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The current study uses zinc oxide doping nanoparticles to investigate the radiation shielding properties of bismuth borate glass. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) examined the structural characteristics of the current samples. In contrast, the optical properties were determined based on the absorption spectrum for current samples. Appraisal studies are carried out depending on the simulation capabilities of Phy-X/PSD software in conjunction with MCNP5 to achieve this goal. In addition, the neutron and charged particle shielding properties were evaluated theoretically. All glasses are amorphous, as confirmed by the XRD data, and the FTIR data showed several vibration bands and functional groups. The density showed rising from 5.981 to 6.433 g/cm3 with adding ZnO. The band gap values reduced from 2.831 to 2.091 eV for direct and 3.024 to 2.218 eV for indirect with adding ZnO. The investigations' findings demonstrate a strong agreement between the theoretical and simulation-derived estimates of the mass attenuation coefficient. The relative difference of MAC results lie in the range 0.106–2.941% for BBZ0, 0.105–4.348% for BBZ1, 0.105–3.398% for BBZ2, and 0.105–2.032% for BBZ3. The study's findings are valuable insights from thoroughly examining these parameters, which can potentially improve the radiation protection abilities of Bi2O3–B2O3–ZnO glasses. This study represents a significant step in developing more efficient and safer materials for gamma radiation shielding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study utilized instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to accurately analyze the elemental composition of 28 felsite (rhyolite), rock samples. Statistical approaches, including bivariate and multivariate analysis, were employed to characterize the rocks and determine their origin. Major findings include significantly high levels of silicon (297000 ± 4000) mg/kg and low levels were noticed for gold (0.10 ± 0.01) mg/kg. The dominant major elements in the rocks were ranked as follows: silicon > aluminum > potassium > sodium > zirconium > calcium > zinc > manganese. A comparison with the upper continental crust (UCC) revealed higher levels for most elements, except for a few. The study also identified substantial amounts of uranium and thorium. Variations in elemental composition were observed both between different profiles and within felsite (rhyolite) rock samples, indicating heterogeneity and varying origins of the rocks. The findings contribute valuable baseline data for the area and highlight its economic significance for Egypt. Additionally, the study addresses the integration of results from different analytical methods, providing a comprehensive answer to this issue., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objectives: The corona pandemic affects many aspects of life - with challenges in medical treatment undoubtedly of paramount importance. However, continuing medical education needs to be consistently provided. During a semester with lockdown-phases and limited student-to-patient-contact availability, we supplied silicone models of primary skin lesions to every student and asked them to evaluate this teaching tool., Methods: In two anonymous online surveys, we asked students enrolled in dermatology (n = 222) at the Medical Facility of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in the winter semester 2020/2021 - subsequent to online teaching - about their understanding and self-assessment of primary skin lesions before and after receiving silicone models for practice. The models were produced by layering different types of silicone into negative 3D printed molds made from polylactide to attain different degrees of hardness and colors., Results: Data from 211 (95.0 %) and 213 (95.9 %) of the 222 students were analyzed before and after receiving the silicone models, respectively. In all questions the students stated a highly significant improvement in their skills (P < 0.001). The majority of students evaluated the silicone models positively and reported a better understanding and learning of primary skin lesions., Conclusions: This study demonstrates the benefit of haptic experience in dermatology teaching not only in the time of COVID-19, but also thereafter., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft.)

Hintergrund und Ziele: Die Corona-Pandemie betrifft eine Fülle von verschiedenen Lebensaspekten - Herausforderungen in der medizinischen Behandlung sind hier unzweifelhaft von höchster Wichtigkeit. Allerdings muss auch, um die Ausbildung von Studierenden zu gewährleisten, fortlaufende medizinische Lehre stattfinden. Während eines Semesters mit Lockdown-Phasen und eingeschränktem Patientenkontakt für die Studierenden schickten wir jedem Studierenden ein Silikonmodell zu und baten um die Evaluation dieses Lernwerkzeugs. Methoden: Mittels zweier vollständig und irreversibel anonymisierter Online-Fragebögen befragten wir Studierende des Dermatologie-Semesters (n  =  222) an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in München im Wintersemester 2020/2021 - anschließend an Online-Lehre - zu ihrem Verständnis und der Eigeneinschätzung zu Primäreffloreszenzen vor und nach Erhalt der Silikonübungsmodelle. Diese wurden durch Schichtung verschiedener Silikontypen in negative 3D-Polylactid-Formen hergestellt, um bestimmte Festigkeiten und Farben darzustellen. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden Fragebögen von 211 (95,0 %) und 213 (95,9 %) der 222 Studierenden analysiert, jeweils vor und nach dem Erhalt der Silikonmodelle. Die Studierenden gaben eine statistisch signifikante Zunahme ihrer Fähigkeiten an (P < 0,001). Ein Großteil der Studierenden evaluierte die Silikonmodelle positiv und berichtete von einem besseren Verständnis und Lernen der Primäreffloreszenzen. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Lehrstudie zeigt die Vorzüge der haptischen Erfahrung in der dermatologischen Lehre auf - nicht nur in Zeiten von COVID-19, sondern auch danach., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft.)

Down syndrome (DS) is the commonest genetic disorder and more liable for recurrent infections. We aimed to determine the differences in lymphocyte subgroups between DS children and the healthy population and to study the pattern and likelihood for recurrent infections and hospital admission due to infection. Our study was carried out in the Genetic Unit of Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt. The study enrolled 150 DS (DS group) and 100 controls (CG group). They were assessed for recurrent infections (including tonsillitis, otitis media [OM], pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections [URTI], sinusitis, and gastroenteritis [GE]) and hospital admission due to infections. All patients were subjected to complete blood count and flow cytometric analysis for expression markers of B lymphocytes (CD19), natural killer (NK) cells (CD56), and T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4 and CD8). We found a statistically significant increase in the frequency of URTIs and sinusitis, OM, pneumonia, and hospital admission in the DS group. As regards the type of recurrent infection in DS, it was highest for URTIs and sinusitis. For age groups below 13 years, a statistically significant decrease in all studied CD markers was found in the DS group, while for the 13-18-year-olds, a statistically significant decrease was found in CD4, CD19, and CD56 in the DS group. Non-significant correlations were found between CD markers and recurrent infection and hospital admission. We concluded that lymphocyte subgroups that carry CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD56 were decreased in DS. Recurrent infections and hospital admission are still striking feature for DS but are not significantly correlated with lymphocyte subgroups., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Background: In 1957, Dr Geoffrey Osborne described a structure between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon that placed excessive pressure on the ulnar nerve. Three terms associated with such structures have emerged: Osborne's band, Osborne's ligament, and Osborne's fascia. As anatomical language moves away from eponymous terminology for descriptive, consistent nomenclature, we find discrepancies in the use of anatomic terms. This review clarifies the definitions of the above 3 terms., Methods: We conducted an extensive electronic search via PubMed and Google Scholar to identify key anatomical and surgical texts that describe ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. We searched the following terms separately and in combination: "Osborne's band," "Osborne's ligament," and "Osborne's fascia." A total of 36 papers were included from 1957 to 2016., Results: Osborne's band, Osborne's ligament, and Osborne's fascia were found to inconsistently describe the etiology of ulnar neuritis, referring either to the connective tissue between the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle as described by Dr Osborne or to the anatomically distinct fibrous tissue between the olecranon process of the ulna and the medial epicondyle of the humerus., Conclusions: The use of eponymous terms to describe ulnar pathology of the elbow remains common, and although these terms allude to the rich history of surgical anatomy, these nonspecific descriptions lead to inconsistencies. As Osborne's band, Osborne's ligament, and Osborne's fascia are not used consistently across the literature, this research demonstrates the need for improved terminology to provide reliable interpretation of these terms among surgeons.