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Abstract Background Bovine colostrum (BC) with liposomal delivery system (LDS) is a promising supplement to premature infant formula in absence of mother own milk. We propose that BC with LDS can target multiple etiological factors that threaten the developing retina, making premature infant less liable for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BC with LDS in the prevention of ROP. Methods This was a single center, randomized, controlled trial. Two hundred and eleven preterm infants of gestational age ≤ 32weeks were admitted to the NICU of Alexandria University Children Hospital, Egypt, and randomly allocated into either non-BC group (n = 105) or BC group (n = 106). Patients in BC group received 3.5 ml /kg/day of BC for 14 days. All patients were monitored for development of ROP, anemia, late onset sepsis (LOS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), in addition to growth assessment. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors predicting ROP development. Results Compared with the non-BC group, BC group was associated with a significantly lower incidence of ROP (5/100 vs. 16/100, respectively) with a p-value of 0.033. The administration of BC significantly decreased serum C- reactive protein (CRP) level and increased weight on day-14 of the study in comparison with the CRP level and birthweight at the beginning of study, with Cohen’s D= -0.184, D = -2.246, respectively. Patients with suspected sepsis were significantly less in BC than non-BC group, p = 0.004. Patients with BC had significantly higher hemoglobin level on day-14 than non-BC-group, with median (IQR) 12.2 (11.0–13.9) and 11.7 (10.5–12.9), respectively. BC intake is one of factors that decreased development of ROP in univariate analysis. Nevertheless, weight gain and birth weight were the most significant factors affecting ROP development in multivariate-regression model. Conclusion BC may reduce the incidence of ROP in preterm neonates aged ≤ 32 weeks. This might be due to keeping better Hb level and growth rate, as well as anti-inflammatory properties through its ability to decrease CRP level. Trial registration This work was registered on 06/13/2022 in clinicaltrial.gov with ID no.: NCT05438680 and URL: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05438680?term=NCT05438680&draw=2&rank=1 .

Introduction Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common childhood kidney diseases. Thromboembolic (TE) events are among the most serious complications of NS in children, with a reported prevalence of 1.8–5%. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the predominant type. Most cases of TE are clinically symptomatic, but some may be subclinical, thus, their true incidence may be underestimated. Studies on TE in childhood onset NS are few and varied, this prompted us to conduct the present study.Objective To study the pattern of thromboembolism in childhood INS.Patients and Methods This descriptive retrospective study included 225 pediatric patients with idiopathic NS (11 with TE events and 214 with no TE events) regularly following up in Alexandria University Children’s Hospital, Egypt from 2013 to 2023. Diagnosis of thromboembolism was based on clinical diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic imaging.Results The frequency of TE among our cohort was 4.9%.The median age of onset of the first TE event was 5.5 years. Most of the TE events (63.6%) occurred during the 1st 6 months of NS diagnosis. The total number of TE events was 15 events, and the most common site was cerebral sino-venous thrombosis (CSVT). The triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the TE event group. The median urinary protein/creatinine ratio was slightly higher in the TE event group. In the TE event group, 4 patients (36.4%) were steroid-resistant and only one of the 11 patients died.Conclusion In conclusion, TE events are not uncommon among INS children and most of the events occurred early during the disease. There was no significant relationship between the degree of proteinuria, serum albumin level, and the occurrence of TE events, while the level of triglycerides was significantly higher in patients who developed TE events.

Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep breathing disorder affecting 9–25% of the general adult population. Aim To assess airflow limitation by spirometric indices in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Patients and methods This observational case–control study was conducted on 60 subjects who were divided into four groups: Group I (control group), included 20 subjects chosen from other departments, who had no respiratory complaints with apnea–hypopnea index (AHI

Introduction: Leech extract contains many identified bioactive substances which have a variety of biological effects. Leech extract was discovered in the late 19th century and since then many pharmaceutical products have been produced using leech extract for different ailments, but many have been withdrawn. Ongoing studies focus on developing health authority compliant pharmaceuticals to be used as modern medicine. Methodology: The online databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched using different keywords: ''Leech'', ''Leech extract'', ''Leech salivary gland extract'' and ''Leech saliva extract''. The purpose of this review was to discuss the development of leech extract as a therapeutic agent, including the evolution of extraction techniques, and the successful manufacturing of leech extract-based pharmaceuticals. Results: Leech extract has been successfully developed as a therapeutic agent. Some of the developed leech extract-based pharmaceutics were withdrawn and some are still in the market. The extraction methods played a vital role in the quality and efficacy of leech extract-based pharmaceutics and ultimately on their sustainability in the market. Also, the full characterization of leech extract components is a key factor in the development of leech extract as a therapeutic agent. Discussion: This review provides a comprehensive historical perspective on the development of leech extract therapy, exploring its various stages of development and the key scientific and medical advances that have shaped its current state. The discussion also delves into potential future applications. Conclusion: Leech extract is an invaluable source of bioactive substances that can be utilized for the treatment of mild and life-threatening medical disorders. This review will encourage other scientists to continue their research on leech extract, especially in the areas of formulation and marketing.

The basic principle of the clothing industry is to cover the human being and protect his body from natural factors such as wind, hail, rain, sunlight, and different natural conditions, so the functional clothing appeared, where the clothes became indicative of the job of the wearer and helped him in a better performance.And there are sports clothes that also express the type of sports game that the player plays. These functional and sports clothes must be designed with standard standards that achieve safety, protection and comfort for the wearer according to the needs of his job.In this research; we study the design and functional requirements of motorsport clothing and Europe is the main center for this sport, and this sport is organized by the International Automobile Federation called (FIA) and its headquarters is located in Paris, France.The objective of the research is to achieve the design and functional requirements of the racing suit, which is the comfort, protection, safety and the required suitable appearance.The racer's suit should be comfortable during the race and also protected against fire hazards, collisions and accidents in the racetrack.There are also many parts of the motorsports uniform (helmet - face mask - gloves - racing suit - racing shoes) and all of these parts must be made of fire-resistant materials to protect the driver until the flame is extinguished.Using of Nomex has begun on a large scale in the manufacture of racing suits which is a fire-resistant aramid fiber manufactured in (DUPONT laboratories),There is also (D3O) material, which is a non-Newtonian liquid substance that was discovered in 2005 in Britain, and this material protects the body from accidents,so it is used as a protective padding in dangerous sports clothing.The research includes main themes:The first: includes the theoretical framework that was compiled from research and books,as well as from magazines and Internet.The second: includes the practical framework for the research, where a set of proposed designs were made, which achieve comfort and safety for the driver during the race. A questionnaire was also conducted to select the best designs for their implementationThe third: it includes the results of the research, where the best proposed designs were implemented with the recommendation to use Nomex and D3O material in driver suit to protect him. We also reached to the standards and characteristics that required in motorsports clothing.

Abstract Malachite Green (MG) dye of the triphenylmethane group is a toxic compound used in the aquaculture industry as an antifungal agent, however, it can accumulate in fish and pose toxicity. The present work aims to remove MG in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution. Out of six samples, the highest malachite green degradation was obtained by a sample obtained from Robiki tannery site in agar plates in 24 h at 37 °C. Robiki sample was used to inoculate the anodic chamber in Microbial Fuel cell, the resulting average electricity production was 195.76 mV for two weeks. The decolorization average was almost 88%. The predominant bacteria responsible for MG decolorization and electricity production were identified using 16S rRNA as Shewanella chilikensis strain MG22 (Accession no. OP795826) and formed a heavy biofilm on the anode. At the end of the decolorization process, MG was added again for re-use of water. The results showed efficiency for re-use 3 times. To ensure the sterility of treated water for re-use, both UV and filter sterilization were used, the latter proved more efficient. The obtained results are promising, MFC can be used as recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The same aquaculture water can be treated multiple times which provides a sustainable solution for water conservation. Graphical Abstract

Aged myoblasts suffer from impaired glycolysis and insulin resistance, but increase methionine catabolism, possibly to meet energetic demands. Here, authors show that inhibiting methionine metabolism via NANOG reprogramming or MAT2A inhibition restores the function and regeneration capacity of aged muscle.

Abstract Background A minimally invasive approach has become standard for mitral valve surgery. The periareolar approach has grown in popularity regarding the cosmesis for patients. We have adopted a new modification to the periareolar approach: the periareolar minimally invasive (PAMI) technique. The objectives of the current study are to test the hypothesis that the PAMI approach is more feasible and safer than the inframammary approach in addition to identify risk factors and assess outcomes of both periareolar and inframammary approach. Methods A randomized controlled trial of 3 months compared the PAMI technique to the inframammary approach for minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Results A total of 102 patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups: 53 received minimally invasive cardiac surgery through the periareolar approach, and 49 were the control group using the inframammary approach. Using intention-to-treat analysis, the periareolar approach was superior to the inframammary approach in surgical site infection (two cases in comparison to 8 with P = 0.004), and the number needed to treat for effectiveness was 8. No early deaths occurred, 97 cases (95.1%) needed no reoperation, and 5 cases (4.9%) were reopened for bleeding. The primary endpoints compared were the duration of procedure, duration of mechanical ventilation, amount of bleeding, ICU stay, and hospital stay. We found no statistically significant differences between the groups. At 3 months, the secondary endpoints evaluated were the rate of surgical site infection, respiratory complications, groin complications, pericardial effusion, breast hematoma, and cosmoses using a Likert scale. We found no statistically significant difference between the groups, except for surgical site infection (P = 0.004) and cosmesis (P < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this PAMI trial are suggestive that the PAMI technique is most probably applicable for the right side of the heart, such as in atrial septal defect closure, tricuspid disease, and mitral valve surgery. Trial registration PAMI Trial NCT04726488 Registered January 27, 2021