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Effect of bruchid infestation on selected antinutritional factors, saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activities, of three (mung bean, chickpea and pigeon pea) legumes stored for six months was studied. The three antinutritional factors, saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), increased with increased storage period. Saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity values were significantly lower in control samples compared to stored infested samples. The difference between the contents of antinutritional factors were significant (p < 0.05) during different storage periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chickpea was infested at 20, 40, and 60% levels by Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Bruchids) and its protein quality was evaluated in comparison with that of uninfested chickpea and casein protein. The protein quality parameters used were protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein utilization (NPU), apparent protein digestibility (APD), true protein digestibility (TPD), biological value (BV) and net protein ratio (NPR). The proximate composition was also determined. The PER, BV, NPU, APD, TPD, NPR and nitrogen retention of casein protein was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than all the pulse proteins. The values for all these proteins for uninfested control were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the three infested pulse proteins. Within the infestation levels the nitrogen retention, APD, TPD, BV and NPR of the 20 and 40% infestation levels were similar. However, the NPU of proteins at all infestation levels differed significantly (p < 0.05). It may be concluded that, in general, an increase in the infestation levels by bruchids leads to a deterioration in the protein quality of chickpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influence of six (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60%) levels of bruchids infestation on the contents of selected antinutritional factors-phytic acid, saponins, trypsin inhibitors activity (TIA) of three (chickpea, red gram, and green gram) pulses was studied. Comparisons of infested samples were made with uninfested controls of each pulse. The three antinutritional factors viz TIA, phytic acid and saponins were found to increase with the increase in the level of infestation. All the control pulse values of the phytic acid, saponins and TIA were significantly lower than those of the infested samples. Barring a few exceptions, the differences in the contents of antinutritional factors in pulses infested at different levels were significant (P < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite rich source of protein and oil, wild (bitter) apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel is rarely exploited by food industries due to high amount of antinutrients and potentially toxic amygdalin. This study was aimed to assess the effect of detoxification on the biological quality of the wild apricot kernel (WAK)-supplemented diet in male Wistar albino rats., Results: In order to detoxify, WAK flour was soaked in 25% sodium chloride solution for 24 h followed by washing and drying. Results revealed that detoxification significantly (P < 0.05) improved the nutritional quality by reducing the content of antinutrients (tannins, flavonoids, trypsin inhibitor, saponins, oxalates, phytates and hydrocyanic acid) from raw WAK. When compared with the raw kernel group, the detoxified WAK group exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher values for growth performance parameters - namely feed consumed (169.14 ± 3.40 versus 152.14 ± 1.59 g), protein consumed (16.91 ± 0.63 versus 15.21 ± 0.68 g), weight gain (64.77 ± 2.59 versus 48.74 ± 0.62 g), protein efficiency ratio (3.83 ± 0.33 versus 3.20 ± 0.36), feed efficiency ratio (0.38 ± 0.017 vs 0.32 ± 0.02), biological value (73.62 ± 4.53 versus 65.26 ± 4.60%), apparent protein digestibility (78.55 ± 1.37 versus 70.35 ± 2.66%), true protein digestibility and net protein utilization, suggesting a prominent effect of detoxification in order to improve the biological quality of the WAK., Conclusion: Detoxification improved the biological quality of the WAK-supplemented diet. Hence, detoxified kernel flour could be utilized as an economic and quality source of protein and oil for the supplementation of value-added food products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of conventional TMJ imaging in depicting osseous changes in mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) by comparing the finding against CT and with an objective that if conventional TMJ imaging modality can appreciate the osseous changes in RA and OA then what is the need for CT scan. Thus further reducing the patient's radiation dose., Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients (40 Rheumatoid Arthritis; 30 Osteoarthritis) were taken in the study aged between 40 - 60 years and divided in to age groups. Then according to clinical history they were divided according to being symptomatic and asymptomatic. Further radiographic examination was carried out. First the trans-cranial view was obtained (conventional view left and right TMJ) and subsequently a CT scan was obtained and the interpretation was carried out to note the osseous changes like erosion, flattening, sclerosis and osteophyte formation., Results: After comparison of the two radiographic methods it was observed that both were equally efficacious in evaluating the osseous changes in arthritic patients., Conclusion: Thus, it was concluded that when both the radiographic methods (conventional and CT scan) are equally efficacious in evaluating the osseous degenerative changes of TMJ in arthritis. Thus we should prefer the conventional technique so that the patient in not exposed to unnecessary radiation dosage., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The present investigation was aimed to study the effect of detoxification on the nutrients and antinutrients of wild apricot kernel followed by its hypocholesterolemic effect in male Wistar albino rats. The results revealed a non-significant (p > 0.05) effect of detoxification on the proximate composition except total carbohydrates and protein content. However, detoxification led to a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in l-ascorbic acid (76.82%), β-carotene (25.90%), dietary fiber constituents (10.51-28.92%), minerals (4.76-31.08%) and antinutritional factors (23.92-77.05%) (phenolics, tannins, trypsin inhibitor activity, saponins, phytic acid, alkaloids, flavonoids, oxalates) along with the complete removal (100%) of bitter and potentially toxic hydrocyanic acid (HCN). The quality parameters of kernel oil indicated no adverse effects of detoxification on free fatty acids, lipase activity, acid value and peroxide value, which remained well below the maximum permissible limit. Blood lipid profile demonstrated that the detoxified apricot kernel group exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels of HDL-cholesterol (48.79%) and triglycerides (15.09%), and decreased levels of total blood cholesterol (6.99%), LDL-C (22.95%) and VLDL-C (7.90%) compared to that of the raw (untreated) kernel group. Overall, it can be concluded that wild apricot kernel flour could be detoxified efficiently by employing a simple, safe, domestic and cost-effective method, which further has the potential for formulating protein supplements and value-added food products.

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a developmental anomaly of the skeleton and the teeth. This condition may be inherited and be transmitted as dominant characteristics in either gender, or may appear spontaneously. It presents with skeletal defects of several bones, such as partial or complete absence of clavicles, late closure of the fontanels, presence of open skull sutures and multiple wormian bones. The dental manifestations are mainly delayed exfoliation of primary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth with multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. This case of a 20 year old girl is noteworthy to the dentist as it deals with clinical and radiological features (a high number of impacted and supernumerary teeth as well as brachycephaly, frontal bossing and hypermobility of shoulders) which may come handy in clinical practice.

Background: The most commonly employed investigative procedure for monitoring glucose levels is blood investigation, which is invasive and gives discomfort to the patient. The purpose of the study was to validate a noninvasive, easy, and reliable method for predicting glucose levels in Type 1 diabetics and to validate a regression equation for converting the known values of salivary glucose to blood glucose., Materials and Methods: 200 volunteers consisting of 100 Type 1 diabetics and 100 healthy controls were included, and their fasting blood and salivary glucose levels were assessed, using a semi-auto analyzer., Results: On analysis of the data, statistically significant positive results were obtained (P < 0.05) when the blood and salivary glucose levels were considered among the study group participants, control group participants, and both study and control group participants. A cut-off value for salivary glucose (11.60 mg%) was defined, above which a person may be considered as diabetic. Also, the regression equation was obtained which could be used for the conversion of known value of salivary glucose to blood glucose and vice versa., Conclusion: The present study successfully demonstrated the role of saliva as a noninvasive and reliable marker for the prediction of glucose levels in Type 1 diabetics who show elevated blood glucose levels.

Ameloblastoma is an uncommon epithelial odontogenic neoplasm that is nonmineralized, locally aggressive, and, in most cases, benign. Most ameloblastomas develop in the molar-ramus region of the mandible with 70% of them arising in the molar-ramus area. Radiologically they are unilocular or multilocular radiolucency with a honeycomb or soap bubble appearance. The radiographic appearance of ameloblastoma can vary according to the type of tumor. CT is usually helpful in determining the contours of the lesion, its contents, and its extension into soft and hard tissues. Through this case we would bring to light some of the unusual CT findings which include the destruction of the surrounding structures by the lesion which appeared to be normal routine lesion when viewed clinically.

Objectives: Brain metastases (BM) are a significant complication of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The high incidence of BM in HER2 overexpressing MBC is now well recognized, however, the optimal management of such patients is not yet clearly defined. We aimed to analyze factors affecting survival after diagnosis of BM in patients treated in our center., Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of survival in all patients treated with antineoplastic therapy for BM from MBC in our institution between May 1st 2002 and April 30th 2005, according to HER2 expression and use of trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM., Results: The median survival of the 26 patients with HER2 overexpressing disease after diagnosis of BM was significantly longer than that of the 60 patients with HER2 nonoverexpressing disease (6.2 vs. 3.8 months, P = 0.027). Further analysis revealed that this seems to be due to the favorable outcome of the 70% (n = 18) of HER2 overexpressing patients who received trastuzumab after BM were diagnosed. Median survival of this group was 11.9 months, compared with 3.8 months (HER2 nonoverexpressing disease, P = 0.002) and 3.0 months (HER2 overexpressing disease not treated with trastuzumab after development of BM, P = 0.05)., Conclusion: Patients with HER2 overexpressing MBC who received trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM survived longer than expected. This finding justifies an active therapeutic approach: disease progression within central nervous system does not preclude benefit from trastuzumab treatment.

Mineral content of three insect (pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L.) infested legumes viz. chick pea, mung pea and pigeon pea stored for six months and treated with three edible oils viz. groundnut, mustard and coconut oil has been studied. With increase in storage period significant increase in calcium, phosphorus and iron content of untreated legumes was observed. After three months of storage slight increase in three minerals was observed in the legumes treated with coconut oil which continued till the end of sixth months as compared to other two oil treated counterparts. The storage period was associated with insect infestation which in turn influenced the mineral content of legumes. Ground nut and mustard oils were able to protect legumes for six months against insect infestation when applied in small amounts (0.5%). Whereas coconut oil had protective effect against insect infestation for four months only.

Wheat treated with mint and eucalyptus leaves powder was stored for six months in four different storage structures viz., jute bags, peru (made from bamboo strips), metal bins and polythene bags. Samples were analysed at monthly intervals for physico-chemical characteristics. After six months of storage, per cent damage increased, whereas weight and density decreased in untreated wheat, but no significant (P < 0.05) changes were observed in treated grains. Proximate principles increased significantly (P < 0.05) in untreated grains except crude fat which decreased, but no significant changes were observed in their treated counterparts. Mint leaves powder was able to protect wheat stored in different storage structures for 6 months, whereas eucalyptus leaves had their protective effects only for 5 months.

Bengal gram (Cicer aritinum) was infested with Callosobruchis Chinensis (L) at 20%, 40% and 60% level of infestation and fed to rats for 40 days. Effect of incorporation of uninfested and infested bengal gram on feed intake, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER), true protein digestibility (TPD), biological value (BV), net protein utilization(NPU) and changes in internal organs were studied. Inclusion of infested grains had significant effect on the utilization of proteins. Diets having 60% infested grains had lower PER, TPD, BV and NPU. With increase in level of infestation weight of liver, kidney and spleen decreased significantly.

Effect of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) infestation was seen on the carbohydrate and dietary fibre content of chickpea, green gram and pigeon pea at 10,20,30,40,50 and 60 per cent levels of infestation. With increase in level of infestation energy, starch, total sugars and non-reducing sugars decreased, whereas significant increase in the reducing sugars, crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was observed.

Coconut, groundnut and mustard oil treated whole red gram, green gram and bengal gram were infested with Callosobruchus chinensis (L.), stored for 6 months, and observed at monthly intervals for antinutritional factors (phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and saponins). The values of phytic acid and TIA of treated and untreated pulses were similar at month one. The saponin content of green gram and Bengal gram were, however, higher in control than the oil treated pulses at month one. From month two to six the untreated controls had progressively more antinutrients than their oil treated counterparts. In mustard and groundnut oil treated pulses, the antinutrients remained static for 6 months, however, coconut oil treated pulse had increased antinutrients from end of month four onwards. The storage period was associated with the level of insect infestation which in turn influenced the antinutrient contents of pulses.