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Background: Phenolic compounds (PC) are found in various foods that are part of the human diet, such as mushrooms. The identification of PC is crucial due to their bioactive properties and their role in disease prevention. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of the phenolic component extract (PCE) derived from the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom. The extract was separated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HLPC). The PCE was then tested on diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Also, this study was an attempt to treat infertility caused by type 2 diabetes in male rats. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to Wistar rats after a 4-week HFD as a model of type 2 diabetes (D2). Animals were given phenols orally on a high-fat diet for four weeks after being diagnosed with diabetes. Results: PCE constituents were 48.02% carbohydrates, 21.15% protein, 6.16% fiber, 2.06% fat, and 6.93% ash. The evaluation of the PCE was carried out by assessing its retention rates and subsequently comparing the UV data to standards. Total phenols and flavonoids in the crude extract were 23.04 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 8.14 mg/g quercetin equivalent, respectively. Catechin was found as the significant PC (121.53 µg/mL), while gallic acid was the second PC (11.64 µg/ml) in the PCE of mushrooms. PCE showed high radical scavenging activity on DPPH. With dosage and incubation duration in dark-dependent conditions, it was discovered to be 93.23% at a 500 µg/ml concentration after 120 min in the dark. PCE reduces blood glucose levels while elevating insulin levels and antioxidant activity indicators. Our results show that phenols and their bioactive components can change glucose metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic HFD rats (D2). Conclusions: This study supports PCE's therapeutic potential in treating hyperglycemia, increasing insulin secretion, and addressing diabetes-induced infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the strong coordination ability of substituted imines towards transition metals of different oxidation states, the coordination of the HL imine ligand with the Cu2+ ion to form the Cu–bis–imine complex was achieved in 2:1 molar ratios. Their structures were confirmed with various spectroscopic tools. Heterogeneously, CuL2 was successfully appended on ZnO@TiO2 nanoparticles, as the less harmful materials, within the deprotonated p‐hydroxy chain of the bonded ligand in CuL2. The surface and internal structural morphologies of ZnO@TiO2@CuL2 were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, in addition to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic behavior of both catalysts, CuL2 (the homogeneous catalyst) and ZnO@TiO2@CuL2 (the heterogeneous catalyst), was examined in the benzyl alcohol redox protocols using H2O2 for their optimization. α,β‐Cinnamic acid decarboxylative bromination in the presence of potassium bromide and H2O2 in water was studied with both catalysts, in which (2‐bromovinyl)benzene was the chemoselective product. Both Cu catalysts displayed appreciable catalytic effectiveness for the oxidation protocols and the decarboxylative bromination reactions. CuL2 recorded less required time for optimization than that of the heterogeneous catalyst. The catalytic effectiveness of CuL2 was less promoted than that of ZnO@TiO2@CuL2. Despite the less performance in yield of benzaldehyde for the oxidation protocols with ZnO@TiO2@CuL2, ZnO@TiO2@CuL2 had more recycling than its homogeneous counterpart, with seven to three times, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel model proposed by Wazwaz et al. in 2023, in the nonlinear optics literature. This contributes to advancing optical devices and technologies, particularly in telecommunications and laser systems. The characteristics of bright, dark, and periodic soliton solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with fourth-order nonlinearity and dispersion are explored in this paper. The relevance of these solutions lies in the study of nonlinear waves propagating in an inhomogeneous optical fiber. The soliton solutions are obtained through the implementation of three analytical methods: the Kudryashov method, the Bernoulli Sub-ODE method, and the Extended Direct Algebraic method. The bright, dark, and periodic soliton solutions are constructed by utilizing bilinear forms. Furthermore, the impact of variable coefficients on the structures of these solitons is analyzed. Graphical illustrations depict the propagation of bright, dark, and periodic solitons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess the effects of water salinity on the sperm parameters, levels of cortisol, LH, FSH, testosterone and antioxidants as well as the testes' histopathology in Barki rams. Fifteen healthy Barki rams (1–1.5 years) were divided into three equal depending on the type of drinking water for nine months. The rams in the tap water group (TW, water that contained 350 ppm of total dissolved salts (TDS). Males in the high saline water group (HSW) were permitted to consume high saline water with 8,934 ppm TDS, whereas those in the second group were permitted to have moderately saline water (MSW, 4,557 ppm TDS). High salt concentration in drinking water had adverse effect on sperm viability, morphology and sperm cell concertation. Nitric oxide and malondialdehyde concentrations in blood were significantly higher in the MSW and HSW groups than in TW. There was a significant decrease in glutathione concentration as well as superoxide dismutase activity in TDS and HSW. Cortisol was most highly concentrated in the HSW, next in the MSW, and least in TW. The testosterone, LH, and FSH concentrations in the HSW and MSW groups were significantly lower than in TW. As the salt concentration in drinking water increases, damage to testicular tissue. The MSW group demonstrating vacuolation of lining epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei in the epididymis and necrosis and desquamation of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules while HSW group displaying desquamated necrotic cells and giant cell formation in the epididymis, as well as damage to some of the seminiferous tubules and showed congestion, vacuolation of spermatogenic epithelium of seminiferous tubules, and desquamated necrotic spermatogenic epithelium. In conclusion, the salinity of the water has detrimental impacts on the sperm morphology, viability and concentration, hormones and antioxidant levels in Barki rams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of traditional chitosan, nano chitosan, and chitosan nanocomposites for consolidating aged papyrus samples. Cellulose-based materials, such as papyrus sheets and paper, which are the most common types of writing supports for works of art in many museums and archive. They are subjected to different types of deterioration factors that may lead to many conservation problems. Consolidation treatment is one of the most common conservation treatments, which should have perform after much testing to select the appropriate consolidants. Design/methodology/approach: This research paper aims to evaluate the resistance of traditional chitosan, nanochitosan and chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite as an eco-friendly papyrus strengthening. Untreated and treated papyrus was thermally aged and characterized via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antimicrobial activity of the papyrus specimens was also determined against four tested pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method: MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Findings: The results revealed that chitosan nanocomposite showed a remarkable enhancement of papyrus tensile properties and presence of ZnO prevents the effects of biodeterioration. Originality/value: Zinc oxide nanoparticles enhance the optical properties and increase the chemical reactions between the consolidating material and the treated papyrus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to evaluate the morphometric and histopathological properties of Modified Elnady's plastinated tissue after a period compared to non‐plastinated tissue. The plastination technique is utilized in research and teaching due to the potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure to formalin. The tissues and organs are permanently dried during plastination and can be used for further anatomical, histopathological and surgical educational purposes. This method involves drying tissue and allowing synthetic materials like glycerin to permeate it. The study compared non‐plastinated and plastinated tissue post‐plastination to determine if structural alterations differed from those linked to plastination. The study examined the histopathological examination of dogs' skin, muscles, liver, lung, and intestine using formalin‐fixed organs for paraffin embedding and previously plastinated organs for a plastinated group. The study examined non‐plastinated and plastinated tissues, their histological composition and biometric parameters revealing typical structures in the non‐plastinated group. Plasmodiumted tissues exhibited a compacted appearance, volume changes, nuclear clarity, and cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia, with statistical differences between the two groups. The study reveals that plastinated tissues, after 5 years of plastination, maintain their histological architecture well, with some exceptions. Plastinated tissues can be utilized in future microscopic and immunological studies and will be beneficial for teaching and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is increasingly recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate peripheral nerve and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in PD. Forty patients with PD (20 drug-naïve, 20 on treatment) and 20 controls underwent neurological examination, Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS), nerve conduction studies, autonomic function tests including (heart rate variability, Blood pressure changes with standing and sustained handgrip, and sudomotor pathways. The Ewing classification system scored each test to quantify autonomic failure severity). Laboratory tests (B12, homocysteine, methylmalonic acid). Results: Treated patients with PD had higher MDS-UPDRS scores than drug-naïve (p = 0.001). TCNS indicated mild PN in some drug-naïve patients, and mild–moderate PN in treated patients. Nerve conduction studies showed significant sensory and motor neuropathy in treated versus drug-naïve PD and controls. Treated patients had lower B12, higher homocysteine/methylmalonic acid than other groups. Across autonomic tests, controls had the most normal results, followed by drug-naïve patients, with treated patients being most abnormal. Autonomic dysfunction correlated with disease duration, severity, L-dopa dose. Lower B12, higher homocysteine/methylmalonic acid levels were associated with greater neuropathy and disease severity. Conclusion: Patients with PD show evidence of PN and autonomic dysfunction, which is milder in drug-naïve patients but worsens with disease progression and treatment. Peripheral nervous system assessments may help diagnose and monitor PD neuropathy and effects of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spontaneous non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (NASAH) is debilitating, and survivors often complain of fatigue. Fatigue and diffuse musculoskeletal pain are also common symptoms of elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. A possible association between fatigue and PTH in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) survivors has not yet been established. The aim was to study the relation between PTH and fatigue after NASAH in a period over six months. Methods: A single-center observational study was conducted among 56 NASAH survivors and 60 healthy people as the control group. Fatigue was measured with the Arabic version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale and its relationships with other clinical variables were examined. Results: Among the enrolled NASAH survivors, 46 (82%) exhibited pathological fatigue one month after SAH and 33 (59%) enrolled patients exhibited pathological levels of fatigue at follow up after six months of illness. PTH was significantly high in NASAH than in the control group. High PTH (>49 ng/L) is associated with an increased risk of fatigue after SAH and was an independent risk factor of fatigue directly after SAH (P = 0.02). Conclusion: In patients with NASAH, fatigue worsened functional outcomes. An elevated serum PTH level may be an independent risk factor for fatigue after NASAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the interesting reactivity of arylhydrazones in coordination chemistry and biological assays, malonyl dihydrazone ligand of diisatin derivative (H2Lm) was reacted with Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions forming two complexes of dinuclear homoleptic mode (CuLm and ZnLm, respectively). Demonstration of their chemical structures was confirmed through various spectroscopic ways alongside the elemental analyses (EA), conductivity measurements, and magnetic characteristics. Their bio‐performance was recorded based on their inhibited potential of the growing ability of some common bacteria, fungi, and human cancer/normal cell lines. The biological studies appointed the role and job of M2+ ion = Cu2+ or Zn2+ in its chelated MLm complex to perform the bio‐reactivity over the free ligand, H2Lm. Moreover, their interacted modes with ctDNA (i.e., calf thymus DNA) were examined via the viscometry and spectrophotometric titration. Because the two chelates (CuLm and ZnLm) represented an attractive job for the inhibited action against the current microorganisms and the human cancer/normal strains' growth over the free H2Lm ligand, CuLm and ZnLm complexes displayed a distinguished interaction with ctDNA more than that of their uncoordinated H2Lm ligand. From the values of binding constant (Kb) and Gibb's free energy (∆Gb≠), CuLm assigned more bio‐action within ctDNA more than ZnLm H2Lm ligand, referring to the role of Cu2+ ion with more electronegativity to enhance the reactivity of CuLm over their free H2Lm ligand and ZnLm. The catalytic behavior of CuLm and ZnLm was given within the epoxidation of 1,2‐cyclohexene (an example of unsaturated hydrocarbons) homogeneously using hydrogen peroxide (the oxidant). Their catalytic action was optimized through various temperatures, solvents, time, and type of M2+ ion in the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred and twenty New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) (5‐week‐old; 735.27 ± 27.23 g) were kept in an open‐sided house during the summer season. The experiment aims to evaluate the impacts of dried tomato pomace powder (DTPP) supplementation on rabbits' performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits, meat quality, and lipid and health indices of NZW rabbits during 5–13 weeks of age. The four treatments were a standard rabbit feed (control) and the control diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% DTPP, respectively. Rabbits fed a diet containing 1.5% DTPP showed the highest growth rate through weeks 9–13 of age despite having the lowest feed intake spanning 5–13 weeks. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in rabbits fed with 1.5% DTPP‐supplemented diet for 5–13 weeks. Diets supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0% DTPP enhanced markedly dressing %, total edible flesh, saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) contents, as well as the ∑n − 6/∑n − 3 ratio and the total n − 6 of meat. Dietary supplementation with DTPP decreased kidney, abdominal, and back fat. Diets supplemented with DTTP decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low‐density lipoprotein (vLDL) concentrations. The greatest levels of linoleic acid, arachidonic and water‐holding capacity in meat were observed in rabbits fed 1.5% DTPP‐supplemented diets. Diets containing 1 and 1.5% DTPP improved meats’ atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, meat lipid quality desired fatty acids/undesired fatty acids ratio, and meat health index. Conclusively, DTPP up to 1.5% maintained the growth performance of rabbits, boosted meat quality through increasing vitamin E, reduced fat deposition, modified fatty acid composition, and improved atherogenic, thrombogenic, and hypocholesterolemic indices of rabbit meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is increasing debate among orthopaedic surgeons over the temporal relationship between lumbar spinal fusion (LSF) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with hip-spine syndrome. Few large studies have directly compared the results of patients who undergo LSF prior to THA (LSF-THA) to those who undergo LSF after THA (THA-LSF). The current study matched THA patients with a prior LSF to patients who underwent LSF after THA to assess: 90-day and 1-year (1) medical/surgical complications; and (2) revisions. Methods: We queried a national, all-payer database to identify all patients undergoing THA between 2010 and 2018 (n = 716,084). The LSF-THA patients and THA-LSF patients were then matched 1:1 on age, sex, Charleson Comorbidity Index, and obesity. Medical/surgical complications and revisions at 90 days and 1 year were recorded. Categorical and continuous variables were analysed utilising t -tests and chi-square, respectively. Results: LSF-THA patients experienced significantly more postoperative dislocations at 90 days and 1 year compared to THA-LSF patients (p = 0.048 and p < 0.001). There were a similar number of revisions performed for LSF-THA and THA-LSF patients at both 90 days and 1 year (p = 0.183 and p = 0.426). Furthermore, at 1 year, LSF-THA patients experienced more pneumonia (p = 0.005) and joint infection (p = 0.020). Conclusions: Prior LSF has been demonstrated to increase the risk of postoperative dislocation in patients undergoing THA. The results of the present study demonstrate increased dislocations with LSF-THA compared to THA-LSF. For "hip spine syndrome" patients requiring both LSF and THA, it may be more beneficial to undergo THA prior to LSF. Arthroplasty surgeons may wish to collaborate with spinal surgeons to ensure optimal outcomes for this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article gives a survey on computational and numerical solutions for the phase separation in Fe‐Cr‐X (X = Mo, Cu) ternary alloys. This separation is mathematically given by the Atangana–Baleanu time‐fractional Cahn–Allen equation. The generalized Kudryashov, sech–tanh, and the Adomian decomposition approaches are employed to get a bundle of analytical and numerical solutions. The obtained analytical solutions are used to evaluate the initial and boundary conditions of the phase ternary alloys separation operation. Moreover, the stability property of solutions is investigated based on the characteristics of the Hamiltonian system. Novel properties of the investigated model are figured out by distinct types of sketches. Finally, the accuracy of both used computational schemes is illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is a part of the body's intricate biological reaction to noxious stimuli and defensive reactions. So, the aim of this investigation was to study the anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide (EPSSM) using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. A halophilic bacterial strain was isolated from marine sediments in the Red Sea in Egypt. The isolate has been visually and physiologically recognized, as well as by analyzing its 16S rRNA gene, which confirms Kocuria sp. clone Asker4. This particular isolate can be referenced using the accession number OL798051.1. EPSSM was subjected to purification and fractionation by a DEAE-cellulose column. Preliminary chemical analysis of EPSSM indicated that the monosaccharides were fructose, glucuronic acid, and xylose, with 2.0, 0.5, and 1.0, respectively. The antioxidant potential of EPSSM was investigated, and it was discovered that the level of activity increased independently of the concentrations, reaching a maximum threshold of 94.13% at 100 µg/mL of EPSSM for 120 min. Also, EPSSM at 50 mg/kg orally produced a significant anti-inflammatory effect on the carrageenan model at 2, 3, and 4 intervals. The EPSSM intervention resulted in reductions in the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, as well as a decrease in glutathione. Furthermore, the levels of nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species resulting from carrageenan-induced edema showed a significant reduction subsequent to the administration of EPSSM. Moreover, the findings indicated that the protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 were reduced following treatment with EPSSM, resulting in a reduction of paw edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ticagrelor (TICA) and clopidogrel (CLP) are extensively used antiplatelet drugs that act by antagonizing the P2Y12 receptors that are found on platelets in addition to bone cells. Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of clopidogrel and ticagrelor on stem cells osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Methods. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAd-MSCs) were divided into (1) control group, (2) osteogenic group (osteo group), (3) clopidogrel group (CLP group), and (4) ticagrelor group (TICA group). The osteogenic differentiation potential was determined by mineralization nodule formation using Alizarin Red S staining, measuring ALP enzyme activity by alkaline phosphatase assay. Quantitative determination for osteogenic markers included osteocalcin (OC); runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) performed using western blot; osteoprotegerin (OPG) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inflammatory markers; and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitative (RT-PCR) and ELISA. Results. In comparison to all study groups, the TICA group showed significant increase in the mineralized extracellular matrix, ALP enzyme activity, and bone markers expression as RUNX2 (P < 0.0001), OC, and OPG (P < 0.05). The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was determined by RT-qPCR and ELISA techniques. TICA and CLP significantly decreased both markers compared to the control group. The TICA group showed statistically significant lower levels of both markers (P < 0.0001) than the CLP and control groups via the ELISA technique. Conclusion. TICA may possess a positive effect on hAd-MSCs osteogenic differentiation compared to CLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have a unique mode of action as antibacterial agents in addition to their anticancer and antioxidant properties. In this study, microbial nanotechnology is employed to synthesize Ag-NPs using the cell filtrate of Streptomyces enissocaesilis BS1. The synthesized Ag-NPs are confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the effects of different factors on Ag-NPs synthesis were evaluated to set the optimum synthesis conditions. Also, the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticancer activity of Ag-NPs was assessed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the sample and validated that the crystal structure under consideration is a face-centered cubic (FCC) pattern. The TEM examination displayed the spherical particles of the Ag-NPs and their average size, which is 32.2 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed significant changes in functionality after silver nanoparticle dispersion, which could be attributed to the potency of the cell filtrate of Streptomyces enissocaesilis BS1 to act as both a reducing agent and a capping agent. The bioactivity tests showed that our synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against different pathogenic strains. Also, when the preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella typhi ATCC 12023, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6598 were exposed to Ag NPs 50 mg/ml for 24 hours, the biofilm biomass was reduced by 10.7, 34.6, 34.75, and 39.08%, respectively. Furthermore, the Ag-NPs showed in vitro cancer-specific sensitivity against human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and colon cancer cell line Caco-2, and the IC50 was 0.160 mg/mL and 0.156 mg/mL, respectively. The results of this study prove the ease and efficiency of the synthesis of Ag-NPs using actinomycetes and demonstrate the significant potential of these Ag-NPs as anticancer and antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the versatile bioreactivity of aroyldihydrazone complexes as cost-effective alternatives with different transition metals, two novel bimetallic homo-complexes (VOLph and CuLph) were prepared via the coordination of a terephthalic dihydrazone diisatin ligand (H2Lph) with VO2+ and Cu2+ ions, respectively. The structure elucidation was confirmed by alternative spectral methods. Biologically, the H2Lph ligand and its MLph complexes (M2+ = VO2+ or Cu2+) were investigated as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Their biochemical activities towards ctDNA (calf thymus DNA) were estimated using measurable titration viscometrically and spectrophotometrically, as well as the gel electrophoresis technique. The growth inhibition of both VOLph and CuLph complexes against microbial and cancer cells was measured, and the inhibition action, MIC, and IC50 were compared to the inhibition action of the free H2Lph ligand. Both VOLph and CuLph showed remarkable interactive binding with ctDNA compared to the free ligand H2Lph, based on Kb = 16.31, 16.04 and 12.41 × 107 mol−1 dm3 and Δ G b ≠ = 47.11, −46.89, and −44.05 kJ mol−1 for VOLph, CuLph, and H2Lph, respectively, due to the central metal ion (VIVO and CuII ions). VOLph (with a higher oxidation state of the V4+ ion and oxo-ligand) exhibited enhanced interaction with the ctDNA molecule compared to CuLph, demonstrating the role and type of the central metal ion within the performed electronegative and electrophilic characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prime principle of sustainable consumption is to enhance the quality of life without environmental degradation and securing the needs of the future generation. The world nowadays is facing unsustainable consumption. It threatens the environment and leads to depletion of resources. It is a challenge facing the sustainable development. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of the university students towards sustainable consumption and to determine the impact of socio-demographic characteristics on their practice. Methods Cross-sectional study included (n=403) university students completed an online questionnaire consisting of demographic variables, and items assessing sustainable consumption Knowledge, attitude and practice Results: Ninety eight percent of the students had high knowledge, 94% had moderate attitude and 74.7% had poor sustainable consumption behavior. Mean score was significantly higher among females, rural residents, high parents' educational level and monthly family income below5000LE (p<0.01). Conclusions: The students had sustainable consumption knowledge and favorable attitude yet irresponsible practice. This will be counteracting obstacle for the sustainable development. It highlights the needs for policy and decision makers for considering sustainable consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel 5-deazaflavins were designed as potential anticancer candidates. Compounds 4j, 4k, 5b, 5i, and 9f demonstrated high cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 of 0.5–190nM. Compounds 8c and 9g showed preferential activity against Hela cells (IC50: 1.69 and 1.52 μM respectively). However, compound 5d showed notable potency against MCF-7 and Hela cell lines of 0.1 nM and 1.26 μM respectively. Kinase profiling for 4e showed the highest inhibition against a 20 kinase panel. Additionally, ADME prediction studies exhibited that compounds 4j, 5d, 5f, and 9f have drug-likeness criteria to be considered promising antitumor agents deserving of further investigation. SAR study showed that substitutions with 2-benzylidene hydra zino have a better fitting into PTK with enhanced antiproliferative potency. Noteworthy, the incorporation of hydrazino or ethanolamine moieties at position 2 along with small alkyl or phenyl at N-10, respectively revealed an extraordinary potency against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of benzo[h]chromenes, benzo[f]chromenes, and benzo[h]chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were prepared. All the newly synthesised compounds were selected by National Cancer Institute for single-dose testing against 60 cell lines. Benzo[h]chromenes 5a and 6a showed promising anti-cancer activity and selected for the five-dose testing. Compounds 5a and 6a suppressed cell growth in HL-60 by the induction of cell cycle arrest, which was confirmed using flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays showed at the G1/S phase by regulating the expression of CDK-2/CyclinD1, triggering cell apoptosis by activating both the extrinsic (Fas/Caspase 8) and intrinsic (Bcl-2/Caspase 3) apoptosis pathways, which were determined by the western blot. Benzo[h]chromenes 5a and 6a decreased the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, CDK-2, and CyclinD1 and increased the expression of caspase 3, caspase 8, and Fas. In silico molecular analysis of compounds 5a and 6a in CDK-2 and Bcl-2 was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study applies the improved stratigraphic modified Lorenz (ISML) technique to divide the Matulla Formation in Muzhil Oil Field in the Gulf of Suez into some hydraulic flow units (HFUs) and to check the flow efficiency contribution of each hydraulic flow unit (HFU) to the total bulk flow capacity of the reservoir in 3 wells (Muzhil-4, 7, and 8). The output of the ISML plot is applied in integration with the vertical plot of the porosity (∅), permeability (k), and effective pore radius (R35) against depth to measure the efficiency of each HFU contribution to the total flow capacity of the Matulla reservoir, and to delineate the main attributor to the flow capacity. It is indicated that the Matulla sandstone reservoirs can be subdivided into 7 HFUs to the NW of the field, while it is subdivided into four and five HFUs in the center and to the SE of the field; i.e., its heterogeneity increases to the NW at Muzhil-7 well. On the other side, the best reservoir quality is assigned to the southeast at Muzhil-4 well (av. ∅ = 20.8%, av. k = 596.6 md, and R35 = 12.1 μm). The efficiency of the obtained HFUs was estimated and described both mathematically and graphically. Also, the measured porosity and permeability values indicate relatively low reservoir properties to the NW of the field. The reservoir heterogeneity is also measured using the Dykstra-Parsons technique which indicates extremely high heterogeneity (0.89 ≤ V ≤ 0.98). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The respiratory system is the most frequently affected system by COVID-19. However, a variety of extra-pulmonary systems can be influenced by COVID-19 with subsequent morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aim is to report the most frequent extra pulmonary presentations of COVID-19 with comparison to patients with primary pulmonary presentation. Risk factors for ICU admission in both groups were examined. Methods: In this prospective comparative cross-sectional study, detailed demographics, medical history, clinical assessment, and computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest were done to all recruited patients with COVID-19. Result: This study included a total of 1664 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The patients were categorized into two groups. Patients with pulmonary manifestations included 716 patients while 948 patients presented with extrapulmonary manifestations. Patients in the extrapulmonary group were older. The prevalence of certain chronic comorbid conditions was higher in the extra pulmonary group as cardiac, CNS, hepatic, and renal diseases, while chronic respiratory disorders were more prevalent in the pulmonary group (P value: < 0.0001). No significant difference in CT severity score between both groups. CORAD 5 was predominant in the pulmonary group (P value: < 0.0001). Most cases in both groups required hospital admission either inward or in ICU with higher frequency of ICU admission was observed in the pulmonary group. The significant risk factors for ICU admission in both groups were critically ill category of patients, CT severity, low oxygen saturation level, and the presence of comorbid chronic disease (P < 0.0001 with adjusted Odds ratio). CNS, cardiac, renal, and metabolic dysfunctions exert significant risk for ICU admission in the extrapulmonary group. Conclusion: Atypical or non-respiratory manifestations could be the presentation of a respiratory pathogen as reported in COVID-19. Our work highlights the extrapulmonary presentation of COVID-19. Older male patients were more prone to present with extra pulmonary symptoms. CNS, cardiac, renal, and metabolic dysfunctions were the most affected systems. This could impact the level of care required for patient management and the extent of resource utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of hateful language in public debates and forums is becoming more common. However, this might result in antagonism and conflicts among individuals, which is undesirable in an online environment. Countries, businesses, and educational institutions are exerting their greatest efforts to develop effective solutions to manage this issue. In addition, recognizing such content is difficult, particularly in Arabic, due to a variety of challenges and constraints. Long-tailed data distribution is often one of the most significant issues in actual Arabic hate speech datasets. Pre-trained models, such as bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) and generative pre-trained transformers (GPT), have become more popular in numerous natural language processing (NLP) applications in recent years. We conduct extensive experiments to address data imbalance issues by utilizing oversampling methods and a focal loss function in addition to traditional loss functions. Quasi-recurrent neural networks (QRNN) are employed to fine-tune the cutting-edge transformer-based models, MARBERTv2, MARBERTv1, and ARBERT. In this context, we suggest a new approach using ensemble learning that incorporates best-performing models for both original and oversampled datasets. Experiments proved that our proposed approach achieves superior performance compared to the most advanced methods described in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two fungal species were isolated from the studied rock samples and identified morphologically as Aspergillus hollandicus and Penicillium citrinum. Bioleaching process was applied to W1, W2 and W3. The average concentration activity of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are 5134.03, 5708.64, 189.51, and 1456.8 BqKg−1, respectively. Radionuclide's distribution in leach liquor, residual, and fungal adsorption were followed and environmental hazard indices (Raeq, Iγ, Hex, Hin, and ECLR) were calculated. From the observed outcomes, the isolated fungal strains have the potential to reduce the harmful effect up to 50% compared to the original. As a result, application of these fungal strains offers a potential strategy for environmental remediation of radionuclides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-fertilizers protect the soil from the excessive addition of traditional fertilizers, enhancing the efficiency of the elements and diminishing the number of additive fertilizers. The effect of Fe2O3NPs-Boron (Fe2O3NPs-B), and Fe2O3 NP-Humic Acid (Fe2O3NPs-HA) at 100, 150 and 250 ppm, Fe2O3, and control (without any iron fertilizers) on the vegetative growth, flowering, photosynthetic pigments, nutrient element content and isozymes activity (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and polyphenol oxide) of Gardenia jasminoides plants was investigated. Gamma-rays at 25 kGy were conducted for the promising synthesis of Fe2O3NPs-B, and Fe2O3NPs-HA. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions during two successive seasons. The results stated that Fe2O3NPs-B and Fe2O3NPs-HA at the highest concentration (250 ppm) had a significant positive effect in all vegetative characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, nutrient element content and isozymes activity. Fe2O3NPs-HA showed the optimal result in all morphological and biochemical characteristics. The highest activity of enzymes appeared in the treated plants with Fe2O3 NPs-B followed by Fe2O3 NPs-HA at 250 ppm. The advantage nano-fertilizer usage may be summarized as saving the soil from the unreasonable accumulation of classic fertilizers, improving the use efficiency of parts and reducing the number of different fertilizers as a consequence of their increased surface area and their nano-size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of this study was to compare 2% dorzolamide/0.5% timolol fixed combination brand name drug (Cosopt) to its generic counterpart (Twinzol) regarding efficacy and side effects. Patients and methods The study included 92 eyes of 92 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and are indicated for antiglaucoma fixed combination of 20 mg/ml dorzolamide/5 mg/ml timolol). Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first group received Cosopt, whereas the second received Twinzol. In visit, intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured and any local side effects by either eye drops was recorded. Monitoring and recording the percentage of IOP drop each month and all over the 3 months duration of follow up visits were done. Results The percentage of IOP drop for Cosopt and Twinzol after 1 month showed a significant P value of 0.032, with a mean percent reduction in IOP of 28.55%, median percent reduction of 26.92%, the minimum is 3.82% while the maximum is 62.96% for the Cosopt group, while that for Twinzol was 23.14, 21.29, 4.17, and 57.14%, respectively. On the other hand, the percentage of drop of IOP between the two groups after 3 months showed insignificant P value (0.646). IOP measurement was statistically insignificant between the two groups at 1 (0.462) and 3 months (0.639). As regards side effects; both eye drops were comparable with an insignificant P value of 0.49. Conclusion The study demonstrated a reliable efficacy and safety on using generic therapy Twinzol compared with band counterpart Cosopt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein synthesis is a fundamental cellular process in neurons that is essential for synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Here, we describe our investigations of a neuron-and muscle-specific translation factor, eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1a2 (eEF1A2), which when mutated in patients results in autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. We characterize three EEF1A2 patient mutations, G70S, E122K, and D252H, and demonstrate that all three mutations decrease de novo protein synthesis and elongation rates in HEK293 cells. In mouse cortical neurons, the EEF1A2 mutations not only decrease de novo protein synthesis but also alter neuronal morphology, regardless of endogenous levels of eEF1A2, indicating that the mutations act via a toxic gain of function. We also show that eEF1A2 mutant proteins display increased tRNA binding and decreased actin-bundling activity, suggesting that these mutations disrupt neuronal function by decreasing tRNA availability and altering the actin cytoskeleton. More broadly, our findings are consistent with the idea that eEF1A2 acts as a bridge between translation and the actin cytoskeleton, which is essential for proper neuron development and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of excellent physical qualities and biocompatibility has made magnesium (Mg) alloys a viable light alloy, particularly for automotive, aerospace, and pharmaceutical applications. However, in most environments, Mg alloys are easily corroded, thus preventing their extensive use. Surface protection by coating is an affordable method for preventing corrosive media from contacting Mg substrate. The development of smart self-healing coatings has attracted attention for surface coating of Mg alloys, as it can impede corrosion reactions, repair mechanical damage, and enable the substrate to function normally again. This article briefly reviews the promising approach of smart self-healing coatings, state-of-the-art coatings, and various healing agent encapsulations. Polymerizable healing agents or corrosion inhibitors are encapsulated in containers and embedded in the coating matrices to facilitate autonomous healing mechanisms. This brief explanation and review are expected to give an insight and more opportunities to explore newly designed smart self-healing coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two bimetallic homoleptic complexes (CuL1 and CuL2) were synthesized from the coordination of Cu+/2+ ions with diisatin oxalyldihydrazone ligand (H2Lx), respectively. Confirmation of their chemical structures was based on the investigation of alternative spectroscopic tools. To distinguish the role of Cu+/2+ ion and its various charges on their complexes' reactivity, the bioreactivity of H2Lx, CuL1, and CuL2 was established on the spectral results against the growth of some microbial series (fungi and bacteria) and against three human cancer/normal cells. Furthermore, their behavior towards calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was evaluated through viscometric and spectrophotometric titration. Both CuL1 and CuL2 complexes exhibited an amazing inhibiting effect against the growth of the titled microbial series and the human cancer cells, corresponded to the inhibited zone (mm), MIC (μM), and IC50 magnitudes (μM) and compared with those of their uncoordinated H2Lx ligand. CuL1 demonstrated a featured interacted behavior against ctDNA over that of CuL2 depending on the obtained intrinsic binding constants and the derived Gibbs' free energy values. The assigned nature of interaction could be built on the covalent and/or noncovalent modes, which supported by the electronegativity and electrophilicity of the titled studied compounds towards ctDNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wellbore instability constitutes potential risks during wellbore drilling operation; these risks may cause complicated states, and in some cases, can lead to costly operational issues. In this study we present the best solution by predicting and quantifying wellbore instability in Muzhil field, Gulf of Suez, using a 1-DMechanical Earth Model (1DMEM) built with well logs, pressure measurements, and drilling events reports. Firstly, we created 1DMEM by calculating the pore pressure, vertical stress, rock strength, rock elastic parameters, and horizontal stresses. Mohr Coulomb, Modified Lade and Mogi Coulomb failure criteria determined the well deformation possibility. Lastly 1-DMEM can be used to conduct a comprehensive geo-mechanical wellbore stability analysis for the trouble zones of Muzhil Formation. 1-DMEM results showed that the best azimuth for Vertical and slightly inclined Wells will be (40º–60º) clockwise from the North, i.e., parallel to SHmin (NE40SW). The wellbore stability analysis showed that the vertical and low deviated wellbore (less than 40º) is safe and more stable than the horizontal and high deviated wellbore and unsuitable Mud Weight (MW) is a major cause of the wellbore instability. The optimal solution to wellbore instability is to follow the optimum wellbore path and use safe MW. The optimum MW in shale formation ranges from (13.5-15) ppg. The results contribute to the development plan of the wellbores nearby the studied area and reducing nonproductive time and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The need for methods to lessen the impacts of heat stress has increased due to climate change. The addition of trace elements to the food of chicks is an approach used to enhance production yield while boosting grill productivity. In livestock production, selenium is a crucial trace mineral for improved performance, physiological state, and health advantages. Numerous studies have examined the advantages and uses of both organic and inorganic selenium in poultry feeding. On the other hand, there is a dearth of knowledge on the use of organic selenium in heat-stress situations. In this work, we assessed the impact of dietary organic selenium on broiler growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood profiles under heat stress, with or without a zinc-chromium mixture. According to the findings, adding organic selenized yeast improves the haematological, biochemical, and antioxidant status of broilers as well as their productivity. The weights and carcass qualities of the birds given Zn-Cr plus low or high Se levels were improved. In light of this, we concluded that the combined effect of feed additives (Zn-Cr and organic-Se) could reduce the effects of heat stress on broilers by increasing metabolic processes and enhancing growth performance. To determine the effects of organic selenium (0.0–0.6 mg and 0.9 mg Se/Kg diet) and Zn-Cr mixture (100 mg Zn/Kg diet plus 1.5 mg Cr/Kg diet) on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, blood hematology, and biochemistry under heat stress conditions, this study was conducted. Under temperatures between 30.21 to 31.82 °C, 240 broiler chickens (Ross-308), which were 7-day-old, were randomly assigned to one of six treatments: T1 (control), T2 (100 mg Zn per kg of diet and 1.5 mg Cr per kg of diet), T3 (0.6 mg Se per kg of diet), T4 (0.9 mg Se per kg of diet), T5 (100 mg Zn, 1.5 mg Cr and (LSe), and T6 (100 mg Zn, 1.5 mg Cr and (HSe)). At 35 days old, the chicks fed a diet containing Zn-Cr with low or high organic selenium (organic-Se) outweighed the control group in terms of live body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control treatment, birds fed diets supplemented with Zn-Cr or organic-Se (LSe, HSe) significantly increased their serum levels of total protein and total antioxidant capacity. However, these additives resulted in a decrease (p < 0.01) in their serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid. Together, it was found that trace elements (Zn-Cr and organic-Se) may greatly lessen the impacts of heat stress on broilers by promoting growth performance and boosting metabolic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Migraine is believed to affect over 20% of people at some point in their lives. The presence of sexual dysfunction in migraine sufferers can cause lack of self-confidence and divorces. The aim of this work is to study sexual dysfunction in migraine headache patients. Methods: The study was carried out at Tanta University Hospital. The study included married patients who visited our hospital clinic and have had episodic or chronic migraine headaches and another group of age and sex matched healthy subjects will be recurited as a control group. Our interview includes questions for disease duration, severity and frequency of headache attacks and attack duration. questionnaire. the Arabic Version of the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale and Beck depression inventory. Sexual function will be evaluated by an Arabic version of Arizona sexual experience scale. Results: The ASEX score showed high significant changes between migraine patients and healthy subjects. These changes were reconfirmed when comparing male patients to healthy subjects or female patients to healthy subjects.Despite there was no significant difference regarding total ASEX score between bot male and female patients with migraine there was significant differences in the items of derive, erection/lubrication and satisfaction between them. In patients with migraine the total ASEX score was correlated with the MIDAS, Beck depression inventory, Beck anxiety inventory; but not with the age of patients or headache duration. Conclusions: Sexual dysfunction is a common finding in migrine patients which is poorly evaluted in the clinical sitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four bacterial isolates were obtained from marine sediments collected from Sahl Hashish, Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt. This study was designed to search for promising anti-Alzheimer natural polysaccharide; therefore, four isolates were screened for exopolysaccharides (EPSs) production and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The isolate S16 provided the highest EPS yield (7.51 g/L) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. It was identified morphologically and genetically using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Bacillus maritimus. A Physicochemical analysis of S16 exopolysaccharide (BMEPS) was estimated, which pointed to the presence of uronic acid and sulfate (24.7% and 18.3%, respectively). HPLC analysis indicated that mannuronic acid, glucuronic acid, glucose, and mannose are presented in a molar ratio of 0.8:1.0:2.8:2.3, respectively. Furthermore, FT-IR revealed an abundance of β-configurations. The GPC estimated the average molecular weight (Mw) as 4.31 × 104 g/mol. BMEPS inhibited AChE (IC50; 691.77 ± 8.65 μg/ ml), BChE (IC50; 288.27 ± 10.50 μg/ ml), and tyrosinase (IC50; 3.34 ± 0.09, 14.00 ± 0.14, and 22.96 ± 1.23 μg/ ml during incubation durations of 10, 20, and 40 min). It also demonstrated a selective anti-inflammatory action against COX-2 rather than COX-1. Moreover, BMEPS exhibited antioxidant capabilities as free radical and oxygen reactive species (ROS) scavenger, metal chelator, reductant agent, and lipid peroxidation suppressor. These activities are due to the distinct chemical composition. The findings of this study indicate that BMEPS could be considered as promising anti-disease Alzheimer's (AD) material in an in-vitro model, which qualifies it for advanced in-vivo studies in the discovery of alternative Alzheimer's treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this research, we investigated any possible effect of receiving hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) or risperidone on the core symptoms of autism in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial in Minia and Assiut University hospitals in Egypt with three parallel groups. One hundred and eighty children with autism, aged 5–8 years were divided into three equal groups (n=60). Group 1 (G1) received 40 sessions of HBOT within two months, group 2 (G2) received risperidone (dose: 0.25 mg per day in children weighing less than 20 kg and 0.5 mg per day in cases weighing more) for six months, and group 3 (G3) as the control group, received a placebo for six months. The assessment was done using childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) at the beginning of the study (baseline) and after one year. Results: The mean total CARS and ATEC scores significantly decreased (improved) by varying degrees in the three groups after a year of follow-up compared to the baseline scores, but the best results were found in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Conclusion: Using HBOT or risperidone is effective in treating the core symptoms of autism in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, but using HBOT gives better results than risperidone therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply the charge simulation method (CSM) in order to compute the logarithmic capacity of compact sets consisting of (infinitely) many "small" components. This application allows to use just a single charge point for each component. The resulting method therefore is significantly more efficient than methods based on discretizations of the boundaries (for example, our own method presented in Liesen et al. (Comput. Methods Funct. Theory17, 689–713, 2017)), while maintaining a very high level of accuracy. We study properties of the linear algebraic systems that arise in the CSM, and show how these systems can be solved efficiently using preconditioned iterative methods, where the matrix-vector products are computed using the fast multipole method. We illustrate the use of the method on generalized Cantor sets and the Cantor dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to validate the Malay Happiness at Workplace (M-HAW) index questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey study with a convenience sampling method was carried out at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Malaysia. The forward-backward approach was used to translate the original 11 items of the M-HAW questionnaires, which were then distributed to respondents. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were utilised to assess the questionnaires' validity and reliability. A total of 501 healthy individuals were included in the study, with 72% female respondents and a mean age of 37.63 + 7.60. The questionnaire was generally well-received by participants, and reliability standards were met (Cronbach's α = 0.95). The EFA shows two distinct factors, namely individual and environmental factors. The CFA shows that the model was fit (RMSEA= 0.076, CFI= 0.978, x2/df= 3.31). The M-HAW demonstrated its validity as a good tool for determining happiness in the workplace. The M-HAW questionnaire can be used as a screening tool to measure happiness, and should be able to help an organisation provide suitable interventions to improve employee happiness. INSET: 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) blend nanocomposites filled with alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles were prepared. Al2O3 nanoparticles were used with or without surface treatment by the silane coupling agent bis[3 (triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, and Al2O3 nanoparticle–filled EPDM/SBR was compared with carbon black. The influences of the filler type, size, concentration, and surface property on the curing characteristics, degree of filler dispersion, mechanical properties, and morphological characteristics of the EPDM/SBR nanocomposites were investigated. We found that the mechanical and curing properties of the nanocomposites were enhanced owing to the presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The addition of the silane coupling agent further improved the properties of the nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era, nanomaterials are emerging as a powerful tool for management of plant disease and improving crop production to meet the growing global need for food. Thus, this paper was conducted to explore the effectiveness of five different types of nanoparticles (NPs) viz., Co3O4NPs, CuONPs, Fe3O4NPs, NiONPs, and ZnONPs as treatments for Fusarium wilt as well as their role in promoting growth of the common bean plant. The five types of NPs were applied as a treatment for wilt in two ways, therapeutic and protective plans under greenhouse conditions. In vivo experiments showed that all types of NPs significantly increased disease control and diminished the symptoms of Fusarium wilt for both incidence and severity. The recorded values for disease control using the respective NPs during the protective plan were 82.77, 60.17, 49.67, 38.23, and 70.59%. Meanwhile these values were 92.84, 64.67, 51.33, 45.61, 73.84% during the therapeutic plan. Moreover, CuONPs during the protective plan were the best among the five types of NPs employed in terms of wilt disease management. Regarding the use of these NPs as growth promoters, the obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of the five types of NPs in enhancing vegetative growth of the plant under greenhouse conditions, in comparison with control. Among the five NPs, CuONPs improved the plant vegetative growth and particularly increased the content of the photosynthetic pigments; chlorophyll-a (2.96 mg/g), -b (1.93 mg/g), and total carotenoids (1.16 mg/g). These findings suggest the successful and potential exploitation of nanomaterials in agriculture deployed as nano-based products including nano-fungicides and nano-fertilizers. In terms of sustainability, this promising and exceptional multifunctional role of these nanomaterials will surely exert positive impacts on both the environment and sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Porokeratosis is consisting of different group of diseases with autosomal dominant inheritance with wide types of presentations. While solar facial porokeratosis is a well distinguished non-inherited disease that triggered by sunlight exposure and was only reported in Iraq. Objectives To evaluate all types of porokeratosis that had been seen during specific period of time and tries to analyze them into characteristic groups. Results Fifty three patients with porokeratosis were evaluated into two groups: group one with 35 cases of different types of porokeratosis, with age range from 3-58 years with mean and SD of 30.1±11.7. The duration of the disease was ranged from 1-34 years while the mean and SD of 6.2±5.6 year, and the mean age of onset was 23.3±10.2 years, 24 (68.5%)males and 11(31.4%) females. There were wide range of presentation, common among males with M: F 6.5:1 and the clinical picture could be divided into localized and generalized manifestations and porokeratosis of Mibelli constituting the commonest type in 15(42.85%) cases. While the second group included 18 patients with solar facial porokeratosis, 10(55.5%) cases were females and 8 (44.4%)males, with age range from 19-30 years while the mean and SD were 27± 4.4 year. The disease duration ranged from 2-12 years with a mean and SD of 4.1± 2.9 year, with negative family history in all patients. It was disease of young people with slightly more among females with F: M 1.14:1. This variant was triggered by sunlight exposure and mainly manifested in summer time. The location of lesions was only on the face and commonly around nose. Conclusion The Porokeratosis is comprising of a heterogeneous group of diseases that could be classified into autosomal dominant inheritance fashion and consisted of localized and generalized diseases. While solar facial porokeratosis is non-inherited acquired variant with well distinguished clinical features that induced by sunlight exposure that could be considered as specific variant of porokeratosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-burn hypertrophic scar (HTS) is common and leads to physical, cosmetic, and psychological problems. Kinesio taping (KT) and contractubex phonophoresis (CP) were proven effective but no studies were found to compare between their effects on improving scar characteristics in post-burn HTS. Objective: The aim of the current work was to compare between effects of KT and CP on improving scar characteristics in HTS after burn injuries. Patients and methods: This study included 40 patients with HTS from burn injuries and aged 20 to 45 years who were selected from Om El Masryeen Hospital. They were randomly and equally allocated into group A (treated with KT) and Group B (received CP). Both groups received traditional physiotherapy. Treatment lasted for six weeks with three sessions weekly. They were assessed with Modified Vancouver burn Scar assessment Scale (MVSS) and A Schiotz tonometer device for scar characteristics. Results: There was a significant improvement in HTS characteristics after both interventions (P-value= 0.001). Significant difference was detected between groups in the improvement of HTS characteristics at post-treatment (P- value<0.01), in favor of group A. Conclusion: It could be concluded that KT is better than CP in improving HTS characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reclaimed asphalt modified by crumb rubber-modified binder aroused great interest due to its advantage of using two waste materials without compromising the mechanical performance. Apart from the economic and environmental benefits, many studies revealed that excellent mechanical characteristics could be obtained at some particular rubber and reclaimed asphalt percents. In this study, a binder bond test was performed to evaluate the binder bond strength of reclaimed asphalt modified by rubber modified binder in dry condition. Twenty-four binders with various rubber and reclaimed asphalt contents were prepared and tested. The 24 binders can be divided into four binder categories: virgin binder, reclaimed asphalt modified by a virgin binder, rubber modified binder, and reclaimed asphalt modified by rubber modified binder. Three aggregate types, limestone, basalt, and granite, were fostered. The results showed a fair correlation between binder viscosity and bond strength, indicating that higher bond strength can be achieved by increasing the reclaimed asphalt content in the reclaimed asphalt modified by rubberized binder. Even more, for binder # 70, reclaimed asphalt modified by rubberized binder with 40% reclaimed asphalt content has bond strength similar to the virgin binder, irrespective of the aggregate type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Plectranthus is a well-known genus for their diverse medicinal properties. • This review provides phytochemical constituent, IUPAC nomenclature, molecular formula and weight, chemical structure of the genus Plectranthus. • Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and future perspectives are discussed. Plectranthus is the third largest genus of the family Lamiaceae with long history in traditional medicine. It has been used for the treatment of diverse diseases around the world. The phytochemical studies of this genus show that they are rich in secondary metabolites such as diterpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, quinone and long-chain alkylcatechol. The reports of the various researchers on the phytochemical and pharmaceutical activities shows that it possesses profuse number of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiurolithiactic, anthelminthic, analgesics, anticancer and larvicidal properties. In order to bridge the insufficient knowledge about phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus, this study provides information about the phytochemical constituent, IUPAC nomenclature, molecular formula, molecular weight, chemical structure of about 298 phytocompounds and biological activity of several bioactive compounds. Even though this genus is explored with sizeable pharmacological activities, still many undescribed traditional and therapeutic properties prevail. The foremost purpose of this is study to reveal the knowledge gap, stimulate research attention and untangle opportunity in the field of drug discovery. This copious information about the pharmaceutical potential of this genus may pave the way for the researchers to discover beneficial drug for the human welfare. However, several species of Plectranthus are not covered for the pharmacological survey and pharmaceutical assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fruit of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of different ailments. Materials and Methods: We studied the phytochemical profile of S. terebinthifolia fruit and evaluated its properties, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Results: Phytochemical investigation of S. terebinthifolia fruit showed an estimated total phenolic content of 67 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, with respect to gallic acid, while the flavonoid content was 26 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, in terms of quercetin. Bioassay fractionation of methanolic extract of the fruit resulted in the isolation of a new molecule for the first time from this natural source: 4′,methoxy-6-vinyl-7- O -rhamnosyl-dihydromyricetin or 4′,methoxy-6-vinyl-7- O -rhamnosyl-ampelopsin (Compound 8). Seven other phenolic compounds were isolated, such as (1) gallic acid; (2) afzelin; (3) quercetin 3- O - β -D-glucopyranoside; (4) genistein 7- O - α -l-rhamnopyranoside; (5) ellagic acid; (6) kaempferol and (7) quercetin. The new compound was ascertained using UV, NMR and MS spectra and acid hydrolysis analysis. Significant antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial properties were observed in the alcohol extract, as well as proliferation inhibition in MCF-7 human cancer cell lines. Its activity in elevating glutathione levels in diabetic rats could be due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Conclusion: The new compound shows immunomodulatory effects that can be utilized to augment host responses, which is important in both cancer and infectious diseases and thus worth further pharmacological investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) are a common result of the occurrence of natural and man-made disasters, the refugees are one of these traumas in which some resulted from political conflicts. Today, Palestinians are the largest refugee population in the world after the Nakba in 1948. This study aims to discover the impact of chronic war traumas on PTSD diagnosis and symptoms from 2006 to 2021. The current study is a follow-up of 607 adolescents and adults, aged between 10–30 years of which are also those children who participated in the 2006 study. This research used an adapted PTSD scale (PTSD-SRII, 33 items) from a validated original questionnaire developed by Altawil in 2008 to measure PTSD based on symptoms reported in DSM-IV and ICD-10. Results: The main findings show at least 97.2% of participants had experienced at least 6 traumatic experiences up to the year 2006 and 100% of the participants were exposed to traumas in 2021. This study found four categories of responses to chronic war trauma: (a) Acute group (n = 321, 52.9%) shows high PTSD symptoms in 2006 and in 2021; (b) Remitters group (n = 54, 8.9%) shows high PTSD symptoms in 2006 but did not show significant PTSD symptoms in 2021; (c) Delayed group (n = 204, 33.6%) shows no PTSD symptoms in 2006 but showed significant PTSD symptoms in 2021; (d) Resilient group (n = 28, 4.6%) had no PTSD symptoms in 2006 and did not show PTSD symptoms in 2021. Conclusions: The authors conclude that Palestinian children, youth, adults and their families in the Gaza Strip are continually at a huge risk of developing PTSD and other psychological problems. This means that Palestinians will suffer for a long time from PTSD, which should be called Chronic Traumatic Stress Disorder (CTSD) rather than PTSD. This PTSD or CTSD cannot be changed unless the root of the problem is solved by ending the 74 years of living under occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work investigates the failure of three alloy boron steel A325M-8S type-1 grade bolts in steel structure racks. The bolts failure occurred almost 3 years after erection in three different locations within the period of approximately 4 months. The steel structure is subjected to mostly static loads with insignificant vibrations. The chemical composition and the mechanical properties of the failed bolts conform to the standard reference values. The bolts microstructure consists of tempered martensite, which is typically observed for heat-treated bolts. Visual inspection revealed the formation of a necking zone near the fracture area, with almost 30% area reduction at the fracture point. The fracture surface consisted of radial ridges forming a 45° angle with the bolt axis. SEM examination revealed quasi-cleavage fracture mode which is often observed for high strength steels. Similar fracture surface morphology was observed after the tensile test of a new unused bolt from the same grade. It is accordingly suggested that the fracture happened due to tensile overloading during installation. The usage of lubricants during installation can facilitate such tensile overloading especially with insufficient quality measures to ensure the application of proper tightening torques. It is recommended to replace the failed bolts and ensure proper monitoring of the tightening torques during the installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Ω be the multiply connected domain in the extended complex plane ℂ ¯ obtained by removing m non-overlapping rectilinear segments from the infinite strip S = { z : Im z < π / 2 } . In this paper, we present an iterative method for numerical computation of a conformally equivalent bounded multiply connected domain G in the interior of the unit disk D and the exterior of m non-overlapping smooth Jordan curves. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed method through two applications. First, we estimate the capacity of condensers of the form (S,E) where E ⊂ S is a union of disjoint segments. Second, we determine the streamlines associated with uniform incompressible, inviscid and irrotational flow past disjoint segments in the strip S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to examine the antioxidant polysaccharide activity (PsPc-3) derived from Pleurotus columbinus (P. columbinus) on oxidative renal injury (ORI) induced by cisplatin (CP). The principal components of crude polysaccharide were assessed. We studied the preventive impact of polysaccharide on cisplatin-induced renal damage in this study. For 21 days, we employed the CP-induced ORI rat model and divided the rats into four groups: control, CP alone, polysaccharide post CP (100 mg/kg) orally, and CP + polysaccharide (pre and post). The chemical characterization of the polysaccharide fraction PsPc-3 stated that protein was not present. PsPc-3 contained 7.2% uronic acid as assessed as 0% sulfate. PsPc-3 hydrolysate structured of Galacturonic:Glucose:Xylose and their molar proportions were 1:4:5, respectively. The average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular mass (Mn) per molecule of PsPc-3 were 5.49 × 104 g/mol and Mn of 4.95 × 104 g/mol respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was demonstrated by the polysaccharide of 65.21–95.51% at 10 mg/ml with IC50 less than 10 mg/ml. CP increased serum urea to 92.0 mg/dl and creatinine up to 1.0 mg/dl, with a concurrent decrease in the levels of total protein to 4.0 mg/dl. Besides, Also, CP-induced ORI raised levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and renal hormones (renin and aldosterone), with a decline in antioxidants compared to control rats. In addition, in the presence of CP, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels increased. PsPc-3 decreased these changes dramatically. PsPc-3 improves pathological renal damage caused by CP and decreases tubular apoptosis measured by DNA ladder formation and cleaved caspase- 3. These findings showed that PsPc-3 isolated from P. columbinus protects and inhibits tubular apoptosis in cisplatin-induced ORI. Furthermore, PsPc-3 has no influence on the anticancer efficacy of CP in rats. Thus, PsPc-3 derived from P. columbinus might provide a novel therapy method for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the prevalence and patterns of problematic gaming and gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association with psychiatric traits and major types of anxiety categories. Method: 1067 young adults participated in both wave 3 (2018) and wave 4 (2021) of the SALVe Cohort. Associations with psychiatric symptoms and anxiety were examined using logistic regression and Chi-square tests. Results: Problematic gaming decreased by 1.3 percentage points to 23.2% since the start of the pandemic, while problematic gambling increased by 0.9 percentage points to 6.5% in w4. Average time spent playing video games/day decreased from 2.2 h (w3) to 1.7 h (w4), while increases in gaming activity were associated with worsened feelings of loneliness (p = 0.002), depression (p < 0.001), and anxiety (p < 0.01) during the pandemic. Predictors for problematic gaming at w4 were previous problematic gaming and social anxiety (p = < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, previous problem gambling also predicted problem gambling at w4 p < 0.001. All anxiety categories were associated with both problematic gaming and gambling when adjusted for age and sex. However, after adjusting for depression and insomnia, social anxiety was associated with problematic gaming (p < 0.001), while panic was associated with problem gambling (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, problematic gaming has decreased since the start of the pandemic, while problem gambling has increased. Worsened feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic are associated with increased gaming. Moreover, the association between problematic gaming and gambling and anxiety is independent of depression and sleep problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim Vitamin D has a long-known critical function in calcium metabolism and its role in proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation. A lot of studies report that low vitamin D serum level might be a risk factor contributing for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic factors on vitamin D and assess how prevalent is the hypovitaminosis D and its relation with OCD. Patients and methods In this study, data were collected from 50 participants of OCD males aged from 18 to 40 years. Vitamin D serum levels of participants in this study were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results There is no significant relation regarding vitamin D level and OCD symptom severity found in our study. There is no statistically significant difference between participants of case group with low vitamin D levels (deficient and insufficient) in relation to OCD symptoms and severity. Conclusion There is a relation between low vitamin D serum level and OCD. However, there is no relation between vitamin D serum level, symptoms, or severity of OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk is regarded as an important source of essential amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements. Milk from camel is consumed in many Arabian countries as a traditional Medicine. However, few reports investigated the microbiological quality of raw camel milk in a comparison with cattle and buffalo’s milk. This study was conducted to investigate the bacteriological quality of raw milk collected from cattle, buffaloes, and camel. Besides, Isolation and identification of different E. coli serotypes were carried out. Moreover, molecular confirmation of the recovered E. coli isolates via amplification of 16S rRNA and detection of shiga toxin coding genes (stx1, and stx2) were done using PCR. Additionally, the antibiogram of the recovered E. coli isolates was screened using the disk diffusion method. The obtained results indicated that milk samples collected from camels had the lowest microbial counts compared with that of cattle and buffaloes. E. coli was isolated from the collected samples of cattle, buffaloes, and camel at 50%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. Various E. coli serotypes were identified in the present study with the ability of three and four E. coli isolates recovered from cattle milk samples to harbor stx1, and stx2, respectively. All recovered E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistance profiling. Therefore, pasteurization of milk prior to use, and adoption of strict hygienic measures are highly recommended to avoid the risk of human exposure to shiga toxin producing E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]