA and EC compacts exhibited high tensile strength, favorable for compression. 3D printing in dosage forms fabrication is in the focus of researchers, however, the attempts in multiparticulate units (MPUs) preparation are scarce. The aim of this study was to fabricate different size MPUs by selective laser sintering (SLS), using different polymers, and investigate their processability based on the SeDeM Expert System approach. MPUs (1- or 2-mm size) were prepared with model drug (ibuprofen or caffeine), polymer (poly(ethylene)oxide (PEO), ethyl cellulose (EC) or methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer (MA-EA)) and printing aid. Comprehensive sample characterization was performed and experimentally obtained parameters were mathematically transformed and evaluated using the SeDeM Expert System framework. The obtained samples exhibited irregular shape, despite the spherical printing object design. Polymer incorporated notably affected MPUs properties. The obtained samples exhibited low bulk density, good flowability-, as well as stability-related parameters, which indicated their suitability for filling into capsules or sachets. Low density values implied that compressibility enhancing excipients may be required for MPUs incorporation in tablets. Samples containing EC and MA-EA were found suitable for compression, due to high compacts tensile strength. The obtained results indicate that SeDeM Expert System may extended from powder compressibility evaluation tool to framework facilitating powders/multiparticulate units processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Water granulated liquisolid systems enable higher liquid load. • Pellets with up to 52% liquid phase exhibit excellent flowability (Carr index < 11%). • Liquisolid admixtures drug dissolution was faster and favorable to pellets. • Single pellet crushing test results may be used as indentation hardness predictor. • SeDeM Expert System provides useful insight into liquisolid system processability. Liquisolid systems are emerging formulation approach for poorly soluble drugs, based on adsorption/absorption of drug dispersion and obtaining free-flowing powder with good compressibility. SeDeM Expert System represents a powder processability evaluation method. It may provide additional insight into liquisolid systems critical quality attributes, but the contribution of this approach remains to be explored. The aims of this study were: pellet preparation by combination of liquisolid technology and water granulation/extrusion, evaluation of liquisolid based systems (pellets/admixtures) and investigation into the applicability of SeDeM Expert System in liquisolid systems characterization. Pellets/admixtures were prepared with microcrystalline cellulose as carrier and crospovidone/silicon dioxide as coating agent. Ibuprofen solution in polyethylene glycol 400 was used as liquid phase. After comprehensive sample characterization, experimentally obtained parameters were mathematically transformed and evaluated in the SeDeM Expert System framework. Pellets exhibited low aspect ratio and excellent flowability, despite liquid load up to 52.2%. The investigated liquisolid admixtures exhibited good flowability and faster drug dissolution than pellets. Single pellet crushing test results exhibited strong correlation with compact indentation hardness and may be used as indentation hardness predictor. SeDeM Expert System provides useful insight into liquisolid system processability and comparative evaluation and it may facilitate final solid dosage form development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a material for application in the life sciences, a new composite material, geopolymer/CeO2 (GP_CeO2), was synthesized as a potential low-cost solid electrolyte for application in solid oxide fuel cells operating in intermediate temperature (IT-SOFC). The new materials were obtained from alkali-activated metakaolin (calcined clay) in the presence of CeO2 powders (x = 10%). Besides the commercial CeO2 powder, as a source of ceria, two differently synthesized CeO2 powders also were used: CeO2 synthesized by modified glycine nitrate procedure (MGNP) and self-propagating reaction at room temperature (SPRT). The structural, morphological, and electrical properties of pure and GP_CeO2-type samples were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), BET, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and method complex impedance (EIS). XRPD and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis confirmed the formation of solid phase CeO2. The BET, DTA/TGA, FE-SEM, and EDS results indicated that particles of CeO2 were stabile interconnected and form a continuous conductive path, which was confirmed by the EIS method. The highest conductivity of 1.86 × 10−2 Ω−1 cm−1 was obtained for the sample GP_CeO2_MGNP at 700 °C. The corresponding value of activation energy for conductivity was 0.26 eV in the temperature range 500–700 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]