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Purpose: Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of developing premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanisms behind this are not fully understood, but microvascular alterations have been documented in retinal arterioles and venules. The aim of this study was to use non‐invasive retinal imaging to investigate the structural and functional properties of arterioles, venules and capillaries in this patient group. Methods: We examined 27 women with previous HDP and 23 controls at 3 years postpartum. The retinal microvasculature was assessed by vessel calibre measurements, retinal oximetry and optical coherence tomography angiography. Differences were analysed using non‐parametric tests and multiple regression analyses, adjusted for age and body mass index. Results: Median arteriolar oxygen saturation (SaO2; 94.2% vs. 93.0%), venular oxygen saturation (SvO2; 60.1% vs. 62.4%) and arteriovenous saturation difference (AV‐difference; 32.8% vs. 32.3%) were similar across groups. Capillary vessel density (VD; 46.2% vs. 46.3%), skeletonised VD (VSD; 21.3 vs. 21.1 mm/mm2) and vessel diameter index (21.65 vs. 21.86) were also comparable. In the HDP group, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was positively correlated with AV‐difference (R2 = 0.209) and negatively correlated with arteriolar diameter (CRAE; r2 = 0.382). Conclusions: Structural microvascular alterations appear not to be key biomarkers for CVD risk after HDP as early as 3 years postpartum in otherwise healthy women. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether such changes occur later in life. MAP was associated with AV‐difference only in the HDP group, suggesting specific mechanisms affecting functional microvascular properties in these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims (i) To establish whether low maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) is associated with a poorer prognosis after TVT-surgery, and if so to establish an MUCP cut-off value for poor outcome. (ii) To characterize the population with a low MUCP. Methods Retrospective analysis of data from 6,646 women with stress/mixed urinary incontinence included in the Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry. Postoperative subjective (degree of satisfaction), objective (leakage on stress test) and composite cure according to preoperative MUCP were analyzed in unadjusted and adjusted analysis. Preoperative variables were compared between women having a low or normal MUCP. Non-parametric tests were used on continuous variables and χ2 tests on categorical variables. Logistic regression was used for the adjusted analysis. Level of significance: P < 0.05. Results An analysis of centiles of preoperative MUCP showed that a cut-off at 20 cm H2O did best identify women at risk of not being cured. In unadjusted analysis MUCP ≤20 cm H2O (n = 422) was associated with objective (OR: 2.48), subjective (OR: 1.60), and composite failure (OR: 1.95) compared to MUCP >20 cm H2O. In adjusted analysis MUCP ≤20 cm H2O was associated with neither objective, subjective, nor composite failure. Women with MUCP <20 cm H2O were preoperatively significantly older, had larger leakage on stress and 24 h pad test, lower mean voided volume and maximum flow rate and higher stress and urge indices. Conclusions Women with MUCP ≤20 cm H2O have similar objective, subjective, and composite outcomes after TVT-surgery compared to women with MUCP >20 cm H2O after adjusting for preoperative variables. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1320-1324, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare intermittent catheterization, sling mobilization, and sling transection for treatment of urinary retention after mid-urethral sling surgery. Methods Data registered in the Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry from 1998 to 2013 were analyzed in this cohort study to compare subjective and objective outcomes after intermittent catheterization, sling mobilization, and sling transection as management of postoperative urinary retention after mid urethral sling surgery. Subjective outcomes were degree of symptom bother and the percentage of women stating 'very satisfied' at the postoperative follow-up. The objective outcome was leakage at a cough-jump pad stress test. Results Intervention due to urinary retention was performed in 585 of 18,772 women (3.1%). Women who had their sling mobilized or had intermittent catheterization, scored better on all postoperative outcomes than those who had their sling transected ( P < 0.001). Sling transection was more often needed after intermittent catheterization than after mobilization ( P = 0.023). No outcome differences were found between intermittent catheterization only and sling mobilization only. Intention to treat analysis showed that women who underwent sling mobilization as the primary procedure significantly more often had a negative stress test ( P = 0.033) and were more often 'very satisfied' with the treatment ( P = 0.006) than those who were primarily catheterized. Conclusions Sling mobilization is a more successful treatment than intermittent catheterization or transection for urinary retention after mid-urethral sling surgery. Clinical Trial Registration Clinical trial registration was not applicable because this study is based on an analysis of anonymous data from The Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1091-1096, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]