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All emergency vehicles are designed and certified to better respond to emergencies. Also, emergency vehicles have the legal right to violate the highway code to get to a certain area as quickly as possible. The victim's existence is helpless in the event of a stroke of fate or an emergency. Because of the visitors, emergency vehicles also have to give way to get to the scene. This change can also further increase the victim's chance of death. Therefore, to solve the problem, it is crucial to plan and limit travel time so that emergency vehicles use their maximum capacity. Preventive service can be a means for emergency vehicles to reach their intended vacation spot in a much shorter time. So, there is a call to address this emergency vehicle action. This look at strategies is an intelligent detection utility to deal with alarming traffic jams. This mission aims to simulate the intelligent detection of emergency vehicles through simulation software. The purpose of e-Buzz: Simulation of Smart Sensing for Emergency Vehicles is to assist the government that may be responsible for responding to emergencies, including ambulance, police, fire, and many others. The main element to ensure that this simulation works is based on the type of sensor used and its usefulness and responsibility. The sensor can detect the sound of emergency vehicles and respond immediately to them by signalling smaller parallel visitors to change the screen from pink to green or vice versa. Therefore, this flow reduces the travel time required for emergencies.

Bahan buangan atau sisa terdiri daripada pelbagai jenis dan bentuk bahan bergantung kepada sumber penjanaan, pengurusan dan risiko yang mungkin timbul kerana kehadiran bahan buangan yang berkenaan. Bahan buangan ini perlu dilupuskan dengan teliti dan tindakan ini tentunya melibatkan kos. Jika tindakan pelupusan bahan buangan ini tidak dapat dilakukan dengan sempurna, maka kesan sampingan terhadap alam sekitar dan kehidupan dunia ini semakin lama semakin parah. Tindakan bijaksana dalam mengenal pasti dan menangani isu bahan buangan ternyata mampu memberi manfaat kepada kehidupan dan alam sekitar kerana komposisi dan tenaga yang masih dimiliki atau tersimpan pada sesuatu jenis bahan buangan berkenaan. Walaupun bahan buangan perlu dilupuskan, namun ia mempunyai potensi ekonomi yang boleh dituai sebelum bahan buangan tersebut benar-benar boleh dilupuskan tanpa menimbulkan risiko kesihatan kehidupan alam sekitar, malah berfungsi menyumbang kepada kemajuan kehidupan.

Buku ini merupakan suatu perkongsian dan gabungan idea daripada beberapa insan yang mencari kelainan teknik dalam dunia perniagaan khususnya usahawan yang berjaya dalam dunia perniagaan seperti Koperasi Pembangunan Usahawan Bestari Johor Bhd (KPUBJB). Penubuhan Koperasi Pembangunan Usahawan Bestari Johor Bhd ini bermatlamat untuk membina minda usahawan kepada ahli-ahlinya dan mementingkan ahli-ahlinya agar dapat menambah nilai ilmu perniagaan bagi menaiktaraf ekonomi keluarga, bangsa, agama dan negara. Setiap bab dalam buku ini memberi informasi dan maklumat yang dapat membantu masyarakat dalam bentuk panduan berkaitan teknologi penghasilan tebu. Semua tajuk yang digarap dalam penulisan ini merangkumi penyediaan tapak tanaman tebu, teknik tanaman tebu, racun serangga atau rumpai dan baja sehingga strategi pemasaran. Di samping itu, buku ini juga memberi pendedahan tentang jadual penjagaan selepas penanaman tebu dan kaedah pemasaran. Buku ini juga sangat sesuai dijadikan rujukan para pengusaha serta ahli perniagaan tebu yang berhasrat untuk mendalami perniagaan sehingga berkembang maju.

Ubi kayu merupakan makanan tradisi masyarakat Asia Tengara terutamanya di negara Malaysia. Ubi kayu merupakan tanaman yang mudah untuk ditanam dan mengambil masa 9 hingga 12 bulan untuk dituai [1]. Di Malaysia, tanaman ubi kayu secara komersial banyak ditanam di negeri Selangor dan Johor. Berbanding dengan negara Asia lain, hasil pengeluaran ubi kayu di malaysia masih rendah. Bagi memenuhi permintaan pasaran, penanaman ubi kayu semakin meningkat dewasa ini dan telah disenaraikan dalam pasaran komoditi global. Terdapat banyak produk industri yang dihasilkan daripada sumber ubi kayu. Selain produk makanan dan minuman, ibu kayu boleh menghasilkan pelbagai produk seperti kertas, kanji, plastik, tekstile, makanan haiwan, ethanol dan sebagainya.

Kebelakangan ini semakin kerap bencana banjir yang melanda negara Malaysia. Bencana banjir yang berlaku ini, sama ada daripada tindakan manusia yang tidak bertanggungjawab mahupun faktor iklim, kedua-duanya membawa kepada akibat yang besar kepada sesebuah masyarakat. Keadaan semakin buruk dengan fenomena La Nina yang menyebabkan hujan lebat selain musim tengkujuh yang sering berlaku di bahagian pantai timur negara [1]. Penduduk yang berada di negeri-negeri yang mengalami banjir mengalami masalah yang sama. Tinggal di dalam khemah mangsa banjir sudah menjadi lumrah bagi mereka di sesetangah kawasan yang mengalami banjir yang teruk. Projek ini bertujuan membina sebuah khemah khususnya bagi penempatan mangsa banjir yang melanda negara. Projek yang dijalankan ini merujuk kepada segala permasalahan yang wujud di kalangan mangsa–manga banjir sendiri. Kumpulan sasaran adalah mangsa banjir yang berada di negeri yang sering mengalami banjir seperti di Kelantan, Terengganu, Johor dan Pahang. Objektif projek Khemah patuh Syariah ini adalah untuk membantu para mangsa dalam memberi satu keselesaan khususnya bagi mereka yang berkeluarga dan para wanita. Keselesaan yang dimaksudkan adalah fleksibiliti untuk menunaikan solat, mengambil wudhuk dan menukar pakaian. Projek ini diinovasi daripada khemah IM4U (1Malaysia For Youth) milik kerajaan yang telah digunakan bagi penempatan sementara mangsa banjir di Malaysia. Data-data dianalisis dan dipersembahkan dalam bentuk jadual. Melalui borang kajian yang diedarkan serta selepas dikaji secara teliti didapati bahawa masih ada kekurangan yang perlu dititikberatkan demi memberi keselesaan yang sepatutnya kepada mangsa banjir ini.

Polyurethane foam was synthesizes generally using isocyanate and polyol that already mix with the surfactant or catalyst as to aid polymer processing and modify properties of the polymer. Polyurethane can be divided to two types which are flexible foam and rigid foam. Usually, the flexible foam will be used in furniture industry to produce soft furniture cushioning and bedding. Rigid foam generally used for composite structured component and insulation. Main focus of this research is to produce a prediction assessment against penetration resistance of rigid polyurethane foam under specific dynamic load. Evaluation is by using analytical prediction method to evaluate the depth of penetration and energy absorption. The fabricated rigid polyurethane foam was undergoing compression test to obtain its mechanical properties and impact test to verify the prediction model with two significant measurements concerned, impact energy and the penetration depth leave by impactor. The impact speed was set up at 1.5 m/s, 1.7 m/s and 2 m/s. Results of experiment shows variations for depth of penetration and energy absorption to the predicted value from the analytical model. This variation is caused by the specimen’s rigidity disordered during the specimen producing process.

Aluminium is a metal that has been widely used for commercial applications in the transportation, construction and aerospace industries. Previous studies on recycling aluminium have shown that a lot of energy was used to recycle the aluminium by using conventional method. Therefore, this study was carried out to discover the effect of sintering temperature on physical and mechanical properties of the recycled aluminium chip (AA6061) and aluminium powder with the particle size of 25µm by using a direct conversion method which is the powder metallurgy has been used. The samples were fabricated by using hydraulic press machine at 9 tonnes for 20 minutes. Since this study was focused on the sintering temperature, the samples were sintered at four different temperatures which were 520°C, 552°C, 585°C and 617°C. This study involved two types of tests which were the physical and mechanical test. The physical test involved microstructure observation, density test, porosity test, whereas, the mechanical test involved hardness test. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the sintered temperature at 552°C was the best result of sintered sample to obtain better physical and mechanical for the recycled aluminium chip (AA6061).

The micro-hardness and compression strength of recycling aluminum alloy AA6061 were investigated as a function of the different microstructure and constituent powder metallurgy method. Five specimens with various fabrication parameters were selected to investigate the compression strength and microhardness. The first, as fabricated specimen (as compacted), the second was as heat treated by quenching and aging process. Three specimens were mixed with Graphite particles as a reinforcement material. Compression strength values were tested for the specimens as fabricated and heat treated which were 195 and 300 MPa, respectively. The improvement ratio was 52% for the specimen as heat treated. On the other hand, high wear resistance was given by the specimen as heat treated, whereas, the lower wear strength was at the specimen mixed with 4.5% Graphite. These results were attributed to that the wear resistance related to the microhardness value

Ablution is an essential practice as a Muslim because it is an abligatory requiredto perform prayer. A Muslim use approximately 5 litres of water per singleablution. Approximately, a Muslim use 25 litres of treated water to performablution. Islam categorized the used water produced from an ablution asMusta’mal water. Normally Musta'mal water will be left to flow into the drainagesystem. The accumulated amount of wasted water is significant when it ismeasured at a mosque or surau. The quality of Musta'mal water is far better than the typical quality of the waste water produced from washing activities because there were no oil, grease, soap and dirt except for small quantities ofmiccroorganisms. To overcome this problem, this study focused on thediscussion of reusing ablution water based on Shari'ah law which led to thedevelopment of a system (or model) to reuse ablution water. This ablution water reuse system consists of several parts including ablution water collection tanks, filters, storage tanks, filling tank, water pump and water sensor. This system runs automatically using a water pump and water sensor. The study found that the Shari'ah law allow reuse water to be used again as ablution water. Based on this study, it is found that the ablution water reused system is feasible and is able to be produced from the engineering aspect.

This project is about an experimental impact resistance and behaviour of sandwich panel structure, consists of steel plates and kenaf foam. The use of natural fiber reinforcement foam could give a great advantages in weigh reduction which very useful in military mobility and transportability. A standard rifle was used to launch a small bullet (5.56 mm) in constant velocity towards the sandwich panels. The experiment’s result is based on the depth of the indentation due to the penetration against the armour. The best specimen combining both parameters of study is 20% of kenaf with 45 mm thickness because it can resists the most impact from the bullet. Therefore, it can be concluded that using kenaf to reinforce the polyurethane is success in enhancing its strength and mechanical properties.

To realize the STEP-NC based machining system, it is necessary to perform machining feature extraction, generating machine-specific information, and creating a relationship between STEP-NC entities. A process planning system of a STEP-NC information flow that starts with constructing a machining feature from a CAD model will be developed. In this paper, a further indepth study of the implementation and adaptation of STEP-NC in manufacturing is studied. This study will help to understand how the data from CAD/CAM can be converted into STEP-NC codes and the machining process will be based on the STEP-NC codes generated.

In the field of computational fluid dynamics, many numerical algorithms have been developed to simulate inviscid, compressible flows problems. Among those most famous and relevant are based on flux vector splitting and Godunov-type schemes. Previously, this system was developed through computational studies by Mawlood [1]. However the new test cases for compressible flows, the shock tube problems namely the receding flow and shock waves were not investigated before by Mawlood [1]. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a high-order compact (HOC) finite difference solver for one-dimensional Euler equation. Before developing the solver, a detailed investigation was conducted to assess the performance of the basic third-order compact central discretization schemes. Spatial discretization of the Euler equation is based on flux-vector splitting. From this observation, discretization of the convective flux terms of the Euler equation is based on a hybrid flux-vector splitting, known as the advection upstream splitting method (AUSM) scheme which combines the accuracy of flux-difference splitting and the robustness of flux-vector splitting. The AUSM scheme is based on the third-order compact scheme to the approximate finite difference equation was completely analyzed consequently. In one-dimensional problem for the first order schemes, an explicit method is adopted by using time integration method. In addition to that, development and modification of source code for the one-dimensional flow is validated with four test cases namely, unsteady shock tube, quasi-one-dimensional supersonic-subsonic nozzle flow, receding flow and shock waves in shock tubes. From these results, it was also carried out to ensure that the definition of Riemann problem can be identified. Further analysis had also been done in comparing the characteristic of AUSM scheme against experimental results, obtained from previous works and also comparative analysis with computational results generate

In the field of computational fluid dynamics, many numerical algorithms have been developed to simulate inviscid, compressible flows problems. Among those most famous and relevant are based on flux vector splitting and Godunov-type schemes. Previously, this system was developed through computational studies by Mawlood (2004). However the new test cases for compressible flows, the shock tube problems namely the receding flow and shock waves were not investigated before by Mawlood (2004). Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a high-order compact (HOC) finite difference solver for one-dimensional Euler equation. Before developing the solver, a detailed investigation was conducted to assess the performance of the basic third-order compact central discretization schemes. Spatial discretization of the Euler equation is based on flux-vector splitting. From this observation, discretization of the convective flux terms of the Euler equation is based on a hybrid flux-vector splitting, known as the advection upstream splitting method (AUSM) scheme which combines the accuracy of flux-difference splitting and the robustness of flux-vector splitting. The AUSM scheme is based on the thirdorder compact scheme to the approximate finite difference equation was completely analyzed consequently. In one-dimensional problem for the first order schemes, an explicit method is adopted by using time integration method. In addition to that, development and modification of source code for the one-dimensional flow is validated with four test cases namely, unsteady shock tube, quasi-one-dimensional supersonic-subsonic nozzle flow, receding flow and shock waves in shock tubes. From these results, it was also carried out to ensure that the definition of Riemann problem can be identified. Further analysis had also been done in comparing the characteristic of AUSM scheme against experimental results, obtained from previous works and also comparative analysis with computational results gen

In this paper, a third-order compact upwind scheme is given for calculating flows containing discontinuities. The scheme utilizes the AUSM flux splitting method and a third-order compact upwind space discretization relation for calculating third-order numerical flux function. TVD shock capturing properties of the scheme are achieved through a minmod flux limiter. A multistage TVD Runge-Kutta method is employed for the time integration. Computations are performed for two typical one-dimensional problems containing shocks, namely, the steady flow in a divergent nozzle and the unsteady shock tube problem. First-order and third-order numerical results are presented in comparison with the exact solutions. Computed results with KFVS method are also presented.