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Several infections can predispose to certain malignancies in different body parts. These infections include viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of these neoplastic conditions. Furthermore, it can help in differentiating infection-related non-neoplastic processes that can mimic malignancies. Both radiologists and clinicians should be familiar with these conditions. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and imaging features of infection-related tumors.

Elder abuse may result in serious physical injuries and long-term psychological consequences and can be life threatening. Over the past decade, attention to elder abuse has increased owing to its high prevalence, with one in six people aged 60 years and older experiencing some form of abuse worldwide. Despite this, the detection and reporting rates remain relatively low. While diagnostic imaging is considered critical in detection of child abuse, it is relatively underused in elder abuse. The authors discuss barriers to use of imaging for investigation and diagnosis of elder abuse, including lack of training, comorbidities present in this vulnerable population, and lack of communication among the intra- and interdisciplinary care providers. Moreover, imaging features that should raise clinical concern for elder abuse are reviewed, including certain types of fractures (eg, posterior rib), characteristic soft-tissue and organ injuries (eg, shoulder dislocation), and cases in which the reported mechanism of injury is inconsistent with the imaging findings. As most findings suggesting elder abuse are initially discovered at radiography and CT, the authors focus mainly on use of those modalities. This review also compares and contrasts elder abuse with child abuse. Empowered with knowledge of elderly victims' risk factors, classic perpetrator characteristics, and correlative imaging findings, radiologists should be able to identify potential abuse in elderly patients presenting for medical attention. Future recommendations for research studies and clinical workflow to increase radiologists' awareness of and participation in elder abuse detection are also presented.

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy, Electromyography (EMG) Guided Botulinum Toxin – A (BTX-A) Injection, and combination between them in treatment of recurrent TMJ Dislocation cases. Subjects and methods: This current study was carried out on 60 adult patients suffering from recurrent TMJ Dislocation. The patients divided equally into three groups, Group I: 20 patients were treated with EMG guided BTX-A injection. Group II: 20 patients were treated with dextrose prolotherapy. Group III: 20 patients were treated with combination of EMG guided BTX-A injection and dextrose prolotherapy. The clinical evaluation preoperatively and postoperatively (at 1week , 3 months , 6 months) included visual analog scale of TMJ pain, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and frequency of luxations . Radiographic evaluation using MRI was done preoperatively, and at 6 months. The collected data were then statistically analyzed. Results: best results were recorded in group III compared with other groups; at all intervals of study with significant reduction of pain score, and frequency of luxations beside to improvement of MMO measurements. Conclusion: the combination of EMG guided BTX-A injection and dextrose prolotherapy is a promising treatment in recurrent TMJ dislocation cases.

Abstract Quantum dots (QDs) possess characteristic chemical and optical features. In this light, ZnS QDs capped with glutathione (GSH) were synthesized via an easy aqueous co-precipitation technique. Fabricated QDs were characterized in terms of X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Zeta potential analyses. Optical properties were examined using photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectroscopies. Moreover, GSH-capped ZnS QDs were evaluated as an optical probe for non-enzymatic detection of urea depending on the quenching of PL intensity of ZnS QDs in the presence of urea from concentration range of 0.5–5 mM with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.995, sensitivity of 0.0875 mM−1 and LOD of 0.426 mM. Furthermore, GSH-capped ZnS QDs-urease conjugate was utilized as an optical probe for enzymatic detection of urea in the range from 1.0 µM to 5.0 mM. Interestingly, it was observed that urea has a good affinity towards ZnS QDs-urease conjugate with a linear relationship between the change of PL intensity and urea concentration. It was found that R2 is 0.997 with a sensitivity of 0.042 mM−1 for mM concentration (0.5–5 mM) and LOD of 0.401 mM. In case of µM concentration range (1–100 µM), R2 was 0.971 with a sensitivity of 0.0024 µM−1 and LOD of 0.687 µM. These data suggest that enzyme conjugation to capped QDs might improve their sensitivity and applicability. Graphical Abstract

Splenosis is an acquired form of ectopic splenic tissue that typically arises after trauma or splenectomy. It is often an incidental image finding in an otherwise asymptomatic patient, but the spectrum of symptoms varies based on the site of implantation. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of splenosis to avoid mistaking it for malignancy. Splenosis has identical imaging features to that of the native spleen on US, CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine examinations. Therefore, when the radiologic findings support the diagnosis of splenosis, the patient can be spared invasive procedures for tissue sampling.

Endoscopy can improve guidance in nonvascular procedures performed by interventional radiologists (IRs). Historically, the major limiting factors preventing the widespread use of endoscopic tools by IRs were the large diameter (20F) and length of the endoscopes. IRs had to significantly upsize their access into vascular organs such as the kidney and liver to allow endoscope placement. With the advent of newer endoscopes with sizes smaller than 11F (approximately 4 mm in diameter), percutaneous endoscopy has become more feasible than before. IRs routinely place percutaneous drains (eg, abscess drains, biliary drains, percutaneous nephrostomies, and percutaneous cholecystostomies). Once the drain is in position and the acute infection (if present) has resolved, the IR can use the percutaneous access to perform image-guided and endoscopically guided procedures, depending on the clinical situation. Most percutaneous image- and endoscopically guided interventions performed by IRs involve procedures for biliary and gallbladder pathologic conditions. Image-guided procedures with additional endoscopic guidance can also be used to manage urinary, gastrointestinal, and gynecologic pathologic conditions. The authors review the current applications and techniques of percutaneous endoscopy in interventional radiology. In unique situations, IRs can also perform endoscopy through natural orifices (eg, the urethra) or surgically created orifices (eg, urostomies). The authors also discuss the adjunctive techniques that are enhanced or made possible because of endoscopy in interventional radiology, including but not limited to endoscopic forceps biopsies, endobiliary ablation, laser stricturotomy, lithotripsy, and stone extraction.

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for reverse osmosis (RO) have become a significant target in various research. Herein, cellulose acetate membranes (CA) with Linde Type A (LTA) Zeolite Nanoparticles (ZNPs) were investigated as MMMs using the dry–wet phase inversion technique. Different percentages of LTA ZNPs were added to study their effect on the prepared MMMs. The hydrophilicity was studied by contact angle measurement. In addition, the performance of the MMMs was investigated through the RO unit cell using 10,000 ppm NaCl solution. It was shown that the salt rejection was found to be 86.8%, with a permeate water flux of 1.78 L/m2 h at 10 bar with 0.09 g of ZNPs compared with the pristine CA membrane which had a 96.5% salt rejection with a permeate water flux of 1 L/m2 h. On the other hand, the highest salt rejection obtained by this nanocomposite was 95.5% with 0.07 g ZNPs and permeate water flux of 1.3 L/m2 h.

Nanotoxicology is argued and considered one of the emerging topics. In this study, polyaniline (PANI)/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) capped silver nanoparticles (NPs)/graphene oxide (GO) quantum dots (QDs) nanocomposite (PANI/Ag (AMPSA)/GO QDs NC) as a nanoadsorbent has a potential for removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions from water. The acute toxicity of this NC was evaluated on Artemia salina and freshwater Ostracods (Cypridopsis vidua) larvae for 48 h. The measurements were made at 24 and 48 h with 3 repetitions. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of the NC were determined after the exposure of these organisms. According to the results of the optical microscope, it was found that both experimental organisms intake the NC. In the toxicity results of Ostracods, the NC had a highly toxic effect only at 250 mg/L after 48 h and the EC50 value was 157.6 ± 6.4 mg/L. For Artemia salina individuals, it was noted that they were less sensitive than the Ostracods and EC50 value was 476 ± 25.1 mg/L after 48 h. These results indicated that PANI/Ag (AMPSA)/GO QDs NC has low toxicity towards both investigated organisms.

Background: Radiomics is an emerging tool that involves the extraction of high-throughput features from medical images. These quantitative values can be used to develop predictive models for clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. We evaluated radiomic features-based models as imaging biomarkers in NSCLC patients. Methods: 71 patients with NSCLC treated with immunotherapy who had pretreatment CT chest with contrast were retrospectively evaluated. The main tumor and 1cm-thick peritumoral space surrounding the tumor were manually segmented using LIFEx software (IMIV/CEA, Orsay, France) by four physicians. Of 255 radiomic features collected, those with >0.4 of Fleiss’ kappa coefficient were selected. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm with mixed effects was used to develop multi-reader models and assess feature importance. The dataset was divided into a training set (75%) and a test set (25%). Bootstrapping with 1,000 iterations was conducted to estimate the model performance. Durable disease control was defined as having no progression of diseases per RECIST 1.1 up to 24 weeks from starting immunotherapy. Results: Among 71 patients, 35 (49.3%) are female and 36 (50.7%) are male. The median age was 66. 48 (67.6%) adenocarcinoma, 13 (18.3%) squamous cell carcinoma, and 10 (14.1%) other histologic types were included. 22 radiomic features were included based on importance in the prediction models from both the tumor and peritumoral space. Each model is trained to predict patients’ durable disease control, TTF1 expression, PD-L1 expression, histology (adenocarcinoma or not), and Neutrophils Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR; greater than 5 or not) status. The statistical results from the models to predict clinical outcomes are shown in Table. Conclusion: The radiomic features-based models lack accuracy in predicting clinical characteristics and outcomes. Further validation with larger cohorts is warranted. Statistics of radiomics-based models in predicting clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes Durable Disease Control(Yes/No)(n=64) TTF1 expression(Yes/No)(n=62) Histology(Adeno/Other)(n=71) NLR(>=5/ Citation Format: Jisang Yu, Yury Velichko, Hyeonseon Kim, Moataz Soliman, Nicolo Gennnaro, Leeseul Kim, Youjin Oh, Trie Arni Djunadi, Jeeyeon Lee, Liam Il-Young Chung, Sungmi Yoon, Zunairah Shah, Soowon Lee, Cecilia Nam, Timothy Hong, Rishi Agrawal, Pascale Aouad, Young Kwang Chae. Radiomics-based machine learning models to predict progression and biomarker status in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5619.

Many methods are used to detect x-ray are incapable of accounting for the high x-ray flux generated by modern x-ray Instruments. The major technology for measurement of x-ray dose rate in real time is the ionizing chambers detectors, but it has some disadvantages like complexity. Also it has large size due to the importance of gas volume and pressure, high voltages, signal cables, and other specialized parts needed for its operation. Advances in the technology of CdTe semiconductor in solar cells industries allow the development of an inexpensive and compact solid-state X-ray sensor. As X-ray photons pass through the diode, the photoelectric effect produces a photocurrent. The X-ray flux can be determined from this current. Four stacked diodes were connected in series to measure the device performance. It was observed that amplitude of the pulse formed due to exposed FTO/CdS/CdTe/Mo detector to X-ray of 33 keV and 1mA intensity is 1.03 V

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) among cancer patients is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Although a wide variety of etiologies contribute to GIB, special considerations should be made for cancer-related factors such as the type of malignancy, location and extent of disease, hemostatic parameters, and treatment effects. Key imaging modalities used to evaluate GIB include computed tomography angiography (CTA), radionuclide imaging, and catheter-based angiography. Understanding the cancer and treatment history and recognizing the associated imaging manifestations are important for identifying the source and potential causes of GIB in cancer patients. This article will review the common clinical presentations, causes, imaging manifestations, and angiographic management of GIB in cancer patients.

Uterine fibroids are the most common gynecologic neoplasm. Although non-degenerated fibroids are easily identifiable on imaging, degenerated fibroids, fibroid variants, and fibroids with unusual growth patterns can constitute a diagnostic dilemma. Identification of these abnormal morphologic features can alter the diagnosis of presumed uterine fibroids and hence change management plans. This article reviews the typical and atypical radiologic imaging features of uterine fibroids, with an emphasis on the pitfalls, mimics, and radiologically identifiable features that can alter clinical management plans.

Among various photoinduced hydrogen gas production techniques, photochemical catalytic water splitting is promising and an ideal future energy source because of the low cost, stability, and high sustainability of the reaction system features. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (NPS) as a photocatalyst for the splitting of water into hydrogen gas using solar energy is one of the noble missions of material science. In this work, pure aluminum oxide and L-methionine capped aluminum oxide NPs have been synthesized using the sol-gel method. The pure Al2O3 and capped Al2O3 NPs with L-methionine were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Zeta potential. It was found that the average particle sizes of Al2O3 NPs and capped Al2O3 NPs with L-methionine were 13 and 20 nm, respectively. L-methionine capped Al2O3 NPs had a higher negative charge with a potential of - 24.5 mV. The capping agent slightly improved the production of hydrogen from 44 to 60 ml at 75° C after 30 min under illumination.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are believed to be one of a promising choice of the third-generation technology platforms to address the increasing green energy demands. The main objective of this work is to fabricate a hole transport layer (HTL) based on doped polyaniline (PANI) and graphene oxide with different ratios. This layer was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, contact angle, Hall effect and current density–voltage measurements. Photoluminescence confirmed that the HTL of PANI/GO with 1:0.5 ratio had the highest efficiency to extract hole carriers. The conductivity and carrier concentrations of this layer were increased with the addition of small amounts of GO up to 1:0.5 and declined at the high ratio of 1:1. The optimal performance of the fabricated inverted PSC using HTL of PANI/GO with 1:0.5 ratio had short-current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and efficiency of 21.23 mA/cm2, 0.52 V, 0.67 and 9.24%, respectively.

Selective determination of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a stringent important due to its huge negative impact on the health and environment. Recently, the high sensitivity, rapidness, and cost-effectiveness of the fluorescent sensors for Cr(VI) have been developed. A fluorescent nanocomposite (NC) has been synthesized based on doped polyaniline (PANI), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) capped Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and graphene oxide (GO) quantum dots (QDs) via in situ reaction for highly selective sensing of Cr(VI) ions based on the luminescent quenching in the range from 0.01 to 7.5 mg/L. This NC showed an emission peak at 348 nm with a linear range from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/L and the low limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0065 mg/L (~ 6 µg/L). PANI/Ag (AMPSA) GO QDs NC displayed high selectivity for Cr(VI) over other common metal ions. Notably, the PANI/Ag (AMPSA) GO QDs NC can be used for distinguishing Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in solutions. The sensitive determination of Cr(VI) in real surface water samples was also confirmed and demonstrated recoveries in the range 95.3–99.2%. This NC will emerge as a new class of fluorescence materials that could be suitable for practical applications.

Eutectic molten salts are the most studied medium-high temperature thermal energy storage material due to their potential use in concentrated solar power plants. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on the thermal properties of eutectic molten salts. A binary nitrate eutectic mixture of NaNO3 and KNO3 was selected as a base material (BM) for nitrate/carbon-derivative composites. RGO and GQDs were individually mixed with the BM with different fractions ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 wt %. The results showed that RGO enhanced the thermal conductivity, heat of fusion, and total thermal energy storage capacity by 52.10%, 44.48%, and 10.44%, respectively. GQDs slightly improved the specific heat capacity for both solid and liquid phases by 2.53% and 3.13%, respectively. In addition, GQDs promoted the heat of fusion by 31.72% and raised the total TES capacity by 12.26%.

Surface science such as superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surfaces plays a sensitive function in a separating oil/water mixture as a result of increasing industrial oil and organic solvents drainage occurrence. In this work, copper hydroxide nanoneedles layer were synthesized onto Egyptian cotton fabrics (CF) treated with polydopamine, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and Cu NPs via facile immersion process. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the functionalized surface of CF with copper hydroxide layer. SEM images confirmed that the modified membranes were rougher compared with pure surface of CF. The contact angle measurement emphasized the hydrophobicity of the modified membranes and it was found that the water contact angle has a value of 168°. The absorption capacity of the modified CF membrane was 10.1 g g − 1 for diesel oil and the separation efficiency of this modified surface was higher than 99%. It was noted that the flux in the case of low viscosity solvent as n-hexane was 72,172.9 Lm− 2 h− 1, while for the viscous oil as diesel was 14,460.3 Lm− 2 h− 1.