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We have performed differential scanning calorimetric and synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies to elucidate the nature of vapor-deposited ultrastable phenolphthalein glass. As a result, we found that phenolphthalein forms the ultrastable glass by depositing at 313 K, which is about 0.86 times the ordinal glass transition temperature of 361 K. As previous ultrastable glass studies reported, this ultrastable state involved an anisotropic structure. In addition, we found that a large endotherm (sub-$T_\mathrm{g}$ endotherm) was observed in the temperature range between deposition and ordinal glass transition temperatures. We have assessed the stability of deposited states thermodynamically and found that those states are much more stable than those crystalline states when the deposition rate is small enough. The total enthalpies associated with the sub-$T_\mathrm{g}$ endotherm are roughly proportional to the powers of the inversed thickness of the deposited glass. Despite the thermodynamical evidence, wide-angle x-ray diffraction of the structure associated with the sub-$T_\mathrm{g}$ endotherm was unchanged. Following our findings, we have proposed a scenario in which ultrastable vapor-deposited phenolphthalein glass is rooted in locally superstable structure. Our locally oriented scenario would be universal for forming stable structures in other vapor-deposited glasses., Comment: 36 pages, 14 figures

Beyond testing the current cosmological paradigm, cluster number counts can also be utilized to investigate the discrepancies currently affecting current cosmological measurements. In particular, cosmological studies based on cosmic shear and other large-scale structure probes routinely find a value of the amplitude of the fluctuations in the universe S8 smaller than the one inferred from the primary cosmic microwave background. In this work, we investigate this tension by measuring structure evolution across cosmic time as probed by the number counts of the massive halos with the first SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey cluster catalog in the Western Galactic Hemisphere complemented with the overlapping Dark Energy Survey Year-3, KiloDegree Survey, and Hyper Suprime-Cam data for weak lensing mass calibration, by implementing two different parameterizations and a model-agnostic method. In the first model, we measure the cosmic linear growth index as {\gamma} = 1.19 \pm 0.21, in tension with the standard value of {\gamma} = 0.55, but in good statistical agreement with other large-scale structures probes. The second model is a phenomenological scenario in which we rescale the linear matter power spectrum at low redshift to investigate a potential reduction of structure formation, providing similar results. Finally, in a third strategy, we consider a standard {\Lambda}CDM cosmology, but we separate the cluster catalog into five redshift bins, measuring the cosmological parameters in each and inferring the evolution of the structure formation, finding hints of a reduction. Interestingly, the S8 value inferred from eRASS1 cluster number counts, when we add a degree of freedom to the matter power spectrum, recovers the value inferred by cosmic shear studies.

The isotopic compositions of samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites are distinct from other carbonaceous chondrites, which has led to the suggestion that Ryugu and CI chondrites formed in a different region of the accretion disk, possibly around the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. We show that, like for Fe, Ryugu and CI chondrites also have indistinguishable Ni isotope anomalies, which differ from those of other carbonaceous chondrites. We propose that this unique Fe and Ni isotopic composition reflects different accretion efficiencies of small FeNi metal grains among the carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies. The CI chondrites incorporated these grains more efficiently, possibly because they formed at the end of the disk's lifetime, when planetesimal formation was also triggered by photoevaporation of the disk. Isotopic variations among carbonaceous chondrites may thus reflect fractionation of distinct dust components from a common reservoir, implying CI chondrites and Ryugu may have formed in the same region of the accretion disk as other carbonaceous chondrites., Comment: Published open access in Science Advances

Expressive writing is an established approach for stress management, and recent practices include information technology. Although mobile interfaces have the potential to support daily stress management practices, interface designs for such mobile expressive writing and their effects on stress relief still lack empirical understanding. To fill the gap, we examined the interface design of mobile expressive writing by investigating the influence of input modalities and visual feedback designs on usability and perceived cathartic effects through in-the-wild studies. While our studies confirmed the stress relief effects of mobile expressive writing, our results offer important insights in interface design. We found keyboard-based text entry more user-friendly and preferred over voice messages due to its privacy friendliness and reflection process. Participants expressed different reasons for preferring different post-writing visual feedback depending on the cause and type of stress. This paper also discusses future research opportunities in interface designs for mobile expressive writing.

IJCLab has been leading the development and deployment of low-$\beta$ Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities for proton and heavy ion accelerators. We are launching an electron accelerator project for sustainable Energy Recovery Linac (iSAS/PERLE) with state-of-the-art SRF cavities at 800~MHz. Our proposal includes advanced heat treatment of such cavities to reach an excellent quality factor of $3\times 10^{10}$ at $22$~MV/m. In this paper, we overview the status of this activity., Comment: Contribution to LCWS2024 proceedings

Continuum robots are compact and flexible, making them suitable for use in the industries and in medical surgeries. Rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT) are a highly efficient path planning method, and its variant, S-RRT, can generate smooth feasible paths for the end-effector. By combining RRT with inverse instantaneous kinematics (IIK), complete motion planning for the continuum arm can be achieved. Due to the high degrees of freedom of continuum arms, the null space in IIK can be utilized for obstacle avoidance. In this work, we propose a novel approach that uses the S-RRT* algorithm to create paths for the continuum-rigid manipulator. By employing IIK and null space techniques, continuous joint configurations are generated that not only track the path but also enable obstacle avoidance. Simulation results demonstrate that our method effectively handles motion planning and obstacle avoidance while generating high-quality end-effector paths in complex environments. Furthermore, compared to similar IIK methods, our approach exhibits superior computation time.

Clusters of galaxies can be identified from peaks in weak lensing aperture mass maps constructed from weak lensing shear catalogs. Such purely gravitational cluster selection considerably differs from traditional cluster selections based on baryonic properties of clusters. In this review, we present the basics and applications of weak lensing shear-selected cluster samples. Detailed studies of baryonic properties of shear-selected clusters shed new light on cluster astrophysics. The purely gravitational selection suggests that the selection function can be quantified more easily and robustly, which is crucial for deriving accurate cosmological constraints from the abundance of shear-selected clusters. The recent advance of shear-selected cluster studies is driven by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, in which more than 300 shear-selected clusters with the signal-to-noise ration greater than 5 are identified. It is argued that various systematic effects in the cosmological analysis can be mitigated by carefully choosing the set-up of the analysis, including the choice of the kernel functions and the source galaxy sample., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, a review to be submitted to Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B., comments welcome

This paper presents the first search for dark matter axions with mass in the ranges 76.56 to 76.82 $\mu$eV and 79.31 to 79.53 $\mu$eV using a prototype setup for the MAgnetized Disk and Mirror Axion eXperiment (MADMAX). The experimental setup employs a dielectric haloscope consisting of three sapphire disks and a mirror to resonantly enhance the axion-induced microwave signal within the magnetic dipole field provided by the 1.6 T Morpurgo magnet at CERN. Over 14.5 days of data collection, no axion signal was detected. A 95% CL upper limit on the axion-photon coupling strength down to $|g_{a\gamma}| \sim 2 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$ is set in the targeted mass ranges, surpassing previous constraints, assuming a local axion dark matter density $\rho_{a}$ of $0.3~\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{cm}^3$. This study marks the first axion dark matter search using a dielectric haloscope.

In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation with a general homogeneous nonlinearity in dimensions up to three. We assume that the degree (i.e., power) of the nonlinearity is such that the equation is mass-subcritical and short-range. We establish global well-posedness (GWP) and scattering for small data in the standard weighted space for a class of homogeneous nonlinearities, including non-gauge-invariant ones. Additionally, we include the case where the degree is less than or equal to the Strauss exponent. When the nonlinearity is not gauge-invariant, the standard Duhamel formulation fails to work effectively in the weighted Sobolev space; for instance, the Duhamel term may not be well-defined as a Bochner integral. To address this issue, we introduce an alternative formulation that allows us to establish GWP and scattering, even in the presence of poor time continuity of the Duhamel term.

The nonlinearities of soft robots bring control challenges like hysteresis but also provide them with computational capacities. This paper introduces a fuzzy pneumatic physical reservoir computing (FPRC) model for feedforward hysteresis compensation in motion tracking control of soft actuators. Our method utilizes a pneumatic bending actuator as a physical reservoir with nonlinear computing capacities to control another pneumatic bending actuator. The FPRC model employs a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model to process outputs from the physical reservoir. In comparative evaluations, the FPRC model shows equivalent training performance to an Echo State Network (ESN) model, whereas it exhibits better test accuracies with significantly reduced execution time. Experiments validate the proposed FPRC model's effectiveness in controlling the bending motion of the pneumatic soft actuator with open and closed-loop control systems. The proposed FPRC model's robustness against environmental disturbances has also been experimentally verified. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first implementation of a physical system in the feedforward hysteresis compensation model for controlling soft actuators. This study is expected to advance physical reservoir computing in nonlinear control applications and extend the feedforward hysteresis compensation methods for controlling soft actuators., Comment: 8 pages, 17 figures. This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication

We give explicit formulas of Whittaker functions on GL(4,R) for all irreducible generic representations. As an application, we determine test vectors which attain the associated L-factors for Bump-Friedberg integrals on GL(4,R).

Building on previous works to construct a homogeneous sample of brown dwarfs in binary systems, we investigate microlensing events detected by the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) survey during the 2022 and 2023 seasons. Given the difficulty in distinguishing brown-dwarf events from those produced by binary lenses with nearly equal-mass components, we analyze all lensing events detected during the seasons that exhibit anomalies characteristic of binary-lens systems. Using the same criteria consistently applied in previous studies, we identify six additional brown dwarf candidates through the analysis of lensing events KMT-2022-BLG-0412, KMT-2022-BLG-2286, KMT-2023-BLG-0201, KMT-2023-BLG-0601, KMT-2023-BLG-1684, and KMT-2023-BLG-1743. An examination of the mass posteriors shows that the median mass of the lens companions ranges from 0.02 $M_\odot$ to 0.05 $M_\odot$, indicating that these companions fall within the brown-dwarf mass range. The mass of the primary lenses ranges from 0.11 $M_\odot$ to 0.68 $M_\odot$, indicating that they are low-mass stars with substantially lower masses compared to the Sun., Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures, 12 tables

We report the first result from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from ${78.62}$ to $83.95~\mathrm{\mu eV}/c^2$ with a dielectric haloscope prototype for MADMAX (Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment). Putative dark photons would convert to observable photons within a stack consisting of three sapphire disks and a mirror. The emitted power of this system is received by an antenna and successively digitized using a low-noise receiver. No dark photon signal has been observed. Assuming unpolarized dark photon dark matter with a local density of $\rho_{\chi}=0.3~\mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ we exclude a dark photon to photon mixing parameter $\chi > 3.0 \times 10^{-12}$ over the full mass range and $\chi > 1.2 \times 10^{-13}$ at a mass of $80.57~\mathrm{\mu eV}/c^2$ with a 95\% confidence level. This is the first physics result from a MADMAX prototype and exceeds previous constraints on $\chi$ in this mass range by up to almost three orders of magnitude., Comment: v1

In the pursuit of understanding the population of stellar remnants within the Milky Way, we analyze the sample of $\sim 950$ microlensing events observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope between 2014 and 2019. In this study we focus on a sub-sample of nine microlensing events, selected based on their long timescales, small microlensing parallaxes and joint observations by the Gaia mission, to increase the probability that the chosen lenses are massive and the mass is measurable. Among the selected events we identify lensing black holes and neutron star candidates, with potential confirmation through forthcoming release of the Gaia time-series astrometry in 2026. Utilizing Bayesian analysis and Galactic models, along with the Gaia Data Release 3 proper motion data, four good candidates for dark remnants were identified: OGLE-2016-BLG-0293, OGLE-2018-BLG-0483, OGLE-2018-BLG-0662, and OGLE-2015-BLG-0149, with lens masses of $2.98^{+1.75}_{-1.28}~M_{\odot}$, $4.65^{+3.12}_{-2.08}~M_{\odot}$, $3.15^{+0.66}_{-0.64}~M_{\odot}$ and $1.4^{+0.75}_{-0.55}~M_{\odot}$, respectively. Notably, the first two candidates are expected to exhibit astrometric microlensing signals detectable by Gaia, offering the prospect of validating the lens masses. The methodologies developed in this work will be applied to the full Spitzer microlensing sample, populating and analyzing the time-scale ($t_{\rm E}$) vs. parallax ($\pi_{\rm E}$) diagram to derive constraints on the population of lenses in general and massive remnants in particular., Comment: submitted to ApJ

For any fixed relatively prime positive integers $a,b$ and $c$ greater than 1, we consider the equation $a^x+b^y=c^z$ in positive integers $x,y$ and $z$. In this note, assuming the truth of $abc$-conjecture, for any fixed $c$ we prove that there is at most one solution to the equation, except for only finitely many pairs of $a$ and $b$. This answers a question in the paper of Miyazaki and Pink [T. Miyazaki and I. Pink, Number of solutions to a special type of unit equations in two unknowns, III, arXiv:2403.20037]., Comment: a small error was fixed

This paper proposes an unsupervised DNN-based speech enhancement approach founded on deep priors (DPs). Here, DP signifies that DNNs are more inclined to produce clean speech signals than noises. Conventional methods based on DP typically involve training on a noisy speech signal using a random noise feature as input, stopping training only a clean speech signal is generated. However, such conventional approaches encounter challenges in determining the optimal stop timing, experience performance degradation due to environmental background noise, and suffer a trade-off between distortion of the clean speech signal and noise reduction performance. To address these challenges, we utilize two DNNs: one to generate a clean speech signal and the other to generate noise. The combined output of these networks closely approximates the noisy speech signal, with a loss term based on spectral kurtosis utilized to separate the noisy speech signal into a clean speech signal and noise. The key advantage of this method lies in its ability to circumvent trade-offs and early stopping problems, as the signal is decomposed by enough steps. Through evaluation experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in the case of white Gaussian and environmental noise while effectively mitigating early stopping problems., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, and 2 Tables, submitted to Acoustical Science and Technology

Electronic properties of molecular conductors exhibiting antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin order and charge order (CO) owing to electron correlation are studied using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We investigate two systems, a quasi-two-dimensional Mott insulator $\beta^\prime$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$ICl$_{2}$ with an AFM ground state, and several members of quasi-one-dimensional (TMTTF)$_2$$X$ showing CO. The stabilities of the AFM and CO states are compared between the use of a standard exchange-correlation functional based on the generalized gradient approximation and that of a range-separated hybrid functional; we find that the latter describes these states better. For $\beta^\prime$-(BEDT-TTF)$_{2}$ICl$_{2}$, the AFM order is much stabilized with a wider band gap. For (TMTTF)$_2$$X$, only by using the hybrid functional, the AFM insulating state is realized and the CO states coexisting with AFM order are stable under structural optimization, whose stability among different \textit{X} shows the tendency consistent with experiments.

Soft glassy materials experience a significant reduction in viscosity $\eta$ when subjected to shear flow, known as shear thinning. This phenomenon is characterized by a power-law scaling of $\eta$ with the shear rate $\dot{\gamma}$, $\eta \propto \dot{\gamma}^{-\nu}$, where the exponent $\nu$ is typically around $0.7$ to $0.8$ across different materials. Two decades ago, the mode coupling theory (MCT) suggested that shear thinning occurs due to the advection. However, it predicts too large $\nu = 1$ (> $0.7$ to $0.8$) and overestimates the onset shear rate by orders of magnitude. Recently, it was claimed that a minute distortion of the particle configuration is responsible for shear thinning. Here we extend the MCT to include the distortion, and find that both advection and distortion contribute to shear thinning, but the latter is dominant. Our formulation works quantitatively for several different glass formers. We explain why shear thinning is universal for many glassy materials., Comment: 14pages, 12figures, 1table

With the development of speech synthesis, recent research has focused on challenging tasks, such as speaker generation and emotion intensity control. Attribute interpolation is a common approach to these tasks. However, most previous methods for attribute interpolation require specific modules or training methods. We propose an attribute interpolation method in speech synthesis by model merging. Model merging is a method that creates new parameters by only averaging the parameters of base models. The merged model can generate an output with an intermediate feature of the base models. This method is easily applicable without specific modules or training methods, as it uses only existing trained base models. We merged two text-to-speech models to achieve attribute interpolation and evaluated its performance on speaker generation and emotion intensity control tasks. As a result, our proposed method achieved smooth attribute interpolation while keeping the linguistic content in both tasks., Comment: Accepted by INTERSPEECH 2024

Xtend is one of the two telescopes onboard the X-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission (XRISM), which was launched on September 7th, 2023. Xtend comprises the Soft X-ray Imager (SXI), an X-ray CCD camera, and the X-ray Mirror Assembly (XMA), a thin-foil-nested conically approximated Wolter-I optics. A large field of view of $38^{\prime}\times38^{\prime}$ over the energy range from 0.4 to 13 keV is realized by the combination of the SXI and XMA with a focal length of 5.6 m. The SXI employs four P-channel, back-illuminated type CCDs with a thick depletion layer of 200 $\mu$m. The four CCD chips are arranged in a 2$\times$2 grid and cooled down to $-110$ $^{\circ}$C with a single-stage Stirling cooler. Before the launch of XRISM, we conducted a month-long spacecraft thermal vacuum test. The performance verification of the SXI was successfully carried out in a course of multiple thermal cycles of the spacecraft. About a month after the launch of XRISM, the SXI was carefully activated and the soundness of its functionality was checked by a step-by-step process. Commissioning observations followed the initial operation. We here present pre- and post-launch results verifying the Xtend performance. All the in-orbit performances are consistent with those measured on ground and satisfy the mission requirement. Extensive calibration studies are ongoing., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures. Proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024

This paper explores the capability of Mamba, a recently proposed architecture based on state space models (SSMs), as a competitive alternative to Transformer-based models. In the speech domain, well-designed Transformer-based models, such as the Conformer and E-Branchformer, have become the de facto standards. Extensive evaluations have demonstrated the effectiveness of these Transformer-based models across a wide range of speech tasks. In contrast, the evaluation of SSMs has been limited to a few tasks, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech synthesis. In this paper, we compared Mamba with state-of-the-art Transformer variants for various speech applications, including ASR, text-to-speech, spoken language understanding, and speech summarization. Experimental evaluations revealed that Mamba achieves comparable or better performance than Transformer-based models, and demonstrated its efficiency in long-form speech processing., Comment: Accepted at Interspeech 2024

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array remains the largest mm radio interferometer observatory world-wide. It is now conducting its 11th observing cycle. In our previous paper presented at this conference series in 2020, we outlined a number of possible improvements to the ALMA end-to-end observing and data processing procedures which could further optimize the uv coverage and thus the image quality while at the same time improving the observing efficiency. Here we report an update of our results refining our proposed adjustments to the scheduling and quality assurance processes. In particular we present new results on ways to assess the uv coverage of a given observation efficiently, methods to define and measure the maximum recoverable angular scale, and on the robustness of the deconvolution in the final interferometric imaging process w.r.t. defects in the uv coverage. Finally we present the outline of a design for integrating uv coverage assessment into the control and processing loop of observation scheduling. The results are applicable to all radio interferometers with more than approx. 10 antennas., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, to be published in the proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, 2024, Yokohama, paper no. 13098-27

We present cosmological constraints using the abundance of weak-lensing shear-selected galaxy clusters in the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program. The clusters are selected on the mass maps constructed using the three-year (Y3) weak-lensing data with an area of $\approx500~$deg$^2$, resulting in a sample size of $129$ clusters with high signal-to-noise ratios $\nu$ of $\nu\geq4.7$. Owing to the deep, wide-field, and uniform imaging of the HSC survey, this is by far the largest sample of shear-selected clusters, in which the selection solely depends on gravity and is free from any assumptions about the dynamical state. Informed by the optical counterparts, the shear-selected clusters span a redshift range of $z\lesssim0.7$ with a median of $z\approx0.3$. The lensing sources are securely selected at $z\gtrsim0.7$ with a median of $z\approx1.3$, leading to nearly zero cluster member contamination. We carefully account for (1) the bias in the photometric redshift of sources, (2) the bias and scatter in the weak-lensing mass using a simulation-based calibration, and (3) the measurement uncertainty that is directly estimated on the mass maps using an injection-based method developed in a companion paper (Chen et al. submitted). In a blind analysis, the fully marginalized posteriors of the cosmological parameters are obtained as $\Omega_{\mathrm{m}} = 0.50^{+0.28}_{-0.24}$, $\sigma_8 = 0.685^{+0.161}_{-0.088}$, $\hat{S}_{8}\equiv\sigma_8\left(\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3\right)^{0.25} = 0.835^{+0.041}_{-0.044}$, and $\sigma_8\left(\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3\right)^{0.5} = 0.993^{+0.084}_{-0.126}$ in a flat $\Lambda$CDM model. We compare our cosmological constraints with other studies, including those based on cluster abundances, galaxy-galaxy lensing and clustering, and Cosmic Microwave Background observed by $Planck$, and find good agreement at levels of $\lesssim2\sigma$. [abridged], Comment: Accepted for publication in the Open Journal of Astrophysics. Main results are Figures 11 and 12. The cluster catalog and the cosmological chain are accessible at https://github.com/inonchiu/hsc_shear_selected_clusters

We present the first step towards deriving cosmological constraints through the abundances of galaxy clusters selected in a $510\,\mathrm{deg}^2$ weak-lensing aperture mass map, constructed with the Year-Three shear catalog from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. We adopt a conservative source galaxy selection to construct a sample of $129$ weak-lensing peaks with a signal-to-noise ratio above $4.7$. We use semi-analytical injection simulations to derive the selection function and the mass--observable relation of our sample. These results take into account complicated uncertainties associated with weak-lensing measurements, such as the non-uniform survey depth and the complex survey geometry, projection effects from uncorrelated large-scale structures, and the intrinsic alignment of source galaxies. We also propose a novel modeling framework to make parts of the mass--observable relation insensitive to assumed cosmological parameters. Such a framework not only offers a great computational advantage to cosmological studies, but can also benefit future astrophysical studies using shear-selected clusters. Our results are an important step towards utilizing these cluster samples that are constructed nearly independent of any baryonic assumptions in upcoming deep-and-wide lensing surveys from the Vera Rubin Observatory, Euclid, and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, submitted to OJA. The cluster catalog of the cosmological sample (signal-to-noise ratio above $4.7$) is accessible at https://github.com/inonchiu/hsc_shear_selected_clusters

We investigated the nature of the anomalies appearing in four microlensing events KMT-2020-BLG-0757, KMT-2022-BLG-0732, KMT-2022-BLG-1787, and KMT-2022-BLG-1852. The light curves of these events commonly exhibit initial bumps followed by subsequent troughs that extend across a substantial portion of the light curves. We performed thorough modeling of the anomalies to elucidate their characteristics. Despite their prolonged durations, which differ from the usual brief anomalies observed in typical planetary events, our analysis revealed that each anomaly in these events originated from a planetary companion located within the Einstein ring of the primary star. It was found that the initial bump arouse when the source star crossed one of the planetary caustics, while the subsequent trough feature occurred as the source traversed the region of minor image perturbations lying between the pair of planetary caustics. The estimated masses of the host and planet, their mass ratios, and the distance to the discovered planetary systems are $(M_{\rm host}/M_\odot, M_{\rm planet}/M_{\rm J}, q/10^{-3}, \dl/{\rm kpc}) = (0.58^{+0.33}_{-0.30}, 10.71^{+6.17}_{-5.61}, 17.61\pm 2.25,6.67^{+0.93}_{-1.30})$ for KMT-2020-BLG-0757, $(0.53^{+0.31}_{-0.31}, 1.12^{+0.65}_{-0.65}, 2.01 \pm 0.07, 6.66^{+1.19}_{-1.84})$ for KMT-2022-BLG-0732, $(0.42^{+0.32}_{-0.23}, 6.64^{+4.98}_{-3.64}, 15.07\pm 0.86, 7.55^{+0.89}_{-1.30})$ for KMT-2022-BLG-1787, and $(0.32^{+0.34}_{-0.19}, 4.98^{+5.42}_{-2.94}, 8.74\pm 0.49, 6.27^{+0.90}_{-1.15})$ for KMT-2022-BLG-1852. These parameters indicate that all the planets are giants with masses exceeding the mass of Jupiter in our solar system and the hosts are low-mass stars with masses substantially less massive than the Sun., Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables

The advent of generative AI tools has had a profound impact on societies globally, transcending geographical boundaries. Understanding these tools' global reception and utilization is crucial for service providers and policymakers in shaping future policies. Therefore, to unravel the perceptions and engagements of individuals within diverse linguistic communities with regard to generative AI tools, we extensively analyzed over 6.8 million tweets in 14 different languages. Our findings reveal a global trend in the perception of generative AI, accompanied by language-specific nuances. While sentiments toward these tools vary significantly across languages, there is a prevalent positive inclination toward Image tools and a negative one toward Chat tools. Notably, the ban of ChatGPT in Italy led to a sentiment decline and initiated discussions across languages. Furthermore, we established a taxonomy for interactions with chatbots, creating a framework for social analysis underscoring variations in generative AI usage among linguistic communities. We find that the Chinese community predominantly employs chatbots as substitutes for search, while the Italian community tends to present more intricate prompts. Our research provides a robust foundation for further explorations of the social dynamics surrounding generative AI tools and offers invaluable insights for decision-makers in policy, technology, and education.

In recent years, neural network-driven image compression (NIC) has gained significant attention. Some works adopt deep generative models such as GANs and diffusion models to enhance perceptual quality (realism). A critical obstacle of these generative NIC methods is that each model is optimized for a single bit rate. Consequently, multiple models are required to compress images to different bit rates, which is impractical for real-world applications. To tackle this issue, we propose a variable-rate generative NIC model. Specifically, we explore several discriminator designs tailored for the variable-rate approach and introduce a novel adversarial loss. Moreover, by incorporating the newly proposed multi-realism technique, our method allows the users to adjust the bit rate, distortion, and realism with a single model, achieving ultra-controllability. Unlike existing variable-rate generative NIC models, our method matches or surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art single-rate generative NIC models while covering a wide range of bit rates using just one model. Code will be available at https://github.com/iwa-shi/CRDR, Comment: WACV2024 Oral. Code is at https://github.com/iwa-shi/CRDR

Digital textbook (e-book) systems record student interactions with textbooks as a sequence of events called EventStream data. In the past, researchers extracted meaningful features from EventStream, and utilized them as inputs for downstream tasks such as grade prediction and modeling of student behavior. Previous research evaluated models that mainly used statistical-based features derived from EventStream logs, such as the number of operation types or access frequencies. While these features are useful for providing certain insights, they lack temporal information that captures fine-grained differences in learning behaviors among different students. This study proposes E2Vec, a novel feature representation method based on word embeddings. The proposed method regards operation logs and their time intervals for each student as a string sequence of characters and generates a student vector of learning activity features that incorporates time information. We applied fastText to generate an embedding vector for each of 305 students in a dataset from two years of computer science courses. Then, we investigated the effectiveness of E2Vec in an at-risk detection task, demonstrating potential for generalizability and performance., Comment: Published in proceedings of the 17th Educational Data Mining Conference (EDM 2024)

Infrared (IR) image super-resolution faces challenges from homogeneous background pixel distributions and sparse target regions, requiring models that effectively handle long-range dependencies and capture detailed local-global information. Recent advancements in Mamba-based (Selective Structured State Space Model) models, employing state space models, have shown significant potential in visual tasks, suggesting their applicability for IR enhancement. In this work, we introduce IRSRMamba: Infrared Image Super-Resolution via Mamba-based Wavelet Transform Feature Modulation Model, a novel Mamba-based model designed specifically for IR image super-resolution. This model enhances the restoration of context-sparse target details through its advanced dependency modeling capabilities. Additionally, a new wavelet transform feature modulation block improves multi-scale receptive field representation, capturing both global and local information efficiently. Comprehensive evaluations confirm that IRSRMamba outperforms existing models on multiple benchmarks. This research advances IR super-resolution and demonstrates the potential of Mamba-based models in IR image processing. Code are available at \url{https://github.com/yongsongH/IRSRMamba}., Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication

We investigate the nature of the short-term anomaly that appears in the lensing light curve of KMT-2023-BLG-1866. The anomaly was only partly covered due to its short duration, less than a day, coupled with cloudy weather conditions and restricted nighttime duration. Considering intricacy of interpreting partially covered signals, we thoroughly explore all potential degenerate solutions. Through this process, we identify three planetary scenarios that equally well account for the observed anomaly. These scenarios are characterized by the specific planetary parameters: $(s, q)_{\rm inner} = [0.9740 \pm 0.0083, (2.46 \pm 1.07) \times 10^{-5}]$, $(s, q)_{\rm intermediate} = [0.9779 \pm 0.0017, (1.56 \pm 0.25)\times 10^{-5}]$, and $(s, q)_{\rm outer} = [0.9894 \pm 0.0107, (2.31 \pm 1.29)\times 10^{-5}]$, where $s$ and $q$ denote the projected separation (scaled to the Einstein radius) and mass ratio between the planet and its host, respectively. We identify that the ambiguity between the inner and outer solutions stems from the inner-outer degeneracy, while the similarity between the intermediate solution and the others is due to an accidental degeneracy caused by incomplete anomaly coverage. Through Bayesian analysis utilizing the constraints derived from measured lensing observables and blending flux, our estimation indicates that the lens system comprises a very low-mass planet orbiting an early M-type star situated approximately (6.2 -- 6.5)~kpc from Earth in terms of median posterior values for the different solutions. The median mass of the planet host is in the range of (0.48 -- 0.51)~$M_\odot$, and that of the planet's mass spans a range of (2.6 -- 4.0)~$M_{\rm E}$, varying across different solutions. The detection of KMT-2023-BLG-1866Lb signifies the extension of the lensing surveys to very low-mass planets that have been difficult to be detected from earlier surveys., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables

A common approach to minimizing the cost of quantum computations is by transforming a quantum system into a basis that can be optimally truncated. Here, we derive classical equations of motion subjected to similar unitary transformations, and propose their integration into mixed quantum-classical dynamics, enabling this class of methods to be applied within arbitrary bases for both the quantum and classical coordinates. To this end, canonical positions and momenta are combined into a set of complex-valued classical coordinates amenable to unitary transformations. We demonstrate the potential of the resulting approach by means of surface hopping calculations of an electronic carrier scattering onto a single impurity in the presence of phonons. Appropriate basis transformations, capturing both the localization of the impurity and the delocalization of higher-energy excitations, are shown to faithfully capture the dynamics within a fraction of the classical and quantum basis sets., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures including a Table of Contents figure

We present the analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-0845, which was affected by both the microlensing parallax and xallarap effects. The former was detected via the simultaneous observations from the ground and Spitzer, and the latter was caused by the orbital motion of the source star in a relatively close binary. The combination of these two effects led to a mass measurement of the lens object, revealing a low-mass ($0.14 \pm 0.05 M_{\odot}$) M-dwarf at the bulge distance ($7.6 \pm 1.0$ kpc). The source binary consists of a late F-type subgiant and a K-type dwarf of $\sim1.2 M_{\odot}$ and $\sim 0.9 M_{\odot}$, respectively, and the orbital period is $70 \pm 10$ days. OGLE-2015-BLG-0845 is the first single-lens event in which the lens mass is measured via the binarity of the source. Given the abundance of binary systems as potential microlensing sources, the xallarap effect may not be a rare phenomenon. Our work thus highlights the application of the xallarap effect in the mass determination of microlenses, and the same method can be used to identify isolated dark lenses., Comment: New version after the review process. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

We report the H, C, and N isotopic compositions of microscale (0.2 to 2$\mu$m) organic matter in samples of asteroid Ryugu and the Orgueil CI carbonaceous chondrite. Three regolith particles of asteroid Ryugu, returned by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft, and several fragments of Orgueil were analyzed by NanoSIMS isotopic imaging. The isotopic distributions of the Ryugu samples from two different collection spots are closely similar to each other and to the Orgueil samples, strengthening the proposed Ryugu-CI chondrite connection. Most individual sub-$\mu$m organic grains have isotopic compositions within error of bulk values, but 2-8% of them are outliers exhibiting large isotopic enrichments or depletions in D, $^{15}$N, and/or $^{13}$C. The H, C and N isotopic compositions of the outliers are not correlated with each other: while some C-rich grains are both D- and $^{15}$N-enriched, many are enriched or depleted in one or the other system. This most likely points to a diversity in isotopic fractionation pathways and thus diversity in the local formation environments for the individual outlier grains. The observation of a relatively small population of isotopic outlier grains can be explained either by escape from nebular and/or parent body homogenization of carbonaceous precursor material or addition of later isotopic outlier grains. The strong chemical similarity of isotopically typical and isotopically outlying grains, as reflected by synchrotron x-ray absorption spectra, suggests a genetic connection and thus favors the former, homogenization scenario. However, the fact that even the least altered meteorites show the same pattern of a small population of outliers on top of a larger population of homogenized grains indicates that some or most of the homogenization occurred prior to accretion of the macromolecular organic grains into asteroidal parent bodies., Comment: Accepted for publication in Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 8 figures (plus 3 supplementary figs), two tables

We investigate the role of the permutationally invariant part of the density matrix (PIDM) in capturing the properties of the ground state of the system during a quantum phase transition. In the context of quantum state tomography, PIDM is known to be obtainable with only a low number of measurement settings, namely $\mathcal{O}(L^2)$, where $L$ is the system size. Considering the transverse-field Ising chain as an example, we compute the second-order R\'enyi entropy of PIDM for the ground state by using the density matrix renormalization group algorithm. In the ferromagnetic case, the ground state is permutationally invariant both in the limits of zero and infinite field, leading to vanishing R\'enyi entropy of PIDM. The latter exhibits a broad peak as a function of the transverse field around the quantum critical point, which gets more pronounced for larger system size. In the antiferromagnetic case, the peak structure disappears and the R\'enyi entropy diverges like $\mathcal{O}(L)$ in the whole field range of the ordered phase. We discuss the cause of these behaviors of the R\'enyi entropy of PIDM, examining the possible application of this experimentally tractable quantity to the analysis of phase transition phenomena.

We undertake a project to reexamine microlensing data gathered from high-cadence surveys. The aim of the project is to reinvestigate lensing events with light curves exhibiting intricate anomaly features associated with caustics, yet lacking prior proposed models to explain these features. Through detailed reanalyses considering higher-order effects, we identify that accounting for orbital motions of lenses is vital in accurately explaining the anomaly features observed in the light curves of the lensing events OGLE-2018-BLG-0971, MOA-2023-BLG-065, and OGLE-2023-BLG-0136. We estimate the masses and distances to the lenses by conducting Bayesian analyses using the lensing parameters of the newly found lensing solutions. From these analyses, we identify that the lenses of the events OGLE-2018-BLG-0971 and MOA-2023-BLG-065 are binaries composed of M dwarfs, while the lens of OGLE-2023-BLG-0136 is likely to be a binary composed of an early K-dwarf primary and a late M-dwarf companion. For all lensing events, the probability of the lens residing in the bulge is considerably higher than that of it being located in the disk., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables

It is conjectured that for any fixed relatively prime positive integers $a,b$ and $c$ all greater than 1 there is at most one solution to the equation $a^x+b^y=c^z$ in positive integers $x,y$ and $z$, except for specific cases. We develop the methods in our previous work which rely on a variety from Baker's theory and thoroughly study the conjecture for cases where $c$ is small relative to $a$ or $b$. Using restrictions derived under which there is more than one solution to the equation, we obtain a number of finiteness results on the conjecture, which in particular enables us to find some new values of $c$ being presumably infinitely many such that for each such $c$ the conjecture holds true except for only finitely many pairs of $a$ and $b$. Most importantly we prove that if $c=13$ then the equation has at most one solution, except for $(a,b)=(3,10)$ or $(10,3)$ which exactly gives two solutions. Further our study with the help of Schmidt Subspace Theorem among others brings strong contributions to the study of Pillai's type Diophantine equations, which includes a general and satisfactory result on a well-known conjecture of M. Bennett on the equation $a^x-b^y=c$ for any fixed positive integers $a,b$ and $c$ with both $a$ and $b$ greater than 1. Some conditional results are presented under the $abc$-conjecture as well., Comment: 44 pages; comments welcome!

This paper studies a variant of Horrocks criteria for vector bundles mainly through a syzygy theoretic approach. In this spirit we begin with describing various proofs of the splitting criteria for ACM and Buchsbaum bundles, giving new sights of the structure theorem. Our main result gives a structure theorem of quasi-Buchsbaum bundles on ${\mathbb P}^n$, which characterizes the null-correlation bundle. Also, the quasi-Buchsbaum bundles on ${\mathbb P}^3$ with simple cohomologies are classified in terms of standard system of parameters.

Following the Pluto fly-by of the New Horizons spacecraft, the mission provided a unique opportunity to explore the Kuiper Belt in-situ. The possibility existed to fly-by a Kuiper Belt object (KBO) as well as to observe additional objects at distances closer than are feasible from earth-orbit facilities. However, at the time of launch no KBOs were known about that were accessible by the spacecraft. In this paper we present the results of 10 years of observations and three uniquely dedicated efforts -- two ground-based using the Subaru Suprime Camera, the Magellan MegaCam and IMACS Cameras, and one with the Hubble Space Telescope -- to find such KBOs for study. In this paper we overview the search criteria and strategies employed in our work and detail the analysis efforts to locate and track faint objects in the galactic plane. We also present a summary of all of the KBOs that were discovered as part of our efforts and how spacecraft targetability was assessed, including a detailed description of our astrometric analysis which included development of an extensive secondary calibration network. Overall, these efforts resulted in the discovery of 89 KBOs including 11 which became objects for distant observation by New Horizons and (486958) Arrokoth which became the first post-Pluto fly-by destination., Comment: Accepted to PSJ. 40 pages, 10 figures, 10 tables

This paper is concerned with nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations with a time-decaying harmonic potential. The nonlinearity is gauge-invariant of the long-range critical order. In [24] and [22], it is proved that the equation admits a nontrivial solution that behaves like a free solution with a logarithmic phase correction in the frameworks of both the final state problem and the initial value problem. Furthermore, a modified scattering operator has been established in the case without the potential in [15]. In this paper, we construct a modified scattering operator for our equation by utilizing a generator of the Galilean transformation. Moreover, we remove a restriction for the coefficient of the potential which is required in [22]., Comment: 35 pages