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A neutron generator is developed using 1-mm-diam spherical deuterated polystyrene targets on a rotating disk irradiated with an ultrahigh-intensity (>1018 W/cm2) diode-pumped laser. It consists of ...

Pellet injection and repetitive laser illumination are key technologies for realizing inertial fusion energy. Numerous studies have been conducted on target suppliers, injectors, and tracking systems for flying pellet engagement. Here we for the first time demonstrate the pellet injection, counter laser beams' engagement and neutron generation. Deuterated polystyrene (CD) bead pellets, after free-falling for a distance of 18 cm at 1 Hz, are successfully engaged by two counter laser beams from a diode-pumped, ultra-intense laser HAMA. The laser energy, pulse duration, wavelength, and the intensity are 0.63 J per beam, 104 fs, and 811 nm, 4.7 × 10(18) W/cm(2), respectively. The irradiated pellets produce D(d,n)(3)He-reacted neutrons with a maximum yield of 9.5 × 10(4)/4π sr/shot. Moreover, the laser is found out to bore a straight channel with 10 μm-diameter through the 1-mm-diameter beads. The results indicate potentially useful technologies and findings for the next step in realizing inertial fusion energy.

The HAMA is 1-Hz fast heating fusion driver pumped by a 10 J second-harmonic of diode-pumped Nd:glass laser: KURE-1. We have upgraded HAMA to realize an implosion of spherical shell target by using a remaining fundamental beam from KURE-1. This beam of 6 J/1 Hz is transported to the current counter irradiation system. The resulting beam includes three pulses in sequence: 2.2 J/15 ns and 0.7 J/300 ps for implosion, and 0.5 J/ 190 fs for heating. We estimate the implosion dynamics from 1-D radiation hydrodynamic code (START- 1D). It indicates a possibility of tailored-pulse implosion by optimizing the beam spot sizes of imploding beams on the target surface. This upgrade leads to a demonstration of repetitive implosion and additional heating of a spherical shell target in accordance with a repetition of laser operation and that of a target injection system.

To construct a unified experimental machine CANDY using a kJ DPSSL driver in the fast-ignition scheme, the Laser for Fast Ignition Experiment (LFEX) at Osaka is used, showing that the laser-driven ions heat the preimploded core of a deuterated polystyrene (CD) shell target from 0.8 keV to 2 keV, resulting in 5 x 108 DD neutrons best ever obtained in the scheme. 4-J/10-Hz DPSSL laser HAMA is for the first time applied to the CD shell implosion- core heating experiments in the fast ignition scheme to yield neutrons and also to a continuous target injection, which yields neutrons of 3 x 105 n/4πsr n/shot.

We have developed the shadowgraph and interferometer with second-harmonic of heating pulses laser to observe target and plasma in highly-repetitive fusion reaction experiments. In the deuterated polystyrene ((C8D8)n double foil experiment, we confirm implosion plasma and plasma collision. In target injection experiment at a 1 Hz rate, we measure the position of the flying deuterated polystyrene beads at the moment of laser pulse illumination and observe the plasma generation by counter-illumination by 0.63 J, 800 nm, and 104 fs laser pulses.

Pellet injection and repetitive laser illumination are key technologies for realizing inertial fusion energy[1-4]. Neutron generator using lasers also requires a repeating pellet target supplier. Here we present the first demonstration of target injection and neutron generation[5]. We injected more than 1300 spherical deuterated polystyrene(C8D8) bead pellet targets during 23 minutes at 1 Hz(Fig. 1). After the pellet targets fell for a distance of 18 cm, we applied the synchronized laser-diode-pumped ultra-intense laser HAMA. The laser intensity at the focal point is 5 x 1018 W/cm2, which is high enough to generate neutrons. As a result of the irradiation, we produced 2.45-MeV DD neutrons. Figure 2 shows the neutron time-of-flight signals detected by plastic scintillators coupled to photomultipliers. The neutron energy was calculated by the time-of-flight method. The maximum neutron yield was 9.5 x 104/4π sr. The result is a step toward fusion power and also suggests possible industrial neutron sources.

An algorithm for heavy ion CT reconstruction from residual range measurement data is presented. The experimental procedure is described, in which an intensifying screen and a TV camera with a micro-channel-plate intensifier were used for the detection of energy deposition profile for the heavy ion /sup 12/C with an initial energy of 400 MeV/u emitted from a HIMAC. A series of projection images of a water phantom with PMMA pipes were experimentally taken for various values of range shifter thickness at each projection angle. From these images the distribution of residual range was obtained and used for reconstruction of the relative stopping power. The spatial resolution of the system was estimated as less than 2 mm.

A Ti : sapphire laser HAMA pumped by a diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is developed to enable a high-repetitive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment to be conducted. To demonstrate a counter-irradiation fast-heating fusion scheme, a 3.8 J, 0.4 ns amplified chirped pulse is divided into four beams: two counter-irradiate a target with intensities of 6 × 1013 W cm−2, and the remaining two are pulse-compressed to 110 fs for heating the imploded target with intensities of 2 × 1017 W cm−2. HAMA contributed to the first demonstration by showing that a 10 J class DPSSL is adaptable to ICF experiments and succeeded in DD neutron generation in the repetition mode. Based on HAMA, we can design and develop an integrated repetitive ICF experiment machine by including target injection and tracking.

Target injection is a key technology to realizing inertial fusion energy. Here we present the first demonstration of target injection and neutron generation. We injected more than 600 spherical deuterated polystyrene (C8D8) bead targets during 10 minutes at 1Hz. After the targets fell for a distance of 18cm, we applied the synchronized laser-diode-pumped ultra-intense laser HAMA and successfully generated neutrons repeatedly. The result is a step toward fusion power and also suggests possible industrial neutron sources.

Yoneyoshi KITAGAWA, Yoshitaka MORI, Osamu KOMEDA, Katsuhiro ISHII, Ryohei HANAYAMA, Kazuhisa FUJITA, Shin-ichiro OKIHARA, Takashi SEKINE1), Nakahiro SATO1), Takashi KURITA1), Toshiyuki KAWASHIMA1), Hirofumi KAN1), Naoki NAKAMURA2), Takuya KONDO2), Manabu FUJINE2), Hirozumi AZUMA3), Tomoyoshi MOTOHIRO3), Tatsumi HIOKI3), Mitsutaka KAKENO3), Yasuhiko NISHIMURA4), Atsushi SUNAHARA5) and Yasuhiko SENTOKU6)

An organic polymer Kapton H film was irradiated with high‐energy (∼MeV) N+2 ions. The specific resistivity of the film irradiated to a dose ∼1017 N/cm2 was estimated to be ∼10−2 Ω cm, which is about 20 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the unirradiated film. With increase of dose, the irradiated region of the film became grayish silver with a remarkable metallic luster. It is suggested that the alterations of the electrical and optical properties of the film result from the decomposition and the subsequent carbonization of the polymer induced by ion irradiation. The properties of the irradiated film are compared with those of the pyrolyzed one.