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Background: Various factors, most notably the stone's features, determine the selection of an appropriate method to extract common bile duct (CBD) stones during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. In this study, the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy with balloon dilation (ESBD) versus endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for CBD stone extraction with a diameter of 10 to 15 millimeters were compared. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 154 patients referred to the Rouhani Hospital in Babol, Iran, with CBD stones. Consensus sampling was used. Each individual's demographic information and findings from the procedure were entered into the SPSS software (v. 26). A level of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 154 patients were included in the study, of which 81 (52.6%) were in the EST, and 73 (47.4%) were in the ESBD group. Complete stones removal rate was higher in the ESBD versus the EST group (79.5% versus 46.9%, P

Background and purpose: Appropriate drug regimen during colonoscopy is one of the matters of concern in anesthesia. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of propofol-ketamine combination and propofol-fentanyl in colonoscopy. Materials and methods: In a single-blind randomized clinical trial, 200 patients aged 18-60 years candidate for colonoscopy, were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either fentanyl-propofol (PF) or ketamine-propofol (PK) using block randomization. Recovery time (end of injection until Steward Score was 6) as the primary outcome and vital signs, complications, total dose of propofol, and satisfaction of the doctor performing the colonoscopy as secondary consequence were compared between the two groups. Results: Recovery time was 2.97 ± 0.89 min in the fentanyl-propofol group and 8.84 ± 1.73 min in ketamine-propofol group (P