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Activated carbon is synthesized from sugarcane bagasse through a pre-carbonization process in a muffle furnace at 400 °C, followed by carbonization and activation using the pyrolysis method at 800 °C. In the activation process, pre-carbonized SB is activated using 0.1 M NaOH. The activated carbon is then impregnated with cobalt oxide (CoO) using a hydrothermal method at 110 °C to improve its electrochemical performance. After impreg­nation, the presence of CoO is confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns. Scanning electron microscopy suggests that the samples' morphology shows pore structures. Electrochemical properties are measured by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging-discharging techniques using a three-electrode system with 1 M Na2SO4 as an electrolyte. It is found that the specific capacitance of activated carbon from SB is 89.53 F/g, while after impreg­nation with CoO, it increases to 102.04 F/g at the same current density of 0.05 A/g.

This community service activity aims to increase the reading interest of the Murni Orphanage children through the Literacy Diary method. The method of implementing this service used mentoring by implementing reading activities for 15 minutes every day and writing down the results of the reading in a Literacy Diary. Questionnaires were used to evaluate this activity, and the results were analyzed descriptively. The results of this community service activity could increase children's interest in reading, with a satisfaction level of 77.8% of the usefulness indicator for activity participants. The indicators of the success of this service also included the equipment used during the activity, the atmosphere and situation during the implementation of the activity, activity time, the media, reading materials/materials, guidance from a mentor, reading literacy practices, mentor's adaptability, and mastery of the material from the mentor respectively.

The next step of the digital transformation is to adopt artificial intelligence (AI), even if the technology itself is still evolving. Nevertheless, discussions on AI pros and cons are vivid: managers are in the frontline of the decision-making on the best ways for such transitions. If corporations are already familiar with AI, at least partially for some processes, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face a double pressure: their inequal degree of digital maturity, as well as the everyday constraints on how to increase competitiveness. CEE SMEs, in particular, find themselves in a complex framework, and the adoption of AI, even if challenging, could be one of the solutions to advance in terms of efficiency. Nevertheless, risks in such an approach must be carefully considered. Based on a semi-structured literature review, this opinion paper discusses the main risks that managers of SMEs in the CEE region should understand regarding AI and the consequent challenges of adopting it in business. Final considerations and future research discussions conclude the paper.

Law No. 17/2014 on the regulations regarding the sale and purchase of agricultural land outside buildable areas and for the amendment of Law No. 268/2001 on the privatisation of companies administering the State's publicly and privately owned agricultural land and for the creation of the Agency for the State's Domain ("Law 17"), as amended by way of Law no. 175/2020 for the amendment and completion of Law 17 ("Law 175") generated uncertainty on the agricultural real estate market.

As shifts occur on the global market and business models adapt to a dynamic environment, the process of business internationalization, as performed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), maintains its relevance for academics, professionals, international organizations, and authorities. Studies in the field have emphasized the strategic component of internationalization, linking it to cultivating (sustainable) competitive advantages, to stimulating strategic innovation, to the pursuit of profitability, and to an overall improved performance, taking into account the activities conducted on foreign markets. Based on a survey carried out with over 100 European SMEs in the steel field, this study examines the influences of strategic collaborators (from international business networks), intermediaries (as organizational links to the target stakeholders), and strategic innovation on SMEs’ profitability resulted from international operations, and on the level of business development on foreign markets. The results have shown positive influences among most of the considered factors (i.e., direct collaborators, strategic innovation, international profitability and development), whereas intermediaries have a significant influence only on international profitability and not on SMEs’ development on foreign markets.

Objective To identify carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) and to determine whether they had different risk factors for the acquisition of CRE than patients without COVID-19. Methods This retrospective single-centre, case–control study enrolled patients with and without COVID-19. The demographic, clinical, infection, colonization and mortality data were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 38 patients with COVID-19 and 26 patients without COVID-19 were enrolled. The majority of isolates detected in COVID-19 patients were Klebsiella spp . Leukopenia at admission (odds ratio [OR] 4.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37, 16.10), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 5.74; 95% CI 1.07, 30.63), carbapenem treatment (OR 5.09; 95% CI 1.21, 21.27) and corticosteroid treatment (OR 7.06; 95% CI 1.53, 32.39) were independent risk factors for CRE acquisition in COVID-19 patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) mortality was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients compared with patients without COVID-19 (OR 20.62; 95% CI 5.50, 77.23). Length of ICU stay increased the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 (subdistribution hazard ratio 3.81; 95% CI 1.33, 10.92). Conclusion CRE strains were more common in patients with COVID-19 and they had different risks for CRE compared with patients without COVID-19.

The present article presents the results of analytical research on the possibility of using a mixture consisting of diesel oil and ethyl-tertiary-butyl ether in different percentages of EETB to power compression-ignition engines. The calculations were carried out for a four-stroke diesel engine intended for use as a power generator, among other things. In order to illustrate and verify the correctness of the calculations, a mathematical model was built that confirmed the correctness of the calculations. The calculations focused on a thorough analysis of the elemental composition (content of individual elements) of the fuel and, in particular, the carbon content in the fuel. A calculation algorithm was applied for mixing diesel fuel with ethyl-tertiary butyl ether in a share of EETB 5% + 95% ON, 10% EETB + 90% ON, 20% EETB ++80% ON, 30% EETB + 70% ON, 40% EETB + 60% ON. In this study, it determined the parameters of the working medium, the parameters of the environment and residual gases, and the processes (charge filling, compression, combustion, expansion) and effective parameters of the engine. The calculations used in this study led to heat balance, and a summary of the obtained results and their comparison with diesel oil are also described in this study. The results show the feasibility of using a mixture of ethyl-tertiary-butyl ether as a fuel in diesel engines. The results are very similar to those for 100% diesel. The results of our calculations confirming the possibility of using ether for fuel and thus maintaining similar engine operating parameters.

Computational aspects of concerted [2+2] oxidative‐retrocycloaddition‐cycloreversion reaction through ruthenium alkylidene π‐complexes and ruthenacyclobutane with α,β‐(C—C—C) agostic bonding interactions in olefin metathesis are presented. d6‐Ruthenium carbene complexes, with ruthenium in the oxidation state +2, undergo successive [2+2] cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps, through associative, dissociative, or interchange mechanisms. This process involves coordination of the olefin to 16‐electron Ru complex followed by phosphine dissociation, or first phosphine dissociation then coordination of the olefin to the 14‐electron Ru complex with rearrangement to a ruthenacyclobutane intermediate, followed by symmetrical reverse steps. Donation of σ‐electron density from the two C—C σ‐bonds to the metal center leads to α,β‐(C—C—C) agostic bonds, which stabilized metallacyclobutane as a formally 16‐electron complex, with lower energy than the corresponding π‐complex. In the transformation from π‐complex to ruthenacyclobutane the ruthenium atom is formally oxidized to Ru(IV). The most efficient ligands are those that stabilize the high‐oxidation state metallacyclobutane (IV) intermediate relative to the ruthenium carbene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dihedral angles θHnHn+1[deg] calculated from NMR data with 3-Sphere approach, a method under Hopf fibration and Lie group theories, are angles in close relationship with vicinal angles ϕ[deg], angles result from vicinal coupling constant ³JHnHn+1[Hz]. The signs of dihedral angles calculated with algebraic equations are demonstrated with A2 root system Lie group. In attempt to find the best model for visualization of the phase angle of the pseudorotation P[deg] the proton-proton distances lHH[A0] between two atoms of carbon consecutives are calculated from 3-Sphere dihedral angles θHnHn+1[deg]. The string resulting from four protons around five membered rings inscribed on rectangles geometry is expected to give information about conformational constrain. Two protons on two atoms of carbon and their images on mirror are in case of cis stereochemistry inscribed on rectangle geometry using dihedral θHnHn+1[deg] and vicinal angles ϕ[deg]. In case of trans-aa and trans-ee stereochemistry are inscribed on rhombus geometry using dihedral angle with trans-aa stereochemistry and corresponding cis angle or both dihedral angles with trans-ee stereochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to study the concept of cyber range (CR). A systematized theoretical presentation of the literature covering this topic was considered. A taxonomy for CRs systems and functional architecture was presented, including technical content, types, classifications, features, utility. The results of this study can be used as a basis for future initiatives in the development and evaluation of these tools in line with existing best practices.

Studiul politicilor publice are un caracter multidisciplinar și aduce la un loc științele economice, cele administrative și teoria deciziei. În prezent accentul este pus pe societatea digitală prin dezvoltarea unui ecosistem pentru cetățeni, administrație și mediul de business, care să realizeze obiective de dezvoltare durabilă și sprijinirea procesului democratic și a drepturilor sociale. Politicile publice răspund și soluționează problemele evidențiate de societate prin intermediul programelor de acțiune coordonate. Articolul prezintă definiții și taxonomia acestor politici cu accent pe digitalizarea administrației, pe instrumentele și tehnicile de luare a deciziei în domeniul politicilor publice, dar și pe metodele și instrumentele de colectare, monitorizare și evaluare a informațiilor, care urmăresc întărirea capacității de obținere și utilizare a datelor pentru o analiză cât mai exactă. Este prezentat portalul e-PP_portal prin intermediul căruia se pot prezenta și derula activităţi specifice legate de politicile publice și anume: definire, analiză, modele, decizie, implementare, monitorizare și evaluare, realizate într-un cadru flexibil şi un mediu colaborativ, uşor accesabil cu care se pot gestiona activităţile de bază în procesul de luare a deciziilor (elaborarea prognozelor, a politicilor, a strategiilor etc.). De asemenea, este prezentat, ca instrument de lucru, un chestionar ce ilustrează studiul percepției cetățenilor asupra transparenței decizionale la nivelul administrației și implicarea în procesul decizional. În paragraful Concluzii este subliniată nevoia implementării serviciilor de e-guvernare pentru cetățeni, colectarea de informații pe baza cărora se argumentează luarea decizei.

Background: This study investigates the relationship between malocclusion and body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters in children. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies from 2010 to 2023 was conducted and 24 cross-sectional studies involving 6199 participants were identified. These studies were categorized into those dealing with body posture (10 studies, 3601 participants), cervical vertebral column and head posture (6 studies, 644 participants), the podal system (5 studies, 1118 participants), and gait (3 studies, 836 participants). Results: Evidence suggests a significant association between malocclusion and body posture, balance, podal system, and gait parameters. Notably, eight studies found a significant relationship between malocclusion and body posture, while five studies identified this relationship with the cervical vertebral column and head posture, five with the podal system, and three with gait parameters. Conclusions: Overall, the quality of evidence was strong for the association between malocclusion and body posture and the podal system and moderate for head posture and gait parameters. These findings offer insights for therapists to design interventions tailored to children with malocclusion based on considerations of body posture, head posture, podal system, and gait parameters, though further longitudinal cohort studies are needed for better predictive understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the SMEs, developing relationships with suppliers is a major concern of procurement specialists. Their selection is considered a delicate problem for the organizations that want a strategic position in the market due to the direct impact on the cash flow and profitability. The process of evaluating and selecting suppliers is rather complicated due to a range of influencing factors, the combination of quantitative and qualitative selection criteria, the number and diversity of suppliers along the supply chain, etc. Managing the green supply chain means managing the flows of funds, information and products between them, in all its stages, in order to find the right balance between the ecological and economic aspects. A challenge for SMEs is the separation of the economic growth from the degradation of the environment due to the varied pressures, of the increasingly strict environmental regulations, but also of increasing the awareness of the consumers and the change of attitude for the purchase of organic products. The article gives an overview of the criteria used as a reference in the issue of supplier evaluation and selection; the MADM model for multi-criteria decision used in the problem of supplier selection is presented; a case study

The topic of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the framework of the internationalization phenomena has often hewed the paths for many conceptual and empirical analyses all the more so as the global environment has pushed smaller actors out of their regular habitat. Issues such as the support of SMEs innovative capabilities, of knowledge sharing mechanisms and collaborative networks via cross-border operations or as the thorough adjustment to the new market conditions have sprung as pivotal concerns for both academics and practitioners interested in business development, performance, innovation and effectiveness from a myriad of perspectives. Giving credit to these research and real-life priorities, the current paper aims to discuss different facets of the SMEs internationalization process, laying emphasis on their internal capabilities and external conditions. The empirical undertaking relies on a secondary data analysis which covers the facts and figures comprised by European official reports. The focus is on the Romanian SMEs internationalization variables which are descriptive of the current state of cross-border dynamics. The findings advance that Romanian entrepreneurs and SMEs have been supported in the recent years by a series of European and national governmental initiatives, yet many additional measures and facilitation instruments are needed to properly improve their overall performance on international markets.

This research is meant to find out the effects of working capital, cash turnover, and cash flow on the current ratio of manufacture companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2016 periods both simultaneous and partial and to find out which one of these independent variables that significant effects to the current ratio of manufacture companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research data tested with testing classical assumptions and use multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the variable working capital has positive and significant effects, cash turnover and cash flow have negative and significant effects on the current ratio in manufacturing companies which are listed in the Indonesian capital market in the 2013-2016 periods.

The generational differences among leaders have progressively captured the attention of both researchers and practitioners interested in their dynamics within the work environment. Many analyses in this respect have been focused on the differences between Millennials (Generation Y) and Generation X members from a personality-centric perspective, the great majority of the examinations revolving around Western research samples. By acknowledging the current state and assuming the calls for further investigations advanced by various researchers, this conceptual and empirical undertaking aims to provide an exploratory outlook on generational differences among Romanian leaders, by employing worldwide reputed research instruments such as the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI), Hogan Development Survey (HDS) and Motives, Values, Preferences Inventory (MVPI). A sample of over 700 subjects was considered in the running of the statistical analyses, thus allowing to draw pertinent conclusions apposite to the envisaged population. Even though statistically significant findings were retrieved on few scales pertaining to the three applied instruments, one key insight advanced by the present endeavor resides in the extension of the scope of the existing literature dedicated to the generational differences from a leadership perspective via the integration of an Eastern European landscape which adds to the evidence in the field and opens up new research challenges for complementary scrutiny.

The right key to an effective marketing activity is not the technique used, it is not the large amount of data but the immediate control of the useful information, knowing the preferences of the customers, the actions of the competition, which are constantly changing. In the information age, this study through ICT means has become a common practice. The article is a theoretical approach that highlights the transformations of information technology in marketing, with focus on the software tools that can be used on the Internet to improve the marketing activity of an organization but also to reduce costs, which is noticeable in the market economy. The paper provides an overview of the techniques and tools used for high performance digital marketing. A presentation of the new trends is included, pointing in fact to the digital transformation of marketing. Also, the electronic marketing course named M&M_e-course is presented; by making use of this course, marketing specialists and students can improve their knowledge.