Search

Bos indicus cattle breeds have been naturally selected for thousands of years for disease resistance and thermo-tolerance. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying these specific inherited characteristics must be elucidated. Hence, in this study, a whole-genome comparative analysis ofthe Bos indicus cattle breeds Kangayam, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, and Hariana of the Indian subcontinent was conducted. Genetic variant identification analysis revealed 155 851 012 SNPs and 10 062 805 InDels in the mapped reads across all Bos indicus cattle breeds. The functional annotation of 17252 genes that comprised both SNPs and InDels, with high functional impact on proteins, was carried out. The functional annotation results revealed the pathways involved in the innate immune response, including toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, Jak-STAT signaling pathways, and non-synonymous variants in the candidate immune genes. We also identified several pathways involved in the heat shock response, hair and skin properties, oxidative stress response, osmotic stress response, thermal sweating, feed intake, metabolism, and non-synonymous variants in the candidate thermo-tolerant genes. These pathways and genes directly or indirectly contribute to the disease resistance and thermo-tolerance adaptations of Bos indicus cattle breeds. Key words: Bos indicus, disease resistance, thermo-tolerance, SNPs, InDels. Les races de bovins appartenant a l'espece Bos indicus ont ete selectionnees naturellement au cours de milliers d'annees pour leur resistance aux maladies et leur tolerance a la chaleur. Cependant, le mecanisme genetique expliquant ces caracteres hereditaires n'a pas encore ete decrit. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont realise une analyse comparee pan-genomique de cinq races du Bos indicus qui sont presentes sur le sous-continent indien (Kangayam, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi et Hariana). Au total, 155 851 012 SNP et 10 062 805 InDels ont ete identifies a partir des lectures alignees parmi les cinq races. Les auteurs ont realise l'annotation fonctionnelle des 17 252 genes qui comprenaient des SNP ou des InDels dont on a predit qu'ils auraient un impact fonctionnel important sur les proteines. Les resultats de l'annotation fonctionnelle ont revele des sentiers impliques dans les reponses immunitaires innees, comme les recepteurs de type Toll, les recepteurs du type de l'acide retinoique, des recepteurs de type NOD, les sentiers de signalisation Jak-STAT et des variants nonsynonymes dans des genes candidats du systeme immunitaire. De plus, les auteurs ont egalement identifie plusieurs sentiers impliques dans la reponse au choc thermique, lies aux caracteristiques des poils et de la peau, a la reponse aux stress oxydatifs, a la reponse au stress osmotique, la sudation, la prise alimentaire, le metabolisme et des variants non-synonymes dans des genes candidats pour le thermo-tolerance. Ces sentiers et genes pourraient contribuer directement ou indirectement a la resistance aux maladies et aux adaptations liees a la thermo-tolerance chez les races bovines de Bos indicus. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: Bosindicus, resistance aux maladies, thermo-tolerance, SNP, InDel., Introduction Bos indicus cattle breeds (Zebu cattle) are characterized by a hump at the withers, pendulous skin in the dewlap and navel, draught ability, fertility at higher temperatures, maintenance of [...]

Extracurricular student-staff partnership activities are increasingly common in higher education institutions, but concerns have been expressed about their relative inclusivity. In order to contribute to understanding of why students do and do not take part in such initiatives, this study draws on data from a survey of students at four institutions, in three different countries, with established extracurricular partnership programs. Though the findings indicate some preliminary differences between participants at the four institutions, they also demonstrate a number of shared perceptions, including similar understandings of key features of partnership and shared perceptions of barriers to participation. Implications for partnership practice and research are discussed.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in natural conditions, has shown a broad host susceptibility range (1). Identifying susceptible animal species, reservoirs, and cross-species transmission is a global scientific [...]

Domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are resistant to most of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections. In this study, we characterized the lung proteome and phosphoproteome of ducks infected with the HPAI H5N1 virus (A/duck/India/02CA10/2011/Agartala) at 12 h, 48 h, and 5 days post-infection. A total of 2082 proteins were differentially expressed and 320 phosphorylation sites mapping to 199 phosphopeptides, corresponding to 129 proteins were identified. The functional annotation of the proteome data analysis revealed the activation of the RIG-I-like receptor and Jak-STAT signaling pathways, which led to the induction of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. The pathway analysis of the phosphoproteome datasets also confirmed the activation of RIG-I, Jak-STAT signaling, NF-kappa B signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways in the lung tissues. The induction of ISG proteins (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5B, STAT6, IFIT5, and PKR) established a protective anti-viral immune response in duck lung tissue. Further, the protein–protein interaction network analysis identified proteins like AKT1, STAT3, JAK2, RAC1, STAT1, PTPN11, RPS27A, NFKB1, and MAPK1 as the main hub proteins that might play important roles in disease progression in ducks. Together, the functional annotation of the proteome and phosphoproteome datasets revealed the molecular basis of the disease progression and disease resistance mechanism in ducks infected with the HPAI H5N1 virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]