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13. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Nair, Harish, Campbell, Harry, Wang, Xin, Li, You, Chung, Alexandria, Rahi, Manveer, Abbas, Qalab, Ali, Asad, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Saeed, Bushra, Soofi, Sajid B, Yousafzai, Mohammad Tahir, Zaidi, Anita K, Amu, Alberta, Awini, Elizabeth, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Baggett, Henry C, Chaves, Sandra S, Shang, Nong, Schrag, Stephanie J, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Tempia, Stefano, Bassat, Quique, Lanaspa, Miguel, Acácio, Sozinho, Brooks, W Abdullah, Driscoll, Amanda, Knoll, Maria Deloria, O'Brien, Katherine L, Prosperi, Christine, Baqui, Abdullah H, Mullany, Luke, Byass, Peter, Cohen, Cheryl, von Gottberg, Anne, Hellferscee, Orienka, Treurnicht, Florette K, Walaza, Sibongile, Goswami, Doli, Rahman, Mustafizur, Connor, Nicholas E, El Arifeen, Shams, Echavarria, Marcela, Marcone, Débora N, Reyes, Noelia, Gutierrez, Andrea, Rodriguez, Ivan, Lopez, Olga, Ortiz, David, Gonzalez, Nathaly, Gentile, Angela, del Valle Juarez, Maria, Gordon, Aubree, Cutland, Clare, Groome, Michelle, Madhi, Shabir A, Nunes, Marta C, Nzenze, Susan, Heikkinen, Terho, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Juvekar, Sanjay, Halasa, Natasha, Jara, Jorge H, Bernart, Chris, Katz, Mark A, Gofer, Ilan, Avni, Yonat Shemer, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Faori, Samir, Shehabi, Asem, Krishnan, Anand, Kumar, Rakesh, Amarchand, Ritvik, Contreras, Carmen L, de Leon, Oscar, Lopez, Maria R, McCracken, John P, Maldonado, Herberth, Samayoa, Antonio P, Gomez, Ana B, Lucero, Marilla G, Nillos, Leilani T, Lupisan, Socorro P, Nohynek, Hanna, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Puig-Barberà, Joan, Díez-Domingo, Javier, Gessner, Bradford D, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Moïsi, Jennifer C, Tall, Haoua, Munywoki, Patrick K, Ngama, Mwanjuma, Nokes, D James, Omer, Saad B, Clark, Dayna R, Ourohiré, Millogo, Ali, Sié, Pascal, Zabré, Cheik, Bagagnan H, Caballero, Mauricio T, Libster, Romina, Polack, Fernando P, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Thomas, Elizabeth D, Baker, Julia M, Rath, Barbara A, Obermeier, Patrick E, Hassanuzzaman, MD., Islam, Maksuda, Islam, Mohammad S, Saha, Samir K, Panigrahi, Pinaki, Bose, Anuradha, Isaac, Rita, Murdoch, David, Nanda, Pritish, Qazi, Shamim A, Hessong, Danielle, Simőes, Eric AF, Sotomayor, Viviana, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Chittaganpitch, Malinee, Dawood, Halima, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Wamukoya, Marylene, Ziraba, Abdhalah K, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yoshihara, Keisuke, Dand, Duc-Anh, Le, Minh-Nhat, Nicol, Mark P, Zar, Heather J, Broor, Shobha, Chadha, Mandeep, Madrid, Lola, Gresh, Lionel, Balmaseda, Angel, Kuan, Guillermina, Wairagkar, Niteen, Tapia, Milagritos D, Knobler, Stacey L, Barahona, Alfredo, Ferguson, Ericka, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Abdullah Brooks, W, Fasce, Rodrigo A, and Simões, Eric AF

Published
2020
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15. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Shi, Ting, McAllister, David A, O'Brien, Katherine L, Simoes, Eric A F, Madhi, Shabir A, Gessner, Bradford D, Polack, Fernando P, Balsells, Evelyn, Acacio, Sozinho, Aguayo, Claudia, Alassani, Issifou, Ali, Asad, Antonio, Martin, Awasthi, Shally, Awori, Juliet O, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Baggett, Henry C, Baillie, Vicky L, Balmaseda, Angel, Barahona, Alfredo, Basnet, Sudha, Bassat, Quique, Basualdo, Wilma, Bigogo, Godfrey, Bont, Louis, Breiman, Robert F, Brooks, W Abdullah, Broor, Shobha, Bruce, Nigel, Bruden, Dana, Buchy, Philippe, Campbell, Stuart, Carosone-Link, Phyllis, Chadha, Mandeep, Chipeta, James, Chou, Monidarin, Clara, Wilfrido, Cohen, Cheryl, de Cuellar, Elizabeth, Dang, Duc-Anh, Dash-yandag, Budragchaagiin, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Dherani, Mukesh, Eap, Tekchheng, Ebruke, Bernard E, Echavarria, Marcela, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, Carla Cecília, Fasce, Rodrigo A, Feikin, Daniel R, Feng, Luzhao, Gentile, Angela, Gordon, Aubree, Goswami, Doli, Goyet, Sophie, Groome, Michelle, Halasa, Natasha, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Homaira, Nusrat, Howie, Stephen R C, Jara, Jorge, Jroundi, Imane, Kartasasmita, Cissy B, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Kotloff, Karen L, Krishnan, Anand, Libster, Romina, Lopez, Olga, Lucero, Marilla G, Lucion, Florencia, Lupisan, Socorro P, Marcone, Debora N, McCracken, John P, Mejia, Mario, Moisi, Jennifer C, Montgomery, Joel M, Moore, David P, Moraleda, Cinta, Moyes, Jocelyn, Munywoki, Patrick, Mutyara, Kuswandewi, Nicol, Mark P, Nokes, D James, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, da Costa Oliveira, Maria Tereza, Oshitani, Histoshi, Pandey, Nitin, Paranhos-Baccalà, Gláucia, Phillips, Lia N, Picot, Valentina Sanchez, Rahman, Mustafizur, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Mala, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Rath, Barbara A, Robinson, Annick, Romero, Candice, Russomando, Graciela, Salimi, Vahid, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Scheltema, Nienke, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Scott, J Anthony G, Seidenberg, Phil, Shen, Kunling, Singleton, Rosalyn, Sotomayor, Viviana, Strand, Tor A, Sutanto, Agustinus, Sylla, Mariam, Tapia, Milagritos D, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Thomas, Elizabeth D, Tokarz, Rafal, Turner, Claudia, Venter, Marietjie, Waicharoen, Sunthareeya, Wang, Jianwei, Watthanaworawit, Wanitda, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yu, Hongjie, Zar, Heather J, Campbell, Harry, and Nair, Harish

Published
2017
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16. Misdiagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infections by Standard-of-Care Specimen Collection and Testing among Hospitalized Adults, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 2019–20201

Author

Ramirez, Julio A., primary, Angulo, Frederick J., additional, Carrico, Ruth M., additional, Furmanek, Stephen, additional, Oliva, Senén Peña, additional, Zamparo, Joann M., additional, Gonzalez, Elisa, additional, Zhang, Pingping, additional, Parrish, Leslie A. Wolf, additional, Marimuthu, Subathra, additional, Pride, Michael W., additional, Gray, Sharon, additional, Matos Ferreira, Cátia S., additional, Arnold, Forest W., additional, Istúriz, Raul E., additional, Minarovic, Nadia, additional, Moïsi, Jennifer C., additional, and Jodar, Luis, additional

Published
2023
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22. Frequency of Diarrhea, Stool Specimen Collection and Testing, and Detection of Clostridioides Difficile Infection Among Hospitalized Adults in the Muenster/Coesfeld Area, Germany

Author

Effelsberg, Natalie, primary, Buchholz, Meike, additional, Kampmeier, Stefanie, additional, Lücke, Andrea, additional, Schwierzeck, Vera, additional, Angulo, Frederick J., additional, Brestrich, Gordon, additional, Martin, Catherine, additional, Moïsi, Jennifer C., additional, von Eiff, Christof, additional, Mellmann, Alexander, additional, and von Müller, Lutz, additional

Published
2022
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23. Misdiagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infections by Standardof- Care Specimen Collection and Testing among Hospitalized Adults, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 2019–20201.

Author

Ramirez, Julio A., Angulo, Frederick J., Carrico, Ruth M., Furmanek, Stephen, Oliva, Senén Peña, Zamparo, Joann M., Gonzalez, Elisa, Zhang, Pingping, Wolf Parrish, Leslie A., Marimuthu, Subathra, Pride, Michael W., Gray, Sharon, Matos Ferreira, Cátia S., Arnold, Forest W., Istúriz, Raul E., Minarovic, Nadia, Moïsi, Jennifer C., and Jodar, Luis

Subjects
CLOSTRIDIOIDES difficile, DIAGNOSTIC errors, ADULTS, NUCLEIC acids, COLLECTIONS
Abstract

Although Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) incidence is high in the United States, standard-of-care (SOC) stool collection and testing practices might result in incidence overestimation or underestimation. We conducted diarrhea surveillance among inpatients >50 years of age in Louisville, Kentucky, USA, during October 14, 2019–October 13, 2020; concurrent SOC stool collection and CDI testing occurred independently. A study CDI case was nucleic acid amplification test‒/cytotoxicity neutralization assay‒positive or nucleic acid amplification test‒positive stool in a patient with pseudomembranous colitis. Study incidence was adjusted for hospitalization share and specimen collection rate and, in a sensitivity analysis, for diarrhea cases without study testing. SOC hospitalized CDI incidence was 121/100,000 population/year; study incidence was 154/100,000 population/ year and, in sensitivity analysis, 202/100,000 population/ year. Of 75 SOC CDI cases, 12 (16.0%) were not study diagnosed; of 109 study CDI cases, 44 (40.4%) were not SOC diagnosed. CDI incidence estimates based on SOC CDI testing are probably underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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26. Lower Respiratory Infections Among Hospitalized Children in New Caledonia: A Pilot Study for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Project

Author

Mermond, Sylvain, Zurawski, Virginie, D'Ortenzio, Eric, Driscoll, Amanda J., DeLuca, Andrea N., Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Moïsi, Jennifer C., Murdoch, David R., Missotte, Isabelle, Besson-Leaud, Laurent, Chevalier, Cyril, Debarnot, Vincent, Feray, Fabien, Noireterre, Stephanie, Duparc, Bernard, Fresnais, Frederique, O'Connor, Olivia, Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Myrielle, and Levine, Orin S.

Published
2012
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28. Enhanced Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Meningitis with Use of the Binax NOW Immunochromatographic Test of Streptococcus pneumoniae Antigen: A Multisite Study

Author

Moïsi, Jennifer C., Sana, Samir K., Falade, Adegoke G., Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Oundo, Joseph, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Afroj, Shirin, Bakare, R. A., Buss, Julie K., Lasi, Razzaq, Mueller, Judith, Odekanmi, A. A., Sangaré, Lassana, Scott, J. Anthony G., Knoll, Maria Deloria, Levine, Orin S., and Gessner, Bradford D.

Published
2009
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29. Standardizing Surveillance of Pneumococcal Disease

Author

PneumoADIP-Sponsored Surveillance Investigators, Knoll, Maria Deloria, Moïsi, Jennifer C., Muhib, Farzana B., Wonodi, Chizoba B., Lee, Ellen H., Grant, Lindsay, Gilani, Zunera, Anude, Chuka J., O'Brien, Katherine L., Cherian, Thomas, and Levine, Orin S.

Published
2009
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30. Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficileInfections in Germany, 2010–2019: A Review from Four Public Databases

Author

Brestrich, Gordon, Angulo, Frederick J., Berger, Fabian K., Brösamle, Christian, Hagel, Stefan, Leischker, Andreas, Lübbert, Christoph, Maechler, Friederike, Merbecks, Sophie-Susann, Minarovic, Nadia, Moïsi, Jennifer C., von Müller, Lutz, Reuken, Phillip A., Weinke, Thomas, Yu, Holly, and Mellmann, Alexander

Abstract

Introduction: Clostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) is a recognized global threat especially for vulnerable populations. It is of particular concern to healthcare providers as it is found in both hospital and community settings, with severe courses, frequent recurrence, high mortality and substantial financial impact on the healthcare system. The CDI burden in Germany has been described and compared by analysing data from four different public databases. Methods: Data on hospital burden of CDI have been extracted, compared, and discussed from four public databases for the years 2010–2019. Hospital days due to CDI were compared to established vaccine preventable diseases, such as influenza and herpes zoster, and also to CDI hospitalisations in the United States (US). Results: All four databases reported comparable incidences and trends. Beginning in 2010, population-based hospitalised CDI incidence increased to a peak of > 137/100,000 in 2013. Then, incidence declined to 81/100,000 in 2019. Hospitalised patients with CDI were predominantly > 50 years of age. The population-based incidence of severe CDI was between 1.4 and 8.4/100,000 per year. Recurrence rates were between 5.9 to 6.5%. More than 1,000 CDI deaths occurred each year, with a peak of 2,666 deaths in 2015. Cumulative CDI patient days (PD) were between 204,596 and 355,466 each year, which exceeded cumulated PD for influenza and herpes zoster in most years, though year-to-year differences were observed. Finally, hospitalized CDI incidence was higher in Germany than in the US, where the disease is well recognized as a public health threat. Conclusions: All four public sources documented a decline in CDI cases since 2013, but the disease burden remains substantial and warrants continued attention as a severe public health challenge.

Published
2023
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32. Pneumococcal Carriage in Burkina Faso After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction: Results From 2 Cross-sectional Population-Based Surveys

Author

Kaboré, Lassané, primary, Adebanjo, Tolulope, additional, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe Marie, additional, Ouangraoua, Soumeya, additional, Tarbangdo, Felix T, additional, Meda, Bertrand, additional, Velusamy, Srinivasan, additional, Bicaba, Brice, additional, Aké, Flavien, additional, McGee, Lesley, additional, Yaro, Seydou, additional, Betsem, Edouard, additional, Gervaix, Alain, additional, Gessner, Bradford D, additional, Whitney, Cynthia G, additional, Moïsi, Jennifer C, additional, and Van Beneden, Chris A, additional

Published
2021
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35. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Wang, Xin, primary, Li, You, additional, O'Brien, Katherine L, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Byass, Peter, additional, Omer, Saad B, additional, Abbas, Qalab, additional, Ali, Asad, additional, Amu, Alberta, additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Abdullah Brooks, W, additional, Chaves, Sandra S, additional, Chung, Alexandria, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Echavarria, Marcela, additional, Fasce, Rodrigo A, additional, Gentile, Angela, additional, Gordon, Aubree, additional, Groome, Michelle, additional, Heikkinen, Terho, additional, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, additional, Jara, Jorge H, additional, Katz, Mark A, additional, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, additional, Krishnan, Anand, additional, de Leon, Oscar, additional, Lucero, Marilla G, additional, McCracken, John P, additional, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, additional, Moïsi, Jennifer C, additional, Munywoki, Patrick K, additional, Ourohiré, Millogo, additional, Polack, Fernando P, additional, Rahi, Manveer, additional, Rasmussen, Zeba A, additional, Rath, Barbara A, additional, Saha, Samir K, additional, Simões, Eric AF, additional, Sotomayor, Viviana, additional, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, additional, Treurnicht, Florette K, additional, Wamukoya, Marylene, additional, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Campbell, Harry, additional, Nair, Harish, additional, Wang, Xin, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Saeed, Bushra, additional, Soofi, Sajid B, additional, Yousafzai, Mohammad Tahir, additional, Zaidi, Anita K, additional, Awini, Elizabeth, additional, Baggett, Henry C, additional, Shang, Nong, additional, Schrag, Stephanie J, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Lanaspa, Miguel, additional, Acácio, Sozinho, additional, Brooks, W Abdullah, additional, Driscoll, Amanda, additional, Knoll, Maria Deloria, additional, Prosperi, Christine, additional, Baqui, Abdullah H, additional, Mullany, Luke, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Hellferscee, Orienka, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, Goswami, Doli, additional, Rahman, Mustafizur, additional, Connor, Nicholas E, additional, El Arifeen, Shams, additional, Marcone, Débora N, additional, Reyes, Noelia, additional, Gutierrez, Andrea, additional, Rodriguez, Ivan, additional, Lopez, Olga, additional, Ortiz, David, additional, Gonzalez, Nathaly, additional, del Valle Juarez, Maria, additional, Cutland, Clare, additional, Nunes, Marta C, additional, Nzenze, Susan, additional, Juvekar, Sanjay, additional, Halasa, Natasha, additional, Bernart, Chris, additional, Gofer, Ilan, additional, Avni, Yonat Shemer, additional, Faori, Samir, additional, Shehabi, Asem, additional, Kumar, Rakesh, additional, Amarchand, Ritvik, additional, Contreras, Carmen L, additional, Lopez, Maria R, additional, Maldonado, Herberth, additional, Samayoa, Antonio P, additional, Gomez, Ana B, additional, Nillos, Leilani T, additional, Lupisan, Socorro P, additional, Nohynek, Hanna, additional, Puig-Barberà, Joan, additional, Díez-Domingo, Javier, additional, Gessner, Bradford D, additional, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, additional, Tall, Haoua, additional, Ngama, Mwanjuma, additional, Nokes, D James, additional, Clark, Dayna R, additional, Ali, Sié, additional, Pascal, Zabré, additional, Cheik, Bagagnan H, additional, Caballero, Mauricio T, additional, Libster, Romina, additional, Thomas, Elizabeth D, additional, Baker, Julia M, additional, Obermeier, Patrick E, additional, Hassanuzzaman, MD., additional, Islam, Maksuda, additional, Islam, Mohammad S, additional, Panigrahi, Pinaki, additional, Bose, Anuradha, additional, Isaac, Rita, additional, Murdoch, David, additional, Nanda, Pritish, additional, Qazi, Shamim A, additional, Hessong, Danielle, additional, Simőes, Eric AF, additional, Chittaganpitch, Malinee, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Kyobutungi, Catherine, additional, Ziraba, Abdhalah K, additional, Yoshihara, Keisuke, additional, Dand, Duc-Anh, additional, Le, Minh-Nhat, additional, Nicol, Mark P, additional, Broor, Shobha, additional, Chadha, Mandeep, additional, Madrid, Lola, additional, Gresh, Lionel, additional, Balmaseda, Angel, additional, Kuan, Guillermina, additional, Wairagkar, Niteen, additional, Tapia, Milagritos D, additional, Knobler, Stacey L, additional, Barahona, Alfredo, additional, Ferguson, Ericka, additional, and Schweiger, Brunhilde, additional

Published
2020
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36. Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W Meningitis Epidemic in Togo, 2016

Author

Mounkoro, Didier, primary, Nikiema, Christelle S, additional, Maman, Issaka, additional, Sakandé, Souleymane, additional, Bozio, Catherine H, additional, Tall, Haoua, additional, Sadji, Adodo Yao, additional, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, additional, Sibabe, Agoro, additional, Landoh, Dadja E, additional, Abodji, Essofa O, additional, Kodjo, Agbenoko, additional, Tamekloe, Tsidi A, additional, Essoh, Téné Alima, additional, Maba, Détèma W, additional, Gessner, Bradford D, additional, and Moïsi, Jennifer C, additional

Published
2019
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37. Global emergence and population dynamics of divergent serotype 3 CC180 pneumococci

Author

Azarian, Taj, primary, Mitchell, Patrick K., additional, Georgieva, Maria, additional, Thompson, Claudette M., additional, Ghouila, Amel, additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Kwambana-Adams, Brenda A., additional, Clarke, Stuart C., additional, Everett, Dean, additional, Cornick, Jennifer, additional, Sadowy, Ewa, additional, Hryniewicz, Waleria, additional, Skoczynska, Anna, additional, Moïsi, Jennifer C., additional, McGee, Lesley, additional, Beall, Bernard, additional, Metcalf, Benjamin J., additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Ho, PL, additional, Reid, Raymond, additional, O’Brien, Katherine L., additional, Gladstone, Rebecca A., additional, Bentley, Stephen D., additional, and Hanage, William P., additional

Published
2018
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38. Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in Western Burkina Faso: Results From a Clinical Trial of Alternative Immunization Schedules

Author

Moïsi, Jennifer C, primary, Yaro, Seydou, additional, Kroman, Sita S, additional, Gouem, Clarisse, additional, Bayane, Dramane, additional, Ganama, Seydou, additional, Meda, Bertrand, additional, Nacro, Boubacar, additional, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, additional, Ouangraoua, Soumeya, additional, Ouedraogo, Issaka, additional, Sakande, Souleymane, additional, Sawadogo, Francois, additional, Zida, Sylvie, additional, Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco, additional, and Gessner, Bradford D, additional

Published
2018
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39. Geographic access to care is not a determinant of child mortality in a rural Kenyan setting with high health facility density

Author

Williams Thomas N, Noor Abdisalan M, Gatakaa Hellen, Moïsi Jennifer C, Bauni Evasius, Tsofa Benjamin, Levine Orin S, and Scott J Anthony G

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Policy-makers evaluating country progress towards the Millennium Development Goals also examine trends in health inequities. Distance to health facilities is a known determinant of health care utilization and may drive inequalities in health outcomes; we aimed to investigate its effects on childhood mortality. Methods The Epidemiological and Demographic Surveillance System in Kilifi District, Kenya, collects data on vital events and migrations in a population of 220,000 people. We used Geographic Information Systems to estimate pedestrian and vehicular travel times to hospitals and vaccine clinics and developed proportional-hazards models to evaluate the effects of travel time on mortality hazard in children less than 5 years of age, accounting for sex, ethnic group, maternal education, migrant status, rainfall and calendar time. Results In 2004-6, under-5 and under-1 mortality ratios were 65 and 46 per 1,000 live-births, respectively. Median pedestrian and vehicular travel times to hospital were 193 min (inter-quartile range: 125-267) and 49 min (32-72); analogous values for vaccine clinics were 47 (25-73) and 26 min (13-40). Infant and under-5 mortality varied two-fold across geographic locations, ranging from 34.5 to 61.9 per 1000 child-years and 8.8 to 18.1 per 1000, respectively. However, distance to health facilities was not associated with mortality. Hazard Ratios (HR) were 0.99 (95% CI 0.95-1.04) per hour and 1.01 (95% CI 0.95-1.08) per half-hour of pedestrian and vehicular travel to hospital, respectively, and 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.04) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1.05) per quarter-hour of pedestrian and vehicular travel to vaccine clinics in children Conclusions Significant spatial variations in mortality were observed across the area, but were not correlated with distance to health facilities. We conclude that given the present density of health facilities in Kenya, geographic access to curative services does not influence population-level mortality.

Published
2010
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40. Sequelae due to bacterial meningitis among African children: a systematic literature review

Author

Moïsi Jennifer C, Steinhardt Laura C, Ulland Aaron J, Ramakrishnan Meenakshi, Were Fred, and Levine Orin S

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background African children have some of the highest rates of bacterial meningitis in the world. Bacterial meningitis in Africa is associated with high case fatality and frequent neuropsychological sequelae. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive review of data on bacterial meningitis sequelae in children from the African continent. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies from Africa focusing on children aged between 1 month to 15 years with laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis. We extracted data on neuropsychological sequelae (hearing loss, vision loss, cognitive delay, speech/language disorder, behavioural problems, motor delay/impairment, and seizures) and mortality, by pathogen. Results A total of 37 articles were included in the final analysis representing 21 African countries and 6,029 children with confirmed meningitis. In these studies, nearly one fifth of bacterial meningitis survivors experienced in-hospital sequelae (median = 18%, interquartile range (IQR) = 13% to 27%). About a quarter of children surviving pneumococcal meningitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis had neuropsychological sequelae by the time of hospital discharge, a risk higher than in meningococcal meningitis cases (median = 7%). The highest in-hospital case fatality ratios observed were for pneumococcal meningitis (median = 35%) and Hib meningitis (median = 25%) compared to meningococcal meningitis (median = 4%). The 10 post-discharge studies of children surviving bacterial meningitis were of varying quality. In these studies, 10% of children followed-up post discharge died (range = 0% to 18%) and a quarter of survivors had neuropsychological sequelae (range = 3% to 47%) during an average follow-up period of 3 to 60 months. Conclusion Bacterial meningitis in Africa is associated with high mortality and risk of neuropsychological sequelae. Pneumococcal and Hib meningitis kill approximately one third of affected children and cause clinically evident sequelae in a quarter of survivors prior to hospital discharge. The three leading causes of bacterial meningitis are vaccine preventable, and routine use of conjugate vaccines could provide substantial health and economic benefits through the prevention of childhood meningitis cases, deaths and disability.

Published
2009
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41. Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in Western Burkina Faso: Results From a Clinical Trial of Alternative Immunization Schedules.

Author

Moïsi, Jennifer C, Yaro, Seydou, Kroman, Sita S, Gouem, Clarisse, Bayane, Dramane, Ganama, Seydou, Meda, Bertrand, Nacro, Boubacar, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Ouangraoua, Soumeya, Ouedraogo, Issaka, Sakande, Souleymane, Sawadogo, Francois, Zida, Sylvie, Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco, and Gessner, Bradford D

Subjects
*MORTALITY prevention, *PNEUMONIA-related mortality, *DECISION support systems, *IMMUNIZATION, *IMMUNOGENETICS, *IMMUNOGLOBULINS, *MEDICAL databases, *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, *MEDICAL protocols, *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines, *STATISTICAL sampling, *STREPTOCOCCAL diseases, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *SEROTYPES, *CHILDREN
Abstract

Background Many African countries have introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into their routine immunization program to reduce the burden of morbidity and death that results from Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, yet immunogenicity and reactogenicity data from the region are limited for the 2 available PCV products. Methods We conducted a randomized trial of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Infants received 3 doses of PCV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age or at 6 weeks, 14 weeks, and 9 months of age; toddlers received 2 doses 2 months apart or 1 dose beginning at 12 to 15 months of age; and children received 1 dose between 2 and 4 years of age. We measured each participant's serotype-specific serum immunoglobulin G concentration and opsonophagocytic activity before and after vaccination. For each age group, we compared immune responses between study arms and between the standard schedule in our study and the PCV13-licensing trials. Results In total, 280 infants, 302 toddlers, and 81 children were assigned randomly and underwent vaccination; 268, 235, and 77 of them completed follow-up, respectively. PCV13 resulted in low reactogenicity in all the study arms. The vaccine elicited a strong primary immune response in infants after 2 or more doses and in children aged 1 to 4 years after 1 dose. Infants who received a booster dose exhibited a robust memory response. Immunogenicity was higher than or comparable to that observed in the PCV13-licensing trials for a majority of serotypes in all 3 age groups. Conclusions PCV13 has a satisfactory immunogenicity and reactogenicity profile in this population. Our findings will help support decision making by countries regarding their infant and catch-up vaccination schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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42. Burden of Pneumococcal Disease in Northern Togo before the Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Author

Moïsi, Jennifer C., Makawa, Makawa-Sy, Tall, Haoua, Agbenoko, Kodjo, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Tamekloe, Stanislas, Amidou, Moussa, Mueller, Judith E, Gessner, Bradford D., Agence de Médecine Préventive, Ministry of Health [Togo], Agence de Médecine Préventive [Burkina Faso], École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Département Méthodes quantitatives en santé publique (METIS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), This study was funded by an Investigator Initiated Research grant from Pfizer (WS951939). BG, HT, BMNL, JCM work for AMP and receive research funding from Pfizer and GSK, manufacturers of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines., We thank the PneumoTone study team at AMP for their continuous work for the success of the project: C Bouyssou, E Espie, S Kroman, A Leblond, D Mounkoro, M Ouedraogo, E Rosser, O Sanou, F Sawadogo and L Tidjani. We thank clinicians and laboratory staff at Centre Hospitalier Regional-Dapaong, Hopital Pediatrique Yendube, Clinique Win’Pang, Centre Medical des Armees, Polyclinique-Dapaong and Centre Hospitalier Prefectoral-Cinkasse, Pr Ndakena, Pr Atakouma and Pr Prince-David for expert input on all scientific aspects of the study, B Chandler for chest X-ray interpretation, JN Telles, G Paranhos-Baccala, A Rajoharison, M Van der Linden, M Kheir-Taha and M Slack for molecular testing of blood and nasopharyngeal specimens and characterization of bacterial strains., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)

Subjects
Bacterial Diseases, MESH: Vaccines, Conjugate, Pulmonology, Epidemiology, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Meningitis, Pneumococcal, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Geographical Locations, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, lcsh:Science, Vaccines, Meningitis, Pneumococcal, Hematology, Pneumococcus, Vaccination and Immunization, Body Fluids, Bacterial Pathogens, Infectious Diseases, Blood, Neurology, Medical Microbiology, Togo, Anatomy, Pathogens, Research Article, MESH: Pneumococcal Vaccines, Inflammatory Diseases, Immunology, Microbiology, Bacterial Meningitis, Burkina Faso, Humans, MESH: Burkina Faso, Meningitis, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Humans, Vaccines, Conjugate, Bacteria, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Streptococcus, Pneumonia, Age Groups, MESH: Togo, Conjugate Vaccines, People and Places, Africa, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Population Groupings, Preventive Medicine
Abstract

International audience; Background: S. pneumoniae is a leading cause of meningitis morbidity and mortality in the African meningitis belt, but little is known of its contribution to the burden of pneumonia in the region. We aimed to estimate the incidence of pneumococcal disease in children and adults in northern Togo, before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). Methods and findings: From May 1st 2010 to April 30th 2013, we systematically enrolled all hospitalized patients meeting a case definition of suspected meningitis or clinical pneumonia, residing in Tone or Cinkasse districts, northern Togo and providing informed consent. We collected clinical data and tested biological specimens according to standardized procedures, including bacteriology and PCR testing of cerebro-spinal fluid for meningitis patients and blood cultures and whole blood lytA PCR for pneumonia patients. Chest X-rays (CXR) were interpreted using the WHO methodology. We included 404 patients with meningitis (104 \textless5 years of age) and 1550 with pneumonia (251 \textless5 years) over the study period. Of these, 78 (19%) had pneumococcal meningitis (13 \textless5 years), 574 (37%) had radiologically-confirmed pneumonia (83 \textless5 years) and 73 (5%) had culture-confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia (2 \textless5 years). PCV13 serotypes caused 79% (54/68) of laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis and 83% (29/35) of culture-confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia. Serotype 1 predominated in meningitis (n = 33) but not in pneumonia patients (n = 1). The incidence of pneumococcal disease was 7.5 per 100,000 among children \textless5 years of age and 14.8 in persons 5 years of age and above in the study area. When considering CXR-confirmed and blood PCR-positive pneumonia cases as likely pneumococcal, incidence estimates increased to 43.7 and 66.0 per 100,000 in each of these age groups, respectively. Incidence was at least 3-fold higher when we restricted the analysis to the urban area immediately around the study hospitals. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the important role of S. pneumoniae as a meningitis and pneumoniacausing pathogen in the African meningitis belt. Pneumococcal disease incidence in our population was substantially lower than expected from global models; we hypothesize that poor access to hospital care led us to substantially underestimate the burden of disease. Surveillance is ongoing and will enable an evaluation of PCV impact, providing novel, high quality data from the region.

Published
2016

44. Identification ofStreptococcus suisMeningitis through Population-Based Surveillance, Togo, 2010–2014

Author

Tall, Haoua, primary, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, additional, Mounkoro, Didier, additional, Tidjani, Loukoumane, additional, Agbenoko, Kodjo, additional, Alassani, Issifou, additional, Amidou, Moussa, additional, Tamekloe, Stanislas, additional, Laing, Kenneth G., additional, Witney, Adam A., additional, Hinds, Jason, additional, van der Linden, Mark P.G., additional, Gessner, Bradford D., additional, and Moïsi, Jennifer C., additional

Published
2016
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45. The definition of pneumonia, the assessment of severity, and clinical standardization in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study

Author

Scott, J Anthony G, Wonodi, Chizoba, Moïsi, Jennifer C, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, DeLuca, Andrea N, Karron, Ruth A, Bhat, Niranjan, Murdoch, David R, Crawley, Jane, Levine, Orin S, O'Brien, Katherine L, Feikin, Daniel R, and Pneumonia Methods Working Group

Abstract

To develop a case definition for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) project, we sought a widely acceptable classification that was linked to existing pneumonia research and focused on very severe cases. We began with the World Health Organization's classification of severe/very severe pneumonia and refined it through literature reviews and a 2-stage process of expert consultation. PERCH will study hospitalized children, aged 1-59 months, with pneumonia who present with cough or difficulty breathing and have either severe pneumonia (lower chest wall indrawing) or very severe pneumonia (central cyanosis, difficulty breastfeeding/drinking, vomiting everything, convulsions, lethargy, unconsciousness, or head nodding). It will exclude patients with recent hospitalization and children with wheeze whose indrawing resolves after bronchodilator therapy. The PERCH investigators agreed upon standard interpretations of the symptoms and signs. These will be maintained by a clinical standardization monitor who conducts repeated instruction at each site and by recurrent local training and testing.

Published
2012

46. Virulence Factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Comparison between African and French Invasive Isolates and Implication for Future Vaccines

Author

Blumental, Sophie, primary, Granger-Farbos, Alexandra, additional, Moïsi, Jennifer C., additional, Soullié, Bruno, additional, Leroy, Philippe, additional, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, additional, Yaro, Seydou, additional, Nacro, Boubacar, additional, Hallin, Marie, additional, and Koeck, Jean-Louis, additional

Published
2015
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47. Geographic access to care is not a determinant of child mortality in a rural Kenyan setting with high health facility density.

Author

Moïsi, Jennifer C., Gatakaa, Hellen, Noor, Abdisalan M, Williams, Thomas N., Bauni, Evasius, Tsofa, Benjamin, Levine, Orin S., Scott, J. Anthony G., and Moïsi, Jennifer C

Subjects
*CHILD mortality, *HEALTH services accessibility, *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, *EPIDEMIOLOGY
Abstract

Background: Policy-makers evaluating country progress towards the Millennium Development Goals also examine trends in health inequities. Distance to health facilities is a known determinant of health care utilization and may drive inequalities in health outcomes; we aimed to investigate its effects on childhood mortality.Methods: The Epidemiological and Demographic Surveillance System in Kilifi District, Kenya, collects data on vital events and migrations in a population of 220,000 people. We used Geographic Information Systems to estimate pedestrian and vehicular travel times to hospitals and vaccine clinics and developed proportional-hazards models to evaluate the effects of travel time on mortality hazard in children less than 5 years of age, accounting for sex, ethnic group, maternal education, migrant status, rainfall and calendar time.Results: In 2004-6, under-5 and under-1 mortality ratios were 65 and 46 per 1,000 live-births, respectively. Median pedestrian and vehicular travel times to hospital were 193 min (inter-quartile range: 125-267) and 49 min (32-72); analogous values for vaccine clinics were 47 (25-73) and 26 min (13-40). Infant and under-5 mortality varied two-fold across geographic locations, ranging from 34.5 to 61.9 per 1000 child-years and 8.8 to 18.1 per 1000, respectively. However, distance to health facilities was not associated with mortality. Hazard Ratios (HR) were 0.99 (95% CI 0.95-1.04) per hour and 1.01 (95% CI 0.95-1.08) per half-hour of pedestrian and vehicular travel to hospital, respectively, and 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.04) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1.05) per quarter-hour of pedestrian and vehicular travel to vaccine clinics in children <5 years of age.Conclusions: Significant spatial variations in mortality were observed across the area, but were not correlated with distance to health facilities. We conclude that given the present density of health facilities in Kenya, geographic access to curative services does not influence population-level mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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