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Hexagonal wurtzite Zn1 − x(SiGa)x/2O (x = 0, 0.0156, 0.0234, and 0.0312) with a space group of P63mc was synthesized using the solgel method. Investigations of structural, optoelectronic, and photo-sensing study of these samples were performed. Improved crystallinity of the co-doped samples was observed from structural and vibrational studies. The effect of higher charges Ga3+ and Si4+ on various latent defects of ZnO was studied. A predominantly n-type carrier concentration was noticed in all samples. Enhancement in carrier concentration, mobility, and conductivity was observed in the Ga–Si co-doped samples. In this work, the impact of intrinsic defects on photosensing was also studied. UV (290 nm) and visible lights of different wavelengths, blue (450 nm), green (540 nm), and red (640 nm), were sensed. The sensitivity toward the above-mentioned wavelengths was compared for all the samples. Photocurrent was modified with the illumination wavelengths (290, 450, 540, and 640 nm) and also varied with co-doping. A correlation of structural, defect, and optoelectronic properties was discussed, which revealed improved photo-response currents for UV light and for the blue, green and red lights. It was observed that pure ZnO is more sensitive to UV light. However, higher substitution yields better sensitivity for red light. The same result was found for green and blue light sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of molecularly imprinted polymers has evolved along with state-of-the-art experimental imprinting strategies taking advantage of sophisticated computational tools. In silico methods enable the screening and simulation of innovative polymerization components and conditions superseding conventional formulations. The combined use of quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics, and molecular dynamics strategies allows for macromolecular modelling to study the systematic translation from the pre- to the post-polymerization stage. However, predictive design and high-performance computing to advance MIP development are neither fully explored nor practiced comprehensively on a routine basis to date. In this review, we focus on different steps along the molecular imprinting process and discuss appropriate computational methods that may assist in optimizing the associated experimental strategies. We discuss the potential, challenges, and limitations of computational approaches including ML/AI and present perspectives that may guide next-generation rational MIP design for accelerating the discovery of innovative molecularly templated materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorder that shares phenotype of hyperglycemia. In India, the prevalence rates are estimated to be around 10% in cities, and recent figures showed surprising increasing rates in rural areas. To ascertain the true prevalence in any community, it is essential that there must be standardized methods for the diagnosis with proper acceptable criteria so that the results are comparable. Aims: To determine the incidence of LV diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic Type-II DM patients and to compare it with normal subjects and To quantify the relation of LV diastolic dysfunction with age, duration of DM, HbA1c, obesity indices and other diabetic complications Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study. This Study was conducted from April 2021 to November 2022 at Department of Medicine at PMCH, Patna. Result:Transmitral velocity data showed the significant low E/A ratio (E240ms) and isovolumetric relaxation time (>110ms) in patients with diastolic dysfunction both in study group and control group. Conclusion: The incidence of diastolic dysfunction was found significantly high in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as compared with non-diabetic subjects. Prevalence of diastolic diastolic dysfunction in new diabetic population has female preponderance in the ratio of 2:1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO with novel optoelectronic properties has been considered as a potential candidate for supercapacitor applications. In this study, a varying content ratio of Al3+ and Li1+ is incorporated in ZnO, and its influence on various physical and electronic properties has been explored. Rietveld analysis reveals that all samples crystallize in the wurtzite structure with the P63mc space group. Additional Li1+ doping in Al3+ substituted ZnO results in variations in lattice parameters, bandgap, and crystalline nature with increasing Li1+ content. Photoluminescence studies indicate that oxygen vacancies decrease and oxygen richness increases as Li is introduced nominally (x = 0.125) in Al-doped ZnO; but, with the further addition of Li, the oxygen content decreases resulting in enhanced green emission. Interestingly, no near band emission is observed in codoped samples suggesting a defected lattice. The addition of a nominal amount of Li1+ (x = 0.125) shows enhanced electrochemical performance with higher specific capacitance. All samples show quasireversible behavior. A correlation among lattice parameters, strain, bandgap, oxygen and dopant related defects, and electrochemical properties is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pea peels were used for the preparation of biochar at different temperatures (250 °C: PP250, 500 °C: PP500 and 750 °C: PP750) using slow pyrolysis for 1 h and used for the phenol removal from an aqueous medium. Biochar samples were characterized by SEM, XRD and FT‐IR. The phenol removal was examined as a function of pH, temperature, and NaCl and urea concentration. The optimum pH and temperature were found to be 6.0 and 25 °C respectively. Presence of NaCl and urea primarily affected the adsorption capacity of PP250 and slightly affected the adsorption potential of PP500 and PP750. The maximum biosorption capacity for the PP250, PP500 and PP750 were found to be 34.63, 46.70, and 60.10 mg/g respectively. The Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo‐second order kinetic model best explained the adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters corroborated the physical and exothermic nature of adsorption. PP750 can preferably be used for phenol removal than PP500 and PP250. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cu 1 - x Al x O ( x = 0 , 0.0156 , 0.0234 , 0.0312 , 0.0468 ) has been synthesized using the sol–gel method. An XRD and Raman spectrum of samples confirm the phase purity and present phonon modes in samples. The direct bandgap tuned from 3.75 to 3.55 eV. However, an insignificant variation of the indirect bandgap from 1.4 to 1.41 eV was observed. The Hall effect experiment suggests the mobility, carrier concentration, and conductivity variation of all samples. The modifications in conductivity, mobility, and carrier concentration were also explained. The modified Urbach energy and conductivity are also detailed in terms of sensitivity and photoresponsivity. Effect of different wavelengths (290 nm, 450 nm, 540 nm, 640 nm) of light on surface conductivity of sol–gel-synthesized Cu 1 - x Al x O material has been observed. The photoresponsivity ( Δ I ) and % sensitivity of all samples were studied. The correlation of lattice strain and Urbach energy with the sensitivity is explained. The drastic reduction in % sensitivity from UV (24%) to RGB (below 1%) promises the solar-blind or insensitive nature of Al-doped CuO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu 1-x Fe x O (x = 0, 0.0156, 0.0234 and 0.0312) nanoparticles have been synthesized by using a simple sol-gel route. A pure monoclinic phase (space group c2/c) was observed from XRD studies. A Rietveld analysis of the XRD spectra using GSAS software helped evaluate the variations of lattice constant, lattice strain and bond length/angles. With Fe doping, while the indirect bandgap could be nominally tuned from ∼1.40 eV to ∼1.46 eV, the Fe -doping seems to improve carrier concentration, mobility, and lattice regularity than pure CuO. The photocatalytic degradation of toxic methylene blue (MB) dye could be enhanced from 0.91%/min for the pure CuO to 1.48%/min for 3.125%- Fe- doped CuO. This property has been correlated to the carrier properties of the materials. The UV and visible photoresponse of Cu 1-x Fe x O nanoparticles was investigated. A drastic reduction in both UV and visible light-sensitivity with Fe -doping was observed and correlated with carrier properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Loss to follow-up (LTFU) among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients is a significant challenge for TB control. However, there is a dearth of information about the factors leading to LTFU among marginalized communities. This study highlights the factors associated with LTFU in Saharia, a tribe of Madhya Pradesh having high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out during January-April 2020 among twenty-two pulmonary TB patients, recorded as LTFU in NIKSHAY, with ten treatment supporters and ten patient's family members. Semi-structured personal interview tools were used to collect the information on the history of anti-tuberculosis treatment, adverse drug events (ADE), social cognitive, behaviors, myths, and misbeliefs. The interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed to examine underlying themes. Results: The study explored various social, behavioral factors leading to loss to follow-up among PTB patients. Drug side effects, alcoholism, social stigma, lack of awareness of the seriousness of the diseases and poor counseling are the main barriers to treatment adherence in this community. Conclusions: The study highlights the need to address the issues related to LTFU during TB treatment. The enhanced efforts of treatment supporters, health staff, and family & community persons must motivate and support the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stress response to endotracheal intubation and surgery is associated with exaggerated hemodynamic response and an increase in catecholamine levels which is deleterious to both the mother and fetus. We aimed to compare the effects of intravenous nalbuphine and paracetamol on maternal hemodynamic status, neonatal APGAR score, and postoperative pain using the visual analog scale for elective cesarean section under general anesthesia. Study Design: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study. Materials and Methods: Sixty full-term pregnant patients, belonging to the American Society of Anaesthesiologist physical status Classes I and II, scheduled for elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were enrolled for the study. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 patients each to receive paracetamol (15 mg.kg− 1) in Group P and nalbuphine (0.2 mg.kg−1) in Group N before induction of general anesthesia. Maternal heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded before infusion of study drugs, after induction, after intubation, and during surgery across all periods. APGAR score of neonates was recorded by a pediatrician. Time to reach visual analogue score-1 was recorded. Results: Significant attenuation of maternal hemodynamic response was observed with nalbuphine compared to the paracetamol group (P < 0.05). The time to achieve visual analogue score-1 in the postoperative period was higher in the nalbuphine group. APGAR score at 1 min was significant between the groups and at 5 min, nonsignificant difference was observed (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Nalbuphine and paracetamol are effective in perioperative hemodynamic stability of mother and APGAR score of neonates. However, nalbuphine had better hemodynamic stability as compared to paracetamol with a comparable APGAR score at 5 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centromere identity is specified epigenetically by specialized nucleosomes containing the evolutionarily conserved centromeric histone H3 variant (Cse4 in budding yeast, CENP-A in humans) which is essential for faithful chromosome segregation. However, the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of Cse4 have not been clearly defined. We have identified two kinases, Cdc5 (Plk1 in humans) and Ipl1 (Aurora B kinase in humans) that phosphorylate Cse4 to prevent chromosomal instability (CIN). Cdc5 associates with Cse4 in mitosis and Cdc5-mediated phosphorylation of Cse4 is coincident with the centromeric enrichment of Cdc5 during metaphase. Defects in Cdc5-mediated Cse4 phosphorylation causes CIN, whereas constitutive association of Cdc5 with Cse4 results in lethality. Cse4 is also a substrate for Ipl1 and phospho-mimetic cse4 mutants suppress growth defects of ipl1 and Ipl1 kinetochore substrate mutants, namely dam1 spc34 and ndc80. Ipl1-mediated phosphorylation of Cse4 regulates kinetochore–microtubule interactions and chromosome biorientation. We propose that collaboration of Cdc5- and Ipl1-mediated phosphorylation of Cse4 modulates kinetochore structure and function, and chromosome biorientation. These findings demonstrate how phosphorylation of Cse4 regulates the integrity of the kinetochore, and acts as an epigenetic marker for mitotic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract An aero-gel based solid solution of titanium and cerium oxide nanoparticles have been used for the first time for ultra fast and trace level removal of arsenic from water. The interconnected long range ordered mesoporous structure was observed from TEM analysis which has been verified as an essential facet for the fast removal of arsenic in this study. The HR-XRD spectra indicated the face centred cubic structure with Fm 3 ¯ m space group. Le-Bail refinement and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of single phase solid solution of Ce 1-X Ti x O 2-Y oxide nanoparticles. The HR-XPS and FT-IR study indicated the surface complexation and partial oxidation of As(III) to As(V) via electron transfer mechanism by reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III) and Ti(IV) to Ti(III) simultaneously during adsorption process. The kinetics study demonstrated 99% removal of As(III) within 10 min of initiating the adsorption process. The effect of pH and interfering ions confirmed the wide range of applicability for solid solution of titania and cerium oxide nanoparticles over the different environmental conditions for the removal of arsenic. The adsorption capacity for our best adsorbent (Ce 0.8 Ti 0.2 O 2-y) was found to be 2 × 105 mg kg−1 while the lowest concentration of water body system was 7 μg L−1 which is the minimum concentration of arsenic achieved by any metal oxide based adsorbent. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Single phase solid solution of aero-gel based Ce 1-X Ti x O 2-Y oxide nanoparticles was used for the first time for trace level ultrafast removal of arsenic. • High adsorption capacities were obtained as compare to many other reported studies. • Mechanism involved the oxidation of more toxic As(III) to less toxic As(V). • Large network of interconnected nanoparticles was proven to be an essential facet for ultrafast removal of As(III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Curcumin was employed to prepare anticancer nanoparticles (size 175 ± 15 nm) using anti-inflammatory enzyme serratiopeptidase by desolvation method. Here serratiopeptidase acted as a carrier as well as bioactive molecule in the nanoformulations. The Cur-SPD NPs (curcumin loaded serratiopeptidase nanoparticles) were characterized using DLS, FESEM and FTIR. The in vitro release behavior depicted biphasic pattern at 37 °C (pH 7.4) and release of 95% of both molecules occurred in 24 h. Serratiopeptidase not only provided stability to curcumin but also increased its effectiveness against cancer cells. These nanoparticles had anti-cancer activity in MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines as shown by cytotoxicity assay, DAPI nuclear staining, ROS production and DNA damage. The immunomodulatory tests showed that Cur-SPD NPs reduce level of IL-6 but increase TNFα level in THP1 cell lines. Structural similarity of serratiopeptidase to matrix metallo proteases (MMPs), particularly MMP8, have been found (based on low RMSD values) to induce TNFα production and play tumour suppressive role in certain cancers. Thus anti-cancer properties of Cur-SPD NPs may be attributed to synergistic effect of curcumin and serratiopeptidase. Thus results in present investigation provide an insight on role of serratiopeptidase in development of co-delivery of multifunctional nanoparticles with anti-cancer properties introduction. Graphical abstract Co-delivery of Curcumin and serratiopeptidase in HeLa and MCF-7 cells show improved cytotoxic effect. Unlabelled Image Highlights • Anti-cancer activity of curcumin-serratiopeptidase nanoparticles was evaluated. • Serratiopeptidase acted as a carrier as well as bioactive molecule in the nanoformulations. • MTT assay, DAPI staining, ROS production and DNA damage has demonstrated anti-cancer activity of Cur-SPD NPs. • Release of serratiopeptidase and serratiopeptidase stabilised curcumin occurred in vitro through these nanoparticles. • Serratiopeptidase has a potential to serve as a model protein for encapsulating drugs in nanoformulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aero-gel based one-pot synthesis of anatase phase TiO2 nanoparticles having a high surface area of 125 m2 g−1 has been reported in this work. The humidity sensing perfomance of the obtained porous TiO2 nanoparticles exhibits a quick response (2 s) and fast recovery (1.5 s), negligible hysteresis (＜1%) and good stability in the 11–98%RH range. The relationship between %RH and resistance was found to be linear while the sensitivity increases with increase in %RH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malocclusion is one of the most prevalent oral pathologies, next only to dental caries and periodontal disease and usually ranked third among worldwide public health dental disease priorities. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of different types of malocclusion in young adults. Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of different types of malocclusion in young adults to examine molar relationship, overjet (OJ), overbite (OB), midline deviation, crossbite, and crowding/spacing. Material and methods:A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among the school & junior college going children in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. The duration of the study was 12 months, conducted from January 2016 to January 2017. Materials:Dental chairs, Disposable gloves and masks, Dental mirrors and probes, Metal Rulers, Dental Van. Method:Simple random samples of the total 1000 adolescence aged 14 to 20 years were examined. 20 public schools & Junior colleges were randomly selected in Ahmednagar District where fifty students from theseschool were selected randomly for the study. Out of those 50 students, 10 students were randomly selected from 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th grade each. Result: The no. of Class I malocclusions found in males was 288 & in females was 151. The no. of Class II Div I malocclusions in males was 109 & in females was 103. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ileal ureter is a suitable treatment option for patients with long ureteric strictures. Minimally invasive techniques have been shown to be as safe as open techniques but superior in terms of lesser trauma， less bleeding and less postoperative recovery time. In order to evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic ileal ureter replacement， review of related literatures， indications， contraindications， surgical method， postoperative results combined with experience of our center has been done. Total 20 cases of laparoscopic ileal ureteral operation have been reviewed， the mean operation time was 195~480 and blood loss was 50 ~ 375ml and 7 Robotic ileal ureter replacement were reviewed median surgery time was 320~720 min and bleeding is less then 10ml~100 ml. The operation complications include urinary leakage， intestinal obstruction， anastomotic site leakage， transient azotemia， urinary tract infection and so on. Postoperative renal function of all patients was improved in different degrees. Laparoscopic and Robotic ileal ureter replacement is feasible and can be used as an effective treatment for long ureteral injuries， although the curative effect is same as that of traditional open surgery， but Comparatively laparoscopic and robotic postoperative morbidity is less and have advantages such as it reduces surgical trauma， intraoperative bleeding， postoperative complications， less surgical scar and recovery time.The cases in the reports are limited， more cases need to be studied， and long-term results need to be assessed to establish and standardize these technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential and antibiofilm activity of thymoquinone and its mechanism of action. Antibacterial activity of thymoquinone was studied using minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, time-kill assay, and post-antibiotic effect. Thymoquinone exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be in the range of 1.56 to 100 μg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed changes in cell morphology with dents, cell lysis, and reduction in cell size. Live/dead imaging using acridine orange and ethidium bromide confirmed the bactericidal activity as treated bacteria showed selective uptake of ethidium bromide over acridine orange. Cell viability was also studied using HaCaT (human keratinocytes) cell line by MTT assay, and IC90 value was found to be 50 μg/ml. This IC90 value was higher than that of MICbacteria (except for MIC of E. coli), demonstrating that its selectivity is higher towards bacteria than normal human cells. Thymoquinone also showed promising antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus), which was studied by crystal violet assay, CFU method, and SEM. For understanding the mechanism of action of thymoquinone, DiSC3, NPN, and ROS assay was performed. DiSC3 and NPN assay has not shown any membrane damage whereas bacterial cells treated with thymoquinone at MIC showed increased dichlorofluorescin fluorescence, suggesting that the probable mechanism of action of thymoquinone against bacterial cells is due to the production of reactive oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance has necessitated search for new antibacterials for combating threat of pathogenic bacteria. Though chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are a well-known antimicrobial agent, they are toxic to human cells at higher concentrations. Hence in the present study, curcumin-silver nanoparticles (Cur-AgNPs) of size 25-35 nm, were synthesized using curcumin, a phytochemical. These nanoparticles were effective against both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria and were less toxic to human keratinocytes. They had very low total silver content and high stability. The antibacterial activity of Cur-AgNPs, as studied by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 5 mg/L), time kill kinetics and post agent effect, was better than silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, size ≈ 35 nm, MIC = 20 mg/L). The inhibitory effect of Cur-AgNPs on biofilm formation was also ≈ 20% more than AgNPs as demonstrated by live-dead imaging and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxic test to skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) showed that Cur-AgNPs were toxic at a concentration of 156 mg/L which is much higher than the bacterial MIC (selective toxicity). They also showed anti-inflammatory effect on human macrophages (THP1) by reducing secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α as compared to chemically synthesized AgNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine has been investigated numerically. For numerical analysis, zero dimensional stochastic reactor model (0-D SRM) approach was used. SRM was validated with experimental results and used for parametric analysis of dual fuel engine by varying operating parameters such as premixing ratio of fuels, engine speed and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) percentage. Numerically obtained results from 0-D SRM were found in good agreement with the experimental results. Combustion process in dual fuel engine has also been analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model using a commercial 3-D CFD engine simulation tool ‘STAR-CD’ in conjunction with mesh generator ‘es-ice’. During engine combustion simulation with the STAR-CD code, PVM−MF (progress variable model – multi fuel) combustion model was used, which specially developed to characterize the multi fuel combustion. Spray evolution and combustion process has been analysed in a sector of engine cylinder to reduce the computational time during simulations. Numerically simulated data using this model was also found in good agreement with the experimental data. It was found that engine performance improved at higher engine load conditions and carbon mono oxide as well as unburned hydrocarbon emissions reduced. Effect of EGR on combustion and performance characteristics of dual fuel engine was also analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with poor outcome after mitral valve replacement (MVR). We proposed to evaluate the effect of valve prosthesis patient mismatch (PPM) on pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure following MVR. METHODS: Five hundred patients who have undergone MVR were studied retrospectively. Postoperative PA systolic pressure (PASP) measured 6 months postoperatively by Doppler echocardiography was compared with preoperative values. PASP ≥ 40mmHg was defined as PAH. Mitral valve effective orifice area was calculated by the continuity equation and indexed for body surface area. PPM was defined as indexed effective orifice area ≤ 1.2 cm²/m². A multivariate model was constructed to ascertain the independent determinants of systolic PA pressure. Also, a propensity score model was constructed to overcome the baseline differences between the PPM and no PPM groups. RESULTS: The incidence of PPM in this study was 37.2%. The average postoperative PASPs were 30.49 and 42.35mmHg in the no PPM and PPM groups, respectively; (P < 0.001). Regression of PAH in the PPM and no PPM groups was 76.26% and 20.64%, respectively; (P < 0.001). The indexed effective orifice area correlated well with postoperative PASP (r = 0.71). The overall survival and freedom from cardiac death at 10 years were 79.8% and 85.3%; and at 20 years were 66.5% and 74.3%, respectively. Both, overall survival and the freedom from cardiac death were higher in the no PPM group than in the PPM group; (P < 0.001). Propensity score matching analysis yielded 112 pairs of the PPM and no PPM cohorts, which revealed higher overall survival and freedom from cardiac death in the no PPM group; (P = 0.028 and 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Mitral PPM is an independent predictor of persistent PAH after MVR along with associated morbidity and reduced survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compartmentalizing magnetically controlled drug molecules is critical in several bioanalytical trials and tests, such as drug screening, digital PCR, magnetic hyperthermia, and controlled magnetic drug targeting (MDT). However, several studies have focused on diluting the nonmagnetic drug using various passive devices based on traditional microfabrication and 3D printing techniques, leading to the requirement of sterilized cleanroom facilities and expensive equipment, respectively. This work develops a strategically designed and straightforward lithography-free process to fabricate a magnetic microfluidic device using a multilayered PMMA substrate for concentration-dependent compartmentalization of a magnetically controlled anticancer drug. The device contains an array of outlet chamber wells connected to five primary separation microfluidic channels for collecting different drug concentrations. The microfluidic design geometry, magnet configuration, and fluid flow rate are optimized using FEM (Finite Element Method) simulations to attain a systematic concentration gradient region within the microfluidic channel. A stair-step-like patterned magnet creates an attenuating magnetic force between 0.01–0.24 pN on magnetic nanoparticles, capable of generating the concentration gradient for the clinically acceptable flow range of Q = 0.6–1.1 μL min−1. The chamber well of the device is designed to adapt different cell cultures and simultaneously expose five different concentrations by introducing a predefined concentration from the inlet. As a result, this innovative design provides a predictable concentration control in each well through a single injection port to minimize drug loading errors. The concentration gradient generation of the drug and exposure to cell culture chambers are controlled using the magnetic and drag forces capable of running a time-varying dose screening experiment. The concentration range of the compartmentalized drug sample in the device is determined as 10–480 μg mL−1 using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) measurement and fluorescence intensity. The cytotoxicity test of MCF7 and NIH3T3 cells using the device was consistent with the results obtained with the manual dilution method, resulting in the reusability of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missense mutations of valosin-containing protein (VCP) cause an autosomal dominant disease known as inclusion body myopathy, Paget disease with frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The pathological mechanism of IBMPFD is not clear and there is no treatment. We show that endogenous VCP negatively regulates Mitofusin, which is required for outer mitochondrial membrane fusion. Because 90% of IBMPFD patients have myopathy, we generated an in vivo IBMPFD model in adult Drosophila muscle, which recapitulates disease pathologies. We show that common VCP disease mutants act as hyperactive alleles with respect to regulation of Mitofusin. Importantly, VCP inhibitors suppress mitochondrial defects, muscle tissue damage and cell death associated with IBMPFD models in Drosophila. These inhibitors also suppress mitochondrial fusion and respiratory defects in IBMPFD patient fibroblasts. These results suggest that VCP disease mutants cause IBMPFD through a gain-of-function mechanism, and that VCP inhibitors have therapeutic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile aroma compounds of three varieties of red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) namely Kashmiri red, Sharmili and Chitra were extracted in raw state using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and cooked state using simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE). During cooking a significant ( p < 0.05) reduction in the content of several aldehydes, alcohols and terpene hydrocarbons while an increase in content of various sulfurous compounds, terpene alcohols, ketones and pyrazines was noted. Descriptive sensory analysis showed that the maximum intensity of ‘kidney bean’, ‘earthy’ and ‘smoky’ odour was observed in Kashmiri red while Sharmili variety was characterised by ‘sulfurous’ odour. Correlation of volatile profile data with descriptive sensory analysis and odour activity values clearly established the role of compounds, such as methanethiol, diethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methional and dimethyl trisulfide, in contributing to ‘cooked kidney bean’ aroma, while dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone and ethyl methyl sulfone were responsible for ‘sulfurous’ aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of ajwain extract and gamma irradiation on the shelf-life extension of rohu and seer fish steaks during chilled storage. [Display omitted] • Enhanced shelf life of rohu (5 days) and seer (10 days) fish steaks were achieved under chilled storage. • Combination of 10 % ajwain extract and 2 kGy dose (γ-irradiation) was most suitable. • Phytochemicals were analyzed using GC-MS and HPLC. Fishes are highly perishable, mainly stored and transported under frozen condition; however, they are mainly preferred as fresh or in chilled form for consumption because frozen storage compromises the texture quality and other sensory attributes. Shelf-life enhancement of rohu and seer fish steaks was studied using combination of ajwain extract (various concentrations) and γ-irradiation (various doses) under chilled storage (4 °C). These were analyzed periodically by microbiological, sensory, color and biochemical analyses during storage. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed thymol as major component. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of nine phenolic compounds including thymol in ajwain extract. The best result was achieved when samples were dipped in 10 % ajwain extract with 2 kGy gamma irradiation dose. An extended shelf-life of 5 and 10 days in case of rohu and seer fish steaks were attained respectively using this combination. These results were confirmed by microbial, biochemical and sensory analyses. The present study thus promises potential application of the above protocol in fishery industry for good quality of fish and commercial benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: St. Thomas' cardioplegic solution No. 2 (ST), although most widely used in adult cardiac surgery, needs to be given at short intervals, causing additional myocardial injury. Aim: To determine whether del Nido (DN) cardioplegia, with longer periods of arrest, provides equivalent myocardial protection as compared to ST. Material and methods: The study population comprised 100 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or double valve replacement (DVR) surgery between January 2015 and January 2016. The patients were divided into two groups based on the type of cardioplegia administered during surgery: 1) intermittent ST (ST, n = 50) and 2) DN cardioplegia (DN, n = 50). We compared the aortic cross clamp (CC) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times, number of intra-operative DC shocks required, and postoperative changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the two groups. Results: The aortic cross clamp and bypass times were shorter with DN (110.15 ±36.84 vs. 133.56 ±35.66 and 158.60 ±39.92 vs. 179.81 ±42.36 min respectively, p < 0.05). Fewer cardioplegia doses were required in the DN group vs. the ST group (1.38 ±0.59 vs. 4.15 ±1.26; p = 0.001), while a single cardioplegia dose was given to 35 DN patients (70%) vs. 0 ST patients (p < 0.001). Postoperative LVEF was better preserved in the DN group. Conclusions: The use of DN leads to shorter cross clamp and CPB times, reduces cardioplegia dosage, and provides potentially better myocardial protection in terms of LVEF preservation, with a safety profile comparable to ST cardioplegia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classically, ascending aortic dissection (AD) presents as sudden, severe chest pain that is tearing type and radiates to the back. Herein, we present a rare case of severe aortic regurgitation with silent ascending AD, which had no chest pain symptoms. The aortic valve apparatus probably masked this AD; therefore, it was not detected by echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease still remains one of the leading causes of congestive heart failure and death owing to valvular pathologies, in developing countries. Valve replacement still remains the treatment of choice in such patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the postoperative outcome of double valve replacement (Mitral and Aortic ) in patients of rheumatic heart disease. Materials and Methods: Between 1988 and 2008, 300 patients of rheumatic heart disease underwent double (Mitral and Aortic) valve replacement with Starr Edwards valve or St Jude mechanical valve prosthesis were implanted. These patients were studied retrospectively for preoperative data and postoperative outcome including causes of early and late deaths and the data was analyzed statistically. Results: The 30-day hospital death rate was 11.3% andlate death occurred in 11.6%. Anticoagulant regimen was followed to maintain the target prothrombin time at 1.5 times the control value. The actuarial survival (exclusive of hospital mortality) was 92.4%, 84.6%, and 84.4%, per year at 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively. Conclusion: In view of the acknowledged advantage of superior durability, increased thromboresistance in our patient population, and its cost effectiveness the Starr-Edwards ball valve or St. Jude valve is the mechanical prosthesis of choice for advanced combined valvular disease. The lowintensity anticoagulant regimen has offered suffcient protection against thromboembolism as well as hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondria are renowned for their central bioenergetic role in eukaryotic cells, where they act as powerhouses to generate adenosine triphosphate from oxidation of nutrients. At the same time, these organelles are highly dynamic and undergo fusion, fission, transport, and degradation. Each of these dynamic processes is critical for maintaining a healthy mitochondrial population. Given the central metabolic function of mitochondria, it is not surprising that mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics reciprocally influence each other. We review the dynamic properties of mitochondria, with an emphasis on how these processes respond to cellular signaling events and how they affect metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reports the qualitative degradation of raw materials of Andrographis paniculata during storage due to fungal and aflatoxin contamination and its control by essential oils (EOs) of Caesulia axillaris , Cymbopogon khasans and Cymbopogon martinii . The finger print profile of the herbal raw materials through high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) revealed the significant degradation of andrographolide content (the major active component) due to fungal and aflatoxin contamination. The three EOs showed potent preservative effects during fumigation in storage containers providing 71.93%, 93.86% and 88.60% protection of herbal raw materials respectively from fungal contamination. The EOs were found to control the degradation of the active component of A. paniculata as well as reduce aflatoxin produced by toxigenic Aspergillus flavus . The EOs may increase the shelf life of raw materials of A. paniculata by controlling fungal and aflatoxin contamination as well as active component degradation during post harvest storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Fish waste is a source of various nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), peptides, vitamins and minerals. This waste can be utilised for the extraction of fish oil for the preparation of value‐added supplements for humans. In this study, oil was extracted from wastes (bones, head and viscera) of Basa (Pangasius bocourti) fish and encapsulated with alginate as a coating material using the simple extrusion process. In total fatty acid composition, the most predominant was monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (30.74–61.67%), followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA) (26.45–38.22%) and PUFA (7.03–21.01%) in different sections. Alginate concentration (2.5%) with oil loading of 30% showed higher emulsion stability with the least pore space, hence, considered optimum for encapsulation of oil. The encapsulated beads were stable up to 12 days as determined by peroxide value (18.67 ± 1.15 meq Kg−1), acid value (14.13 ± 0.35 mg KOH g−1) and free fatty acid value (8.42 ± 0.51%) when stored at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A BSTRACT Lymphangiomas are hamartomatous malformations, which are commonly encountered in children. Intrapericardial lymphangioma is exceptionally rare. We present a case of an intrapericardial lymphangioma in a child presenting with cardiac tamponade. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12572 (J Card Surg 2015;30:613-616) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report adsorptionisotherms of various industriallyimportant gases, viz. CO2, CO, CH4, and N2on MIL-53(Al) metal organic framework (MOF). The isothermswere measured in the range of 0–25 bar over a wide temperaturerange (294–350 K). The structural transformation of the adsorbentand the resulting breathing phenomenon were observed only in the caseof CO2adsorption at 294 and 314 K. Adsorption of CO (anotherpolar gas), N2and CH4did not induce any structuraltransformation in this adsorbent for the experimental conditions consideredin this work. Since the CO2isotherms at 294 and 314 Kinvolve structural transformation and show a distinct step, a conventionalisotherm model cannot be used to describe such behavior. In orderto model these isotherms, a dual-site Langmuir-type equation (onesite each for the two structural forms, i.e., large pore phase andnarrow pore phase) that includes a normal distribution function toaccount for structural transformation is proposed. This model successfullymimics the Type-IV isotherm behavior of CO2on MIL-53(Al).Henry’s constants and adsorption enthalpies of CO2on the two structural forms were calculated using this model. TheIdeal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) was used to predict the selectivityof CO2at 350 K over other gases studied in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters and owing to their vast substrate specificity, they have many industrial applications. Due to the demand of thermostable lipases in industrial applications, we have enhanced the thermostability of lipase from Bacillus licheniformis RSP-09. The thermostable mutant lipases of Bacillus licheniformis RSP-09 were isolated following two rounds of directed evolution using error-prone PCR. The best mutant lipases obtained after first and second round of error-prone PCR were purified and characterized. The mutant lipases showed increased thermostability and retained catalytic function. The best mutant lipase (eP-231-51) showed 13.5-fold increase in percentage thermal stability (% remaining activity after incubation of purified enzyme at 60 °C for 1 h) than wild-type lipase. Also, this mutant lipase (ep-231-51) showed 30% improved catalytic efficiency compared with the wild-type which is due to significant decrease in K m and marginal increase in k cat . In addition, the thermostable mutant lipases have shown resistance to hydrophobic organic solvents. The role of mutations in the best mutant lipases of second round i.e. eP-231-51 (Asp72Gly, Asp61Gly, Tyr129His, and Thr101Pro) and eP-231-137 (Leu49Arg, Thr101Pro, Asp72Gly), that led to thermostability have been postulated after the comparison of molecular models of wild-type and mutated enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During cell division, it is critical to properly partition functional sets of organelles to each daughter cell. The partitioning of mitochondria shares some common features with that of other organelles, particularly in the use of interactions with cytoskeletal elements to facilitate delivery to the daughter cells. However, mitochondria have unique features - including their own genome and a maternal mode of germline transmission - that place additional demands on this process. Consequently, mechanisms have evolved to regulate mitochondrial segregation during cell division, oogenesis, fertilization and tissue development, as well as to ensure the integrity of these organelles and their DNA, including fusion-fission dynamics, organelle transport, mitophagy and genetic selection of functional genomes. Defects in these processes can lead to cell and tissue pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Waste pomelo peel converted into a novel adsorbent for use in CDI. • Removal of Pb and Cu ions strongly enhanced by functionalizing with pyrrolic-N. • Strong selectivity of Pb2+ from water containing multiple competing ions. • Easy regeneration of adsorbent on no loss in performance over 300 cycles. Water is not only a valuable resource that is needed to sustain life, but also an essential ingredient in many engineering processes, which unavoidably leads to large volumes of water being contaminated. To achieve safe discharge and also recover valuable "pollutants", better performing sorbents are needed to rapidly and efficiently decontaminate water while generating minimal secondary wastes. Bio-sorbents derived from pomelo peel were functionalized with pyrrolic-N (BNC-5 electrode) and pyridinic-N (BNC-6 electrode) to enhance electroadsorption and selectivity of Pb2+ and Cu2+. The interaction between soft acid ions (Pb2+) and soft base sites (pyrrolic-N) contributed to a strong chemisorption that elevated the electroadsorption capacity to 2.0 mmol g−1 for Pb2+ at an applied voltage of 1.2 V. With fast removal kinetics (0.077 g mg−1 min−1 of Pb2+), the BNC-5 sorbent performed comparably to other N-doped sorbents prepared using graphene. The large adsorption–desorption hysteresis of BNC-5 in responding to the applied electric voltage confirmed the nature of chemisorption. The results showed only 32.4% of the adsorbed ions being desorbed from the sorbent by reducing the applied voltage to 0 V, but reached almost complete desorption (98.5% of adsorbed ions) at –0.8 V. When operated in adsorption–desorption cycle mode, BNC-5 after ∼ 400 cycles maintained a capacity retention ≥ 80%. After 400 cycles, the electrode capacity was almost fully restored (98.7%) by only mild chemical washing (0.1 M HNO 3) of the sorbent and the cycling performance maintained. The study demonstrated the robustness of the sorbent over 1200 cycles and hence the potential to successfully convert waste into high-performance materials for large-scale remediation strategies of contaminated wastewater using CDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A facile sol-gel route is used to synthesize ZNGO nanoparticles. • XRD analysis confirm single wurtzite phase for all samples. • Drastic reduction in all defect states with Ni/Ga co-doped ZnO. • Defect assisted UV and visible light photosensing. • Photocatalytic dye degradation enhanced up to 31% in co-doped ZnO. •. [Display omitted] Ni or Ga doping is well studied in literature. However, a Ga/Ni co-doped ZnO brings in complex competing mechanisms of electron mobility and electron localization. A sol-gel prepared solid solution of Ga/Ni co-doped ZnO with hexagonal wurtzite structure (P6 3 mc space group) is studied in detail to correlate the electronic properties to the structure of the materials. Lattice strain studies correlated to these changes in the electronic properties. The drastic reduction in native defects was detailed using the photoluminescence study of Ni/Ga co-doped ZnO. Lattice and phonon studies were used to explain the lattice strain in the ZnO lattice. The % Sensitivity of UV (290 nm), blue (450 nm), green (540 nm) and red (640 nm) wavelengths were tested and correlated with the defects. Additionally, the photo-catalytic dye degradation of toxic methylene blue was investigated and explained with changes in carrier concentration and mobility. The reason behind the conductive parameters was examined theoretically and a possible reason was found in terms of changes in electron localization due to increasing Ni/Ga concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Bone mass loss is a prevalent issue among the elderly population that often goes unnoticed. Various factors related to reproduction and menstruation, such as parity, breastfeeding, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche, use of combined oral contraceptives, and age at menopause, have been found to impact bone mineral density (BMD). Menarche, marking the onset of menstrual cycles, represents a significant hormonal milestone in females, with variations observed in the age at which it occurs. This study aimed to assess the association between the age at menarche and BMD in women who are either premenopausal or postmenopausal. Methods: The research was carried out at a tertiary care medical college in central India. The study included a total of 106 normal and healthy women ranging in age from 20 to 75 years. Relevant data including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), age at menarche, and BMD values were collected from the participants. BMD measurements were obtained using the DEXA Scan. The obtained readings were subjected to analysis using the Pearson chi-square test. Results: The findings of the present study indicate a lack of significant correlation between the age at menarche and BMD. Conclusion: Numerous reproductive factors, including the age at menarche, play a crucial role in determining BMD. As such, it is recommended that educational strategies be implemented to enhance awareness regarding the various factors that contribute to maintaining optimal bone health among females. By increasing knowledge and understanding in this area, individuals can make informed choices and take appropriate measures to promote and preserve their bone health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The study explores the chemical profile, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Boswellia carterii essential oil (EO). The EO significantly inhibited growth and aflatoxin production by the food borne toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus at 1.75 μl/ml and 1.25 μl/ml respectively. It exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against 12 food borne moulds and also showed strong antioxidant activity, IC50 value and % inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation being 0.64 μl/ml and 51.68% respectively. The antifungal action of EO was observed in terms of reduction in ergosterol content of plasma membrane of A. flavus. As fumigant in food system in storage containers, the EO provided 65.38% protection against fungal deterioration of Piper nigrum. GC–MS results revealed 31 components of EO. The chemically characterized B. carterii EO may thus be recommended as plant based preservative in view of its antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, antioxidant activity and efficacy in food system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, we report the synthesis of polymer coated palladium () nanoparticles through a single stage reduction of 2+ ions by ethylene glycol. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, MW 25,000) is used as a stabilizer. Self-assembled nanoparticles (10-40 nm) were used in hydrogen adsorption studies. Gravimetric adsorption measurements were carried out in a pressure range of 0-26 bar at 293, 324, 364 and 392 K. Saturation for all isotherms was obtained within a few bars of pressure at all temperatures. Maximum hydrogen storage capacity observed was 0.58 wt.% at 324 K and 20 bar. Net adsorption calculations indicated that required tank volume (for storing a particular amount of hydrogen) can be significantly reduced by using a tank filled with nanoparticle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health status of HIV positive individuals is in poor condition which may be a sequela of variety of factors. This study was aimed at assessing and comparing the oral health status and oromucosal lesions between HIV positive and negative individuals in India. A total of 126 HIV positive and 532 HIV negative individuals were recruited for the study. Oral health status and oromucosal lesions were recorded using WHOoral health assessment form(1997).Data was analyzed using chi-square and independent sample student's t test. Majority (85.7%) of people suffering from HIV belonged to lower socioeconomic status. The mean for DMFT score was found to be significantly higher in HIV positive individuals (12.83 ± 9.6) as compared to HIV negative individuals (8.34 ± 7.6) (P value < 0.0001). Nearly 75% of HIV positive individuals showed oromucosal lesions with candidiasis (36%) being the most common. Nearly 50% of HIV positive individuals had community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment (LOA) score >2. In conclusion HIV positive individuals have poor oral health status and poor periodontal status compared to control group. Effective policies need to be drafted to take care of the oral health of this high risk group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is an important cause of sexually transmitted genital tract infections (STIs) and trachoma. Despite major research into chlamydial pathogenesis and host immune responses, immunoprotection has been hampered by the incomplete understanding of protective immunity in the genital tract. Characterized vaccine candidates have shown variable efficacy ranging from no protection to partial protection in vivo. It is therefore a research priority to identify novel chlamydial antigens that may elicit protective immune responses against CT infection. In the present studywe assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against protein kinase1 (Pkn1), DNA ligaseA (LigA), and major outer membrane protein A (OmpA) following natural CT infection in humans and in experimentally induced CT infection inMacaca nemestrina. Antigenic stretches of Pkn1, LigA, and OmpA were identified using bioinformatic tools. Pkn1, LigA, andOmpAgeneswere cloned in bacterial expression vector and purified by affinity chromatography. Our results demonstrate significantly high seroprevalence of antibodies against purified Pkn1 and OmpA in sera obtained fromthe macaque animal model and human patients infected with CT. In contrast no significant seroreactivity was observed for LigA. The seroprevalence of antibodies against Pkn1 suggest that nonsurface chlamydial proteins could also be important for developing vaccines for C. trachomatis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports hydrogen adsorptionproperties of four differentmetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) namely Zn-BDC, Cr-BDC, Ni-DABCO,and Mg-DOBDC. Gravimetric hydrogen adsorption measurements are performedover a wide range of temperature (90 K to 298 K) and pressure (0 barto 100 bar). At the lowest experimental temperature (90 K to 100 K)all the isotherms are saturated and the adsorption capacity is governedby pore volume. On the other hand, at room temperature the isothermsclosely follow Henry’s law. Modeling of the excess isothermsis also done. Net adsorption isotherms, which can directly indicatethe efficiency of porous adsorbent for storage, are also presented.In terms of volumetric efficiency, Mg-DOBDC MOF exhibits best storagecapacity out of all the MOFs considered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]