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Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the coronal seal of root canals prepared by two NiTi systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted human teeth with single root canal were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The working length was determined for each tooth. Thirty teeth were divided into three groups ten of each. Group I teeth were prepared by Pro-Taper NiTi rotary instruments, then obturated by matched-taper single cone. Group II teeth were prepared by Ra-Ce NiTi rotary instruments and obturated also by matched-taper single cone. Group III teeth were pre-pared by hand K-files instrument then obturated by gutta percha lateral condensation technique. Remaining teeth were used as control group, three positive and three negative control. Tgadeseal was used as root canal sealer for all groups in this study. Dye penetration method was used to evaluate the coronal seal using a steromicroscope at 40X magnification. All teeth (experimental group and control groups) were longitudinally sectioned for examination of dye penetration. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's tests was used for statistical analysis. There was significant differences between the groups (p< 0.05). Results: Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that there was no statistical significant difference in coronal seal between the two systems. While, there was a significant difference between the two rotary Ni-Ti systems and the hand K-files instrument. Conclusion: The use of Ni-Ti rotary instrument for root canal preparation shows least coronal microleakage in comparision with hand K-files instrument.

Abstract Aims: To investigate the incidence of handpiece asepsis in general dental practice in Mosul City and to evaluate the problems associated with routine handpiece sterilization which are commonly needed by those practitioners. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was designed to collect the information about handpiece asepsis techniques performed by dentists. One hundred twenty dentists in Mosul City were randomly selected and the data were analyzed. Results: About 55.8% of the respondents know about the importance of handpiece sterilization, but no one do ideal sterilization between each patient due to absence of sufficient number of handpiece and lack of autoclave system in clinics. No one disinfect the handpiece scientifically; 59.38% smear the handpiece between each patient by one of the antiseptic solutions. Conclusion: Handpiece asepsis in Mosul dental clinics is poor. Most of dentists depend on disinfection by disinfectant solution to prevent cross infection by handpieces. Most dentists, because of their poor equipment in both private and national clinics, cannot sterilize handpieces after each patient

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 10% water extraction of Salvadora persica (Miswak) when used clinically as an endodontic irrigant. Twenty four uniradicular teeth with necrotic pulps were chosen. The patients were divided randomly into 2 groups: Experimental group, in which water extract of Salvadora persica (10%) was used as a root canal irrigant; and control group, in which distilled water was used as a root canal irrigant. Bacteriological samples were obtained from the canal at the step of working length determination (before the canal was subjected to instrumentation and irrigation procedures), and at the end of the biomechanical instrumentation procedures by using a sterile K–file. The file was separated from the handle using a sterile wire cutter, and the severed portion was placed in a sterile screw–capped vial containing 5 ml of thioglycollate broth as a transport media. A 0.1 ml of thioglycollate broth was inoculated on each of two brain–heart infusion agar plates: One plate was incubated under aerobic conditions, and the other was incubated under anaerobic conditions using anaerobic jar and gas pack anaerobic system. Both plates were incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours; then, the number of bacterial colonies was counted. The results revealed that 10% water extraction of Salvadora persica is an effective antimicrobial agent when utilized clinically as an irrigant in the endodontic treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps.

The aim of this study was to evaluate amalgam and composite resin restorations work in private practice in Mosul City. A list of dentist practicing in private clinics was obtained from the Iraqi Dental Association in Mosul City.One hundred sixty dentists involved in the questionnaire were selected randomly from a total of 200 dentists in the list supplied. The questionnaire concerned with the step–by–step restorative treatment including diagnosis and case selection, cavity preparation, types of liners and bases used, amalgam restoration and direct esthetic restorations.The results revealed that 100% of the respondents perform restorative dental therapy in their private clinics. The results also revealed an evaluation (as percentage) for most of steps concerned with direct restorative techniques.