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Transarticular external skeletal fixation (TESF) is repeatedly used for temporary stabilisation of tarsal joint in cats. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the use of temporary modified type II TESF for management of talocrural instability (TCI) in cats without joint arthrodesis and to rate short-term outcomes and complications. Medical records of all cats treated for TCI between January 2012 and December 2021 were reviewed. Information was collected including signalment, degree of lameness, type of TCI, accompanying soft tissue and bone injuries, and post-operative follow-up assessment including time of frame removal, complications, degree of lameness, range of joint motion and ankylosis. Surgical management didn't involve debridement of the articular cartilage. Eighty-five percent of cats had satisfactory joint stability at the time of frame removal. Eighteen cats exhibited minor complications, six cats had major complications, and 8 cats showed persistent lameness. All cats showed reduction of joint motion range by 20°-30° directly after frame removal while returned to normal in 79% of cats 4 weeks later. Variable degrees of joint ankylosis were reported. In conclusion, this study supports the use of temporary modified type II TESF for management of TCI in cats without joint involvement as an excellent alternative to tarsal arthrodesis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCNPs) to induce new bone formation in a critical size segmental bone defect in rabbit's radius when used alone, combined with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a paste, or as a composite containing CCNPs, AgNPs, and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). Thirty-six adult apparently healthy male New Zealand White rabbits aging from 5 to 6 months and weighting 3.5 ± 0.5 kg were used. The animals were divided into four groups; control group, CCNPs group, CCNPs/AgNPs paste group, and CCNPs/AgNPs/A-PRF composite group. The animals were investigated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation in which the healing was evaluated using computed tomographic (CT) and histopathological evaluation. The results revealed that CCNPs/AgNPs paste and CCNPs/AgNPs/A-PRF composite has a superior effect regarding the amount and the quality of the newly formed bone compared to the control and the CCNPs alone. In conclusion, addition of AgNPs and/or A-PRF to CCNPs has reduced its resorption rate and improved its osteogenic and osteoinductive properties., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

This study describes the selected pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine (NAL) in xylazine (XYL)‑sedated horses. Five adult healthy horses were randomly received 2 treatments at a 1‑week interval; XYL treatment (0.55 mg/kg IV) and XYL/NAL treatment (XYL, 0.55 mg/kg IV; NAL, 0.3 mg/kg IV). The measured pharmacodynamic variables were sedative and analgesic effects and the effect on ataxia and some physiological parameters. for the pharmacokinetics of NAL, its plasma concentrations were measured using HPLC and a 2‑compartment analysis was performed. Greater and prolonged sedation was evident after XYL/NAL treatment compared with XYL treatment. Slightly improved and prolonged analgesia was demonstrated after XYL/NAL treatment. Significant changes in blood pressure and respiratory rate lasted for a shorter duration with XYL/NAL treatment than with XYL treatment. After XYL treatment, rectal temperature was significantly different from baseline and XYL/NAL treatment. Elimination half‑life of NAL was 3.47 ± 1.39 hours and total body clearance was 2.88 ± 0.73 L/kg/hour. In conclusion, addition of NAL to XYL resulted in remarkable advantages on the measured parameters. The obtained pharmacokinetics of NAL could be useful in determining the effective NAL infusion rate, which could be further evaluated as an adjunctive agent to XYL for prolonged sedation in horses.

The present retrospective study was conducted from 2003 to 2015 in Egypt to document common surgical affections of the udder and teat in cattle and buffaloes, and determine medical and surgical treatment options that are feasible in a field setting. We diagnosed 19 different surgical affections and classified them into 4 groups according to their location. Teat orifice affections (12.41%) included imperforate teat, contracted teat orifice, enlarged teat orifice, and black spot. Teat cistern affections (23.76%) included teat fistula, dilated teat cistern, teat polypi, and webbed teat. Teat surface affections (50.35%) included sore teat, supernumerary teat, sloughed teat, teat papilloma and fibropapilloma, teat wounds, and teat viral lesions. Udder affections (13.48%) included hypermastia, udder wounds, and suppurative and gangrenous mastitis. In cattle, the number of surgical affections located on the teat surface (20 ± 5.4) was significantly higher compared with other locations as well as compared with buffaloes (P<0.05). No treatment was indicated in 24% of recorded cases. Medical and surgical treatment was indicated in 73.75% of affected animals. Favorable results were achieved with the recommended treatments when applied in the field.