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Objectives: To retrospectively review 14 cases, describe preoperative imaging, anatomic findings and confirmation at surgery, surgical technique, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: We describe anatomic variations in mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return and surgical outcomes in a case series from 2 centers. Mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return is classified based on the pattern of pulmonary venous drainage. Type I refers to ‘2+2’ drainage of venous pairs, type II refers to ‘3+1’ and type III refers to all other variants. Six patients (43%) had type I “2+2” drainage; 2 patients had 2 supra-cardiac and 2 cardiac connections, and 4 patients had 2 infra-cardiac connections and 2 cardiac. 4 patients (29%) had type II “3+1” drainage. Three patients had 3 cardiac and 1 supra-cardiac variants and one had a rare supra-cardiac pulmonary venous combination. 4 patients (29%) had type III morphology. 2 patients of them had 3+2 anatomy with 3 supra-cardiac and 2 cardiac connections, both of which included 3 right-sided pulmonary veins. The remaining 2 patients had unique anatomy, one with tri-level attachment to cardiac, supra-cardiac, and infra-cardiac and the last with all supracardiac pulmonary venous drainage but in a “3+1+1” pattern. Results: In previous publications, mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return has a higher mortality rate, with univariate analysis of mixed-type versus cardiac type with statistically significant hazard ratios of 2.88 in previous study and mortality as high as 42-50%. We achieved improved outcomes, with overall survival of 79% and no intraoperative mortality. Both patients who had complex intracardiac lesions (1 with ventricular septal defect and 1 with tetralogy of fallot) ultimately died. Of the remaining patients, 29% developed pulmonary venous obstruction on echocardiography follow-up with 3 requiring interventions with cardiac catheterization. Conclusion: Mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return has a wide variety of connections, which contributes to the complexity of planning and surgical correction. Further studies are needed to better understand the different morphologies of the disease.

Objectives To retrospectively review 14 cases, describe preoperative imaging, anatomic findings and confirmation at surgery, surgical technique, and outcomes. Materials and Methods We describe anatomic variations in mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return and surgical outcomes in a case series from 2 centers. Mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return is classified based on the pattern of pulmonary venous drainage. Type I refers to '2+2' drainage of venous pairs, type II refers to '3+1' and type III refers to all other variants. Six patients (43%) had type I "2+2" drainage; 2 patients had 2 supra-cardiac and 2 cardiac connections, and 4 patients had 2 infra-cardiac connections and 2 cardiac. 4 patients (29%) had type II "3+1" drainage. Three patients had 3 cardiac and 1 supra-cardiac variants and one had a rare supra-cardiac pulmonary venous combination. 4 patients (29%) had type III morphology. 2 patients of them had 3+2 anatomy with 3 supra-cardiac and 2 cardiac connections, both of which included 3 right-sided pulmonary veins. The remaining 2 patients had unique anatomy, one with tri-level attachment to cardiac, supra-cardiac, and infra-cardiac and the last with all supracardiac pulmonary venous drainage but in a "3+1+1" pattern. Results In previous publications, mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return has a higher mortality rate, with univariate analysis of mixed-type versus cardiac type with statistically significant hazard ratios of 2.88 in previous study and mortality as high as 42-50%. We achieved improved outcomes, with overall survival of 79% and no intraoperative mortality. Both patients who had complex intracardiac lesions (1 with ventricular septal defect and 1 with tetralogy of fallot) ultimately died. Of the remaining patients, 29% developed pulmonary venous obstruction on echocardiography follow-up with 3 requiring interventions with cardiac catheterization. Conclusion Mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return has a wide variety of connections, which contributes to the complexity of planning and surgical correction. Further studies are needed to better understand the different morphologies of the disease. Keywords:Mixed type, outcome, surgical management, total anomalous pulmonary venous return: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first define the pseudo-circular evolute of a lightcone framed curve in the Lorentz–Minkowski 3-space, and show that the pseudo-circular evolute of a lightcone framed curve can be seen as a generalization of the circular evolute of a framed curve without type changing. We also define an involute of a lightcone framed curve, and study the duality relations between involutes and pseudo-circular evolutes. Moreover, we study the pseudo-circular evolutes and involutes with respect to a lightcone circle frame, and investigate the relationship with respect to a projection map. Meanwhile, examples are given for explaining the objects we investigated, which also show a certain physical significance of our investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are concerned with the Riemann problem for the isentropic Euler equations of mixed type in the dark energy fluid. This system is non-strictly hyperbolic on the boundary curve of elliptic and hyperbolic regions. We obtain the unique admissible shock waves by utilizing the viscosity criterion. Assuming fixed left states are in the elliptic and hyperbolic regions, respectively, we construct the unique Riemann solution for the mixed-type models with the initial right state in some feasible regions. Finally, we present numerical simulations which are consistent with our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a nonlightlike nondegenerate regular curve, we have the arc-length parameter and the Frenet-Serret type formula by using a moving frame like a regular space curve in the Euclidean space. If a point of the curve moves between spacelike and timelike regions, then there is a lightlike point. In this paper, we consider mixed types of not only regular curves but also curves with singular points. In order to consider mixed type of curves with singular points, we introduce a frame, so-called the lightcone frame, and lightcone framed curves. We investigate differential geometric properties of lightcone framed curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of East China University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of East China University of Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corrosion protection efficiency of gum exudates of Astragalus genus (AG) on mild steel surface in 1N HCl medium was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements. The results show that AG acts as an effective green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 1N HCl and their inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration. Tafel's measurements showed that AG behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor with a predominant cathodic character. The impedance parameters confirm that AG is adsorbed in the form of a protective film on the mild steel surface. The DFT theory at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) basis set level was also performed for the identification of active constituents of AG to investigate the correlation between their molecular structure and corrosion protection efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the distribution of electric potential in a circular cylinder containing a circular disk whose center is not on that of the cylinder. By satisfying the boundary conditions on the disk and the surface of the cylinder, an integral equation is obtained for the solution of the problem. It is shown that this integral equation reduces to the known Fredholm integral equation of the second kind when the disk is coaxial with the cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundFew studies showed that mixed type early gastric cancer (EGC) relates to higher risk of lymph node metastasis. We aimed to explore the clinicopathological feature of GC according to different proportions of undifferentiated components (PUC) and develop a nomogram to predict status of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in EGC lesions.MethodsClinicopathological data of the 4,375 patients who underwent surgically resection for gastric cancer in our center were retrospectively evaluated and finally 626 cases were included. We classified mixed type lesions into five groups (M1:0% 0.05).ConclusionPUC level should be considered as one of the predicting risk factors of LNM in EGC. A nomogram that predicts the risk of LNM in EGC was developed.

[Display omitted] • Cocous nucifera gum acts as an effective eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. • The extract of CNG achieved a maximum efficiency of 82.15 % (EIS experiments) at 4000 ppm of CNG at 308 K. • EIS investigations demonstrated that corrosion is regulated by charge transfer. • Metal surfaces adsorb the inhibitors according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. • SEM and AFM images demonstrated inhibitor adsorption on metal surfaces. The study of corrosion inhibition on mild steel (MS) in an acid medium (1 M HCl) solution was performed using a crude extract of Cocousnucifera gum (CNG). Cocousnucifera develops gum exudates on its palm, the exudate process occurs mainly after some physical or microbiological injuries and is formed on the fruit of the palm. The gum was utilized to study the corrosion inhibition of MS by electrochemical and surface studies. The characterization of the crude gum was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) which revealed the presence of several active components (aromatic and oxygen-containing functional groups) in its structure. The electrochemical studies resulted in the maximum inhibition efficiency value of 75.64 % at the highest inhibitor concentration of 4000 ppm at 308 K. It was inferred that both the anodic dissolution of the metal and cathodic hydrogen evolution were effectively decreased in the presence of Cocous nucifera gum extract, revealing that inhibitor is of mixed type. From the adsorption studies, it was found that the best fit with R 2 ∼ 0.9 followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm indicating the monolayer adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface. Gibb's free energy of adsorption values was found <−20 kJ/mol, a characteristic of predominant physical adsorption. To support the electrochemical data SEM (scanning electron microscopy), AFM (Atomic force microscopy), and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed and these are in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel mixed type RIPK1 inhibitors. • Installation of a rigid acetylene moiety enhanced the activity. • Our inhibitor showed promising in vivo results. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) has a crucial role in cell death and inflammation. A promising approach to develop novel inhibitors of RIPK1 mediated necroptosis is to mix the different binding modes of the known RIPK1 inhibitors into one molecule. Herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel mixed type inhibitors. Using Eclitasertib as a starting point, and applying our previous, published knowledge regarding cyclic malonamides, we successfully identified a library of active compounds. The active enantiomer of the most balanced and promising compound was subjected to pharmacokinetics and in vivo hypothermia study in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use the contraction mapping theorem to obtain asymptotic stability results about the zero solution for a nonlinear neutral mixed type Levin-Nohel integro-differential equation. An asymptotic stability theorem with a necessary and sufficient condition is proved. An example is also given to illustrate our main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Central or mixed apneas may accompany obstructive apneas in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome (OSAS). There is scant evidence about the potential impact of mixed apneas on the therapy modalities. Here, apneas/hypopnoeas’ central and/or mixed effects on the positive airway pressure (PAP) modes chosen to be effective in patients with OSAS were evaluated.Materials and Methods:Patients who underwent a whole night polysomnography within last 2 years in our Sleep and Disorders Unit were consecutively examined. The patients included were those diagnosed with OSAS associated with central and/or mixed apneas. To determine the effective PAP modes, a second night polysomnography for titration was performed in these patients.Results:A total of 70 patients were included in the study, wherein 55 (78.6%) were males, with a mean age of 55.4±11.7 years. Continuous mode PAP (CPAP) therapy was effective in 60 patients (85.7%, group 1), whereas other modes (as BPAP-ST/ASV) were needed in 10 patients (14.3%, group 2). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of gender, age or comorbid diseases (p=0.314, p=0.193 and p=0.081, respectively). Although BPAP-ST/ASV mode was needed in the presence of central apneas (p=0.039), CPAP mode was effective in OSAS patients with mixed apneas (p=0.055).Conclusion:The results showed that gender, age or comorbid conditions did not play a significant role in the determination of effective PAP mode. Mixed type abnormal respiratory events differed from central apneas/hypopnoeas as they did not require the use of BPAP-ST/ASV mode, and CPAP mode was effective enough in OSAS patients that manifested mixed type abnormal respiratory events.

We are concerned with free boundary problems arising from the analysis of multidimensional transonic shock waves for the Euler equations in compressible fluid dynamics. In this expository paper, we survey some recent developments in the analysis of multidimensional transonic shock waves and corresponding free boundary problems for the compressible Euler equations and related nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) of mixed type. The nonlinear PDEs under our analysis include the steady Euler equations for potential flow, the steady full Euler equations, the unsteady Euler equations for potential flow, and related nonlinear PDEs of mixed elliptic--hyperbolic type. The transonic shock problems include the problem of steady transonic flow past solid wedges, the von Neumann problem for shock reflection--diffraction, and the Prandtl--Meyer problem for unsteady supersonic flow onto solid wedges. We first show how these longstanding multidimensional transonic shock problems can be formulated as free boundary problems for the compressible Euler equations and related nonlinear PDEs of mixed type. Then we present an effective nonlinear method and related ideas and techniques to solve these free boundary problems. The method, ideas, and techniques should be useful to analyze other longstanding and newly emerging free boundary problems for nonlinear PDEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of 13 patients with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and propose another classification for mixed TAPVC. Methods A retrospective review of 13 patients with mixed TAPVC undergoing repair at a single institution was conducted between January 2010 and November 2019. The diagnosis of mixed-type TAPVC was made in all patients using echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. According to the mixed TAPVC anatomy, there were 3 patients with type I TAPVC (2 + 2 veins), 10 patients with type II TAPVC (3 + 1 veins) and no patients with type III TAPVC. Correspondingly, there was 1 patient with the “SVC + VV” subtype, 2 patients with the “CS + C” subtype, 8 patients with the “CS + VV” subtype, 1 patient with the “CS + SVC” subtype and 1 patient with the “RA + SVC” subtype according to our classification system. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Results The median weight at surgery was 4.6 ± 1.0 kg (3.4–7.3 kg), and the median age at surgery was 96.2 ± 81.2 days (10–242 days). The median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 132.7 ± 25.1 min (range, 100 to 190 min). The cross-clamping time was 69.2 ± 14.4 min (range, 45 to 88 min). The hospital mortality rate was 7.7% (1 of 13), with late mortality occurring in 1 patient because of pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) 7 months after surgery. The average follow-up after surgery was 3.4 ± 2.2 years (range, 5 months to 8 years). The survival rates at 3 and 5 years were both 90.9% ± 8.7% (95% CI: 73.8–108%). All remaining surviving patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion Mixed TAPVC can be repaired with good results in children and can be correctly diagnosed with echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. The classification system we propose is pragmatic and can guide the surgical approach.

Copyright of Gyermekgyógyászat is the property of Semmelweis Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is a rare breast malignancy with a large extracellular mucin secretion. It has a good prognosis in comparison to other breast malignancies. Case presentation: We report a 32 years old female with multiple hard palpable masses in the left breast with rapid growth in 6 months. She was mentally retarded with lower limb varicose veins associated with mucocutaneous lesions on the face. She underwent ultrasound examination of the breast, thyroid and lower extremity veins. Core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration from left breast lesions and right thyroid nodules showed MC and follicular lesion with hurtle cell change, respectively. Suspected metastasis in the left rib and calvarium in the subsequent bone scan survey and brain magnetic resonance imaging was reported. She underwent radical mastectomy and right hemi-thyroidectomy. Conclusion: Pure mucinous carcinoma with micropapillary pattern (MUMPC) is a new histology variant of Pure Mucinous Carcinoma (PMC) that shows favorable prognosis with less aggression and occurs in older patients. However, PMC in our patient occurred at a young age with greater aggression.

Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are malignant neoplasm arising from the basal layer of epidermis, seen almost exclusively on hair-bearing areas of skin. There are many clinical and histopathological variants in BCC. The tumor commonly seen at the site of excessive sun exposure. It is a locally invasive tumor with rare metastasis. The most common site for the development of morphoeic BCC is over the face. Clinically, morphoeic BCC presents as morphea such as sclerotic plaque and histopathologically as densely hyalinized stroma with angulated strands of neoplastic basaloid cells. Ulceration of the lesion is uncommon in this type. We report a case of morphoeic BCC, an unusual tumor variant occurring over the back.

This paper concerns the structural stability of smooth cylindrically symmetric transonic flows in a concentric cylinder. Both cylindrical and axi-symmetric perturbations are considered. The governing system here is of mixed elliptic–hyperbolic and changes type and the suitable formulation of boundary conditions at the boundaries is of great importance. First, we establish the existence and uniqueness of smooth cylindrical transonic spiral solutions with nonzero angular velocity and vorticity which are close to the background transonic flow with small perturbations of the Bernoulli's function and the entropy at the outer cylinder and the flow angles at both the inner and outer cylinders independent of the symmetric axis, and it is shown that in this case, the sonic points of the flow are nonexceptional and noncharacteristically degenerate, and form a cylindrical surface. Second, we also prove the existence and uniqueness of axi-symmetric smooth transonic rotational flows which are adjacent to the background transonic flow, whose sonic points form an axi-symmetric surface. The key elements in our analysis are to utilize the deformation-curl decomposition for the steady Euler system to deal with the hyperbolicity in subsonic regions and to find an appropriate multiplier for the linearized second-order mixed type equations which are crucial to identify the suitable boundary conditions and to yield the important basic energy estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to find the association of mixed-type histology and prognosis of T2/T3 GC patients. Eligible T2/T3 gastric cancer patients at our institution were identified. The histological types and risk factors affecting OS were examined. Survival differences were assessed by log-rank tests and Kaplan–Meier curves. The study identified 972 T2/T3 gastric cancer patients, including 283 differentiated-type patients, 544 undifferentiated-type patients and 145 mixed type. Mixed-type histology was associated with shorter 5-year OS (DT vs UDT vs MT:57.5% vs 44.9% vs 39.6%, P = 0.002). MT histology can be predictive for prognosis of T2/T3 GC patients (HR for OS: 1.386, 95% CI: 1.028–1.868, P = 0.032), and its malignant potential is not inferior to UDT. In the subgroup analysis, MT can potentially be independent risk factor for non-distal GC patients (P = 0.010). This study reported that mixed histology could be regarded as a potential prognostic factor for T2/T3 gastric cancer patients, especially for those with non-distal cancer. MT patients have higher incidence of metastasis and recurrence and had poorer prognosis than those with pure histological type. It is necessary for MT patients to have preoperative pathological examination for accurate histologic classification, so as to make the comprehensive treatment strategies.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mucinous carcinoma (MC) is a rare breast malignancy with a large extracellular mucin secretion. It has a good prognosis in comparison to other breast malignancies. Case presentation:We report a 32 years old female with multiple hard palpable masses in the left breast with rapid growth in 6 months. She was mentally retarded with lower limb varicose veins associated with mucocutaneous lesions on the face. She underwent ultrasound examination of the breast, thyroid and lower extremity veins. Core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration from left breast lesions and right thyroid nodules showed MC and follicular lesion with hurtle cell change, respectively. Suspected metastasis in the left rib and calvarium in the subsequent bone scan survey and brain magnetic resonance imaging was reported. She underwent radical mastectomy and right hemi-thyroidectomy. Conclusion: Pure mucinous carcinoma with micropapillary pattern (MUMPC) is a new histology variant of Pure Mucinous Carcinoma (PMC) that shows favorable prognosis with less aggression and occurs in older patients. However, PMC in our patient occurred at a young age with greater aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH) is a reactive pseudoneoplastic proliferation of endothelial cells. They are typically well-circumscribed, indolent lesions and curable by complete excision. Description: We present a four-year-old girl with post traumatic scalp swelling, clinically considered to be a capillary hemangioma. Computed tomography revealed a 3.3 × 1.5 cm scalp mass with erosion of outer table and diploic space of the occipital calvarial bone, suggesting a vascular or soft tissue tumor. Histologically it was a PEH within a hemangioma. Literature Review: PEH presenting as a scalp swelling with bone erosion has only been reported thrice in the literature. Conclusion: Scalp PEH with skull bone defect can affect the pediatric age group. Bone erosion is not stage dependent; it can occur in the early stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are concerned with a two-dimensional Riemann problem for the pressure gradient system that is a hyperbolic system of conservation laws. The Riemann initial data consist of four constant states in four sectorial regions such that two shocks and two vortex sheets are generated between the adjacent states. The solutions keep the four constant states and four planar waves outside the outer sonic circle in the self-similar coordinates, while the two shocks keep planar until meeting the outer sonic circle at two different points and then generate a diffracted shock to connect these points, whose location is apriori unknown. Then the problem can be formulated as a free boundary problem, in which the diffracted transonic shock is the one-phase free boundary to connect the two points, while the other part of the sonic circle forms a fixed boundary. We establish the global existence of a solution and the optimal Lipschitz regularity of both the diffracted shock across the two points and the solution across the outer sonic boundary. Then this Riemann problem is solved globally, whose solution contains two vortex sheets and one global shock containing the two originally separated shocks generated by the Riemann data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim of the Study: The morphological heterogeneity of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in mixed type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) has important implications in preoperative diagnosis and surgical repair resulting in high mortality in these patients. Methods: A retrospective review of 14 patients with mixed type TAPVC undergoing biventricular repair between January 2012 and December 2019 was conducted. A descriptive analysis was done, highlighting the anatomic variation, diagnostic and surgical approach, and surgical outcomes in these patients. Results: The most common anatomic pattern was "3 by 1" (79%) followed by "2 by 2" (21%). The correct diagnosis by transthoracic echocardiography was made in 10 (71%) of the 14 patients. In contrast, preoperative computed tomographic (CT) angiography was performed in 10 patients and correct diagnosis was obtained in 8 (80%) of them. Pulmonary venous obstruction was seen in one patient before surgery. The in‐hospital mortality was 14% (2/14). Four patients had pulmonary hypertensive crisis in the postoperative period. The average follow‐up was 54 ± 27 months (range: 17–98 months) after surgical repair, and all surviving patients were asymptomatic. There was no late death. No clinically apparent sequelae were seen in six patients in whom isolated left superior pulmonary vein drainage was left uncorrected. Conclusion: An accurate diagnosis of anatomic pattern in mixed type TAPVC can be difficult to establish in all the patients before surgery. Detailed intraoperative assessment, individualized surgical approach, and aggressive perioperative management may reduce surgical mortality. Operative survivors have good midterm outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coexistence of different histopathological types of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in the same anatomical localisation is rare, and, therefore, is engaging for histopathologists and clinicians. In many cases, the determination of a neoplasm type remains difficult, since BCC may consist of more than one histopathological subtype. Mixed BCCs often present with an aggressive course and recurrence when compared to other subtypes of a tumour. Furthermore, tumours of this type are associated with time-consuming treatment and not a very satisfactory cosmetic result, thus worsening the quality of the patient's life. Several clinical studies have been published regarding the histopathologically diverse tumours developed in the same anatomical region; however, largely peculiarities of mixed BCCs are not explored sufficiently. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the use of dermoscopy and morphology, assessing mixed type BCC of the head and neck. The tumours were removed with a surgical excision of 1 cm margins, and the tumour sites were assessed in a 24-month-long follow-up period. The dermoscopic characteristics of mixed and aggressive BCC are analysed in this study. Finally, to better estimate the invading cone of the tumour, a complex morphology, which included collagen type IV and podoplanin immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare tumor, but it is the most common primary liver malignancy in children and comprised of approximately 1% of all pediatric malignancies. Mostly, this tumor is sporadic in nature but can show a syndrome association. Upregulation in Wnt/β-catenin pathway can be there in 70-80% cases of HB. Most often present as abdominal mass and has a raised alpha-fetoprotein levels. Distant metastasis usually occurs in the lungs. HB is classified into 2 broad categories: epithelial and mesenchymal type. The majority of HB are epithelial type. The HB must be distinguished from focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma, while small-cell undifferentiated HB from the malignant rhabdoid tumor. The histomorphology and immunohistochemistry are essential for the diagnosis of different HB. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery is the mainstay of the treatment. The 2 well-established prognostic factors of HB are stage and histological type. Herein, we report a case series of common and rare histological variants of HB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present some new sufficient conditions for oscillation of even order nonlinear neutral difference equation of the form \[\Delta^m(x_n+ax_{n-\tau_1}+bx_{n+\tau_2})+p_nx_{n-\sigma_1}^{\alpha}+q_nx_{n+\sigma_2}^{\beta}=0,\quad n\geq n_0\gt0,\] where \(m\geq 2\) is an even integer, using arithmetic-geometric mean inequality. Examples are provided to illustrate the main results.

Objective To investigate the regularity of lymph node metastasis in mixed early gastric cancer and its effect on long-term prognosis. Methods Eighty-seven patients with mixed early gastric cancer admitted to Suzhou Jiulong Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2014 to January 2016 were selected as the research objects. All patients received surgery. The patients were followed up to observe the overall survival time (OS) and the regularity of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer and the effect of lymph node metastasis on OS were analyzed. Results 　Among the 87 patients with mixed early gastric cancer, 20 had lymph node metastasis and 67 had no metastasis. The lymph node metastasis rate was 22.99%. Patients with lymph node metastasis had higher tumor diameter, lymphatic involvement rate, submucosal ratio, and ulcer type than those with non-lymph node metastasis, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the depth of infiltration, lymphatic involvement, and tumor size were the influencing factors of lymph node metastasis in Mixed group (P < 0.05). The follow-up time was 48～72 months. The average follow-up time was (62.8 ± 4.8) months. Six patients were lost to follow-up. The 3-year survival rate was 90.1%, and the 5-year survival rate was 86.4%. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test showed that the survival time of patients with lymph node metastasis was shorter than that of patients with non-lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Cox analysis showed that lymphatic involvement, lymph node metastasis, vascular involvement, and depth of invasion were independent factors affecting the survival of patients with mixed early gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusions Lymph node metastasis rate of mixed early gastric cancer is high. Patients with large tumor diameter, submucosa, and lymphatic involvement have an increased risk of lymph node metastasis. Patients with lymph node metastasis have a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tubercular infection can occur in various organs and tissues; however, abdominal tuberculosis is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis after tubercular lymphadenitis. The treatment strategies and surgical indications for different types of abdominal tuberculosis are also not illustrated. This study aimed to create a classification scheme to guide the treatment strategy. The data of abdominal tuberculosis patients admitted to Shaanxi Tuberculosis Hospital from December 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed. All diagnosed abdominal tuberculosis cases were classified into the following 4 types, according to the LIP classification system: lymphatic type (type-L), intestinal type (type-I), peritoneum type (type-P), and mixed type. The differences in medical cure rate, surgical cure rate, postoperative complication rate, and mortality between the patients were compared. The medical cure rate of type-P was the highest of all 4 types (91.7%). The intra-abdominal adhesion of type-I abdominal tuberculosis was milder than those of the other types; hence, laparoscopic surgery can be considered. The incidence of postoperative complications of the mixed type was the highest of the 4 types at 22.7%. The mortality rate of type-L was the highest of the 4 types at 20%. In total, 3 of the 4 deceased mixed patients were found to have L-type abdominal tuberculosis. There were significant differences in the cure rate, complication rate, and mortality rate among the 4 types. The χ2 values were 38.895, 8.253, and 8.601, respectively. The P values were < 0.001, 0.023, and 0.013, respectively. The LIP classification can guide the treatment of abdominal tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with ascending type (type A), descending type (type D), and mixed type (type AD) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in non‐endemic areas. Materials and methods: The cohort included 628 patients diagnosed with type A, type D, and type AD of NPC between January 2009 and December 2014. Type A was defined as T3‐4 N0‐1, type D as T0‐1 N2‐3, and type AD as T3‐4 N2‐3. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance clinical factors and match patients. Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the impact of different NPC types on survival outcomes. Results: There were 145 patients with type A, 194 with type D, and 289 with type AD. However, after PSM, there were only 130 patients with each type. Compared with patients with type A, those with type D had lower 5‐year disease‐specific survival (96.9% vs 91.5%) and distant metastasis‐free survival (92.3% vs 77.7%) and higher local relapse‐free survival (88.5% vs 96.9%) (p < 0.05 for all). Patients with type AD may have an increased risk of disease progression (progression‐free survival, 56.9% vs 74.6% and 66.2%) and death (overall survival [OS], 76.9% vs 85.4% and 85.4%) (p < 0.05 for all) compared to patients with the other two types of tumors. We further analyzed the metastasis trend. Similar metastasis patterns were observed in types AD and D, and types AD and A had similar recurrence trends. The mortality rate of patients with types AD and D in the first 3 years after metastasis was remarkably higher than that of patients with type A. Conclusions: In non‐endemic areas of China, metastases and recurrence patterns differed across tumor types. Type AD has the worst OS, and the clinical process is more radical. Type D has a lower recurrence rate, higher metastasis, and disease‐related mortality rates, and poorer prognosis after metastasis than type A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, its prevalence continuing to grow, partially due to the aging of population. This neurodegenerative disease process is characterized, classically, by the histopathological hallmark of β-amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Frequently, concomitantly with the neurodegenerative pathology, a cerebrovascular pathology is associated. The clinical diagnosis may be difficult, but diagnostic methods have been introduced and have been proven to be accurate in supporting the clinical diagnosis. On the other hand, given the advanced age of patients, the increased degree of comorbidity with other chronic medical conditions, but also the possible drug interactions raise a number of issues related to the tolerability and safety of drugs used in the treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of 13 patients with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and propose another classification for mixed TAPVC.Methods: A retrospective review of 13 patients with mixed TAPVC undergoing repair at a single institution was conducted between January 2010 and November 2019. The diagnosis of mixed-type TAPVC was made in all patients using echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. According to the mixed TAPVC anatomy, there were 3 patients with type I TAPVC (2 + 2 veins), 10 patients with type II TAPVC (3 + 1 veins) and no patients with type III TAPVC. Correspondingly, there was 1 patient with the "SVC + VV" subtype, 2 patients with the "CS + C" subtype, 8 patients with the "CS + VV" subtype, 1 patient with the "CS + SVC" subtype and 1 patient with the "RA + SVC" subtype according to our classification system. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.Results: The median weight at surgery was 4.6 ± 1.0 kg (3.4-7.3 kg), and the median age at surgery was 96.2 ± 81.2 days (10-242 days). The median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 132.7 ± 25.1 min (range, 100 to 190 min). The cross-clamping time was 69.2 ± 14.4 min (range, 45 to 88 min). The hospital mortality rate was 7.7% (1 of 13), with late mortality occurring in 1 patient because of pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) 7 months after surgery. The average follow-up after surgery was 3.4 ± 2.2 years (range, 5 months to 8 years). The survival rates at 3 and 5 years were both 90.9% ± 8.7% (95% CI: 73.8-108%). All remaining surviving patients were asymptomatic.Conclusion: Mixed TAPVC can be repaired with good results in children and can be correctly diagnosed with echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. The classification system we propose is pragmatic and can guide the surgical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is easy to notice the great recent development in the oscillation theory of neutral differential equations. The primary aim of this work is to extend this development to neutral differential equations of mixed type (including both delay and advanced terms). In this work, we consider the second-order non-canonical neutral differential equations of mixed type and establish a new single-condition criterion for the oscillation of all solutions. By using a different approach and many techniques, we obtain improved oscillation criteria that are easy to apply on different models of equations.

A 3 year old girl presented initially with acute severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis diagnosed by clinical features including a positive Cullen's sign and raised serum amylase. A contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan corroborated the same and also reported a type I choledochal cyst. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) 2 months later reported a type II choledochal cyst and a persistent pseudo pancreatic cyst. Intraoperative features and close perusal of the CECT and MRCP films showed the presence of mixed type I and II choledochal cyst. The case is reported for the presence of Cullen's sign, CECT and MRCP features of a mixed type I and II choledochal cyst and successful surgical outcome. It appears to be only the fifth case of mixed type I and II choledochal cyst in world literature in the pediatric age group, following the 4 previous cases in children reported from Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let T be a time scale which is unbounded above and below and such that to ∈ T. The objective of this work is to study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a neutral mixed type dynamic equation on a time scale. The results obtained here extend the work of Bicer [9]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the main types of class schemes of modem society in Western sociology. Class compatibility with society individualization is shown, to which a variety of sociologists addresses to deny the concept of classes. Authors of class schemes rehabilitate the concept “class” and state the class polarization in society. There are three class schemes: dual, plural and mixed. Some of the authors’ ideas of class schemes are objectionable. This concerns understanding of the precariat as a class. Critics of this approach help clarify the class concept and class structure outlines of modern Western society. Class analysis in modern Western sociology is not limited to economic explanation of class formation and introduces the possession of non-economic forms of capital as an important criterion of class divisions. The authors of class schemes show the changing nature of upper and lower social classes. In the upper class, the role of owners of non-economic forms of capital increases, while the lower class consists of people who are either in unstable situation in the employment system or excluded from the economically active population. Precariat and underclass appearance shows the weakening of social integration mechanisms and the strengthening of social differentiation processes. Misbalance between both types of social and structural processes threatens the stability of society. Loss of confidence in the future creates in people a sense of “uncertainty”, turning into resentment, because of which G. Standing’s “new dangerous class” is formed. Comparative analysis of class schemes indicates the growth of the class structure dysfunction of modern society.

The aim of this work is to study oscillation properties for a scalar linear difference equation of mixed type \Delta x(n)+\sum_{k=-p}^qa_k(n)x(n+k)=0,\quad n>n_0, where $\Delta x(n)=x(n+1)-x(n)$ is the difference operator and $\{a_k(n)\}$ are sequences of real numbers for $k=-p,łdots,q$, and $p>0$, $q\geq0$. We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of oscillatory and nonoscillatory solutions. Some asymptotic properties are introduced.

Present work describes the corrosion inhibition efficiency of 2-amino-3-methyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(phenylthio)-3H-pyrrole-4-carbonitrile (INH) on mild steel in 1M HCl using weight loss, electrochemical, surface and molecular dynamics simulation methods. The weight loss results show that inhibition efficiency increasing with increasing INH concentration and maximum value was obtained at 50 mg/L concentration. Adsorption of the INH on mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Potentiodynamic polarization study suggests that investigated INH acts as mixed type inhibitor. EIS study indicates that the INH forms a protective surface film at metal/electrolyte interface. Both SEM and AFM studies show that surface smoothness increases due to formation of protective surface film by INH. The Monte Carlo simulation study suggests that INH has strong tendency to adsorb on mild steel surface in 1M HCl. The weight loss, electrochemical, surface and molecular dynamics calculations are in good agreement.