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One of the important and conserved microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-7-5p, is involved in several pathological mechanisms, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and metastasis. Dysregulation of this miRNA’s expression is correlated with multiple diseases, especially cancer. Its role as a tumor suppressor has been demonstrated in various types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma. Furthermore, several studies have highlighted the prognostic and diagnostic value of this miRNA, which could be valuable for the diagnosis and treatment of certain disorders. We present an overview of the latest findings regarding miR-7-5p’s role in the development of cancer, its action mechanisms, and expression, based on in vivo, in vitro, and human research. Additionally, we discuss the function of miR-7-5p as a prognostic biomarker in cancer and explore its potential as a therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a finite group G , let Δ (G) be the character-graph which is built on the set of irreducible complex character degrees of G. In this paper, we wish to determine the structure of finite groups G such that Δ (G) is 1 -connected with nonbipartite complement. Also, we classify all 1 -connected graphs with nonbipartite complement that can occur as the character-graph Δ (G) of a finite group G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The exact molecular and cellular processes that cause benign urological diseases in the stromal and epithelial components of the urinary tract are yet unknown. Reviewing and analyzing the data linking microRNAs (miRNAs) expression in the pathophysiology of benign urological conditions, including overactive bladder (OAB), bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), and Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is the objective of the current systematic review. Materials and Methods: Evidence including all case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies that measure participants’ MicroRNA as a biomarker for benign urological diseases has been gathered in January 2024, through searching MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest databases. Studies considered eligible that present information on the reference Gene, profile type, and serum levels of microRNA from patients diagnosed with benign urological disease including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or benign prostate enlargement (BPE), overactive bladder (OAB), and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). These studies were appraised by the quality assessment checklist of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 4,587 records related to miRNAs in urological diseases were retrieved. Of these, we identified 28 records for our systematic study. The most frequently associated miRNA was 92a-3p identified which was found upregulated in OAB diagnosis. In BOO, miR-146a-5p was identified to be upregulated. miR-146a-5p was upregulated in BO, and for other benign conditions, different miRNAs were reported. 491-5p miRNAs were found deregulated in OAB-related studies. We expected other miRNAs to have the same trend in the OAB studies. InSUI miR-93 was the most frequent downregulated miRNA. The other reported miRNAs had similar frequencies. Conclusion: When it comes to the early detection and treatment of benign urological conditions, 92a-3p, miR-21, miR-199a-5p, and miR-146a-5p, and 491-5p have the potential to be employed as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. The creation of pre-RNA or anti-RNA molecules within carrier vehicles that may be safely administered to patients should be made possible by technological advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The exact molecular and cellular processes that cause benign urological diseases in the stromal and epithelial components of the urinary tract are yet unknown. Reviewing and analyzing the data linking microRNAs (miRNAs) expression in the pathophysiology of benign urological conditions, including overactive bladder (OAB), bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), and Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is the objective of the current systematic review. Materials and Methods: Evidence including all case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies that measure participants' MicroRNA as a biomarker for benign urological diseases has been gathered On January 2024, through searching MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest databases. Studies considered eligible that present information on the reference Gene, profile type, and serum levels of microRNA from patients diagnosed with benign urological disease including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or benign prostate enlargement (BPE), overactive bladder (OAB), and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). These studies appraised by the quality assessment checklist of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 4,587 records related to miRNAs in urological diseases were retrieved. Of these, we identified 28 records for our systematic study. The most frequently associated miRNA was 92a-3p identified which was found upregulated in OAB diagnosis. In BOO, miR-146a-5p was identified to be upregulated. miR-146a-5p was upregulated in BO, and for other benign conditions, different miRNAs were reported. 491-5p miRNAs were found deregulated in OAB-related studies. We expected other miRNAs to have the same trend in the OAB studies. InSUI miR-93 was the most frequent downregulated miRNA. The other reported miRNAs had similar frequencies. Conclusion: When it comes to the early detection and treatment of benign urological conditions, 92a-3p, miR-21, miR-199a-5p, and miR-146a-5p, and 491-5p have the potential to be employed as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. The creation of pre-RNA or anti-RNA molecules within carrier vehicles that may be safely administered to patients should be made possible by technological advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), in conjunction with PD-1 and CD28, plays a pivotal role in the modulation of T-cell activation. Specifically, CTLA-4 exerts its influence by impeding the generation of IL-2 and the proliferation of T cells. CTLA-4, being a receptor with a high affinity, engages in competitive binding with CD28 for the interaction with primary T-cell activator molecules, specifically CD80 and CD86. The appropriate functioning of T-cell activation is contingent upon maintaining a precise equilibrium between CTLA-4 and CD28. Consequently, any disruption in the expression of CTLA-4 significantly enhances the risk for a range of severe ailments, such as cancer, infectious diseases, allergies, and notably autoimmune diseases. The significance of epigenetic regulation of CTLA-4, particularly through non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), has considerable weight within this particular framework. To date, there have been associations shown between various abnormalities in the expression of ncRNAs that regulate CTLA-4 and clinicopathological characteristics. Nevertheless, it is evident that there is a lack of a comprehensive investigation. Hence, the present work was undertaken to summarize the existing research on the epigenetic control of CTLA-4, with a primary emphasis on elucidating the regulatory procedures, biological processes, and clinical applications in human diseases. The objective of this review is to acquire a thorough comprehension of the relationship between RNA/lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA (CTLA-4) and its role in the progression of diverse human disorders., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

One of the important and conserved microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-7-5p, is involved in several pathological mechanisms, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and metastasis. Dysregulation of this miRNA's expression is correlated with multiple diseases, especially cancer. Its role as a tumor suppressor has been demonstrated in various types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma. Furthermore, several studies have highlighted the prognostic and diagnostic value of this miRNA, which could be valuable for the diagnosis and treatment of certain disorders. We present an overview of the latest findings regarding miR-7-5p's role in the development of cancer, its action mechanisms, and expression, based on in vivo, in vitro, and human research. Additionally, we discuss the function of miR-7-5p as a prognostic biomarker in cancer and explore its potential as a therapeutic target., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: It is not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)