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Abstract This article is concerned with a thermoelastic response in a non-local micro-stretch completely covered in the endless non-viscous fluid under temperature dependent, the medium is investigated employing the theory of Green-Naghdi (G-N III) and the model of three-phase-lag (3PHL).Basic equations are derived based on these models. The normal mode technique is employed to achieve an analysis solution to the problem. The study used a magnesium crystal element to compare non-local measurements of thermo-micro-stretch elasticity in water using the (G-N III) theory and the (3PHL) model. The non-local effect has been discovered to have a considerable impact on all physical quantities. Furthermore, comparisons are made between three different frequency values.

Abstract Background Assessing the methodological quality of case reports and case series is challenging due to human judgment variability and time constraints. We evaluated the agreement in judgments between human reviewers and GPT-4 when applying a standard methodological quality assessment tool designed for case reports and series. Methods We searched Scopus for systematic reviews published in 2023–2024 that cited the appraisal tool by Murad et al. A GPT-4 based agent was developed to assess the methodological quality using the 8 signaling questions of the tool. Observed agreement and agreement coefficient were estimated comparing published judgments of human reviewers to GPT-4 assessment. Results We included 797 case reports and series. The observed agreement ranged between 41.91% and 80.93% across the eight questions (agreement coefficient ranged from 25.39 to 79.72%). The lowest agreement was noted in the first signaling question about selection of cases. The agreement was similar in articles published in journals with impact factor

Abstract Background Inflammatory markers were found to be elevated in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and D-dimer levels may predict morbidity and mortality in (COVID-19) patients. Radiology plays a key role in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of this disease. This study aimed to describe the radiological features of (COVID-19) infection, measure C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and ferritin levels and to correlate them with patient’s outcome and to consider them as predictors of morbidity and mortality in (COVID-19) patients. Methods This prospective cross-sectional analytic study had been done on 159 patients aged ≥ 18 years old, admitted at Assiut University Hospital RICU from November 2021 to November 2022, diagnosed as COVID-19 by positive RT-PCR. All patients were categorized on bases of HRCT chest disease reporting and data system (CO-RADS) scoring system into non-severe (CO-RADS 1,2,3) and severe (CO-RADS 4,5) groups. Inflammatory markers such as CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer were measured. Age, sex, comorbidities, need to mechanical ventilation MV, and mortality rate were reported. Correlation between HRCT(CO-RADS) score, inflammatory markers, and patient’s outcome was assessed. Results Higher CRP and serum ferritin levels, lower lymphocytic count, and higher frequency of need for mechanical ventilation were significantly greater in the severe group (P

Abstract Characterization of a productive oil/gas well blowout through seismological methods is relatively uncommon. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth seismic evaluation of one of the world’s most significant onshore oil well blowout incidents, which occurred in 2020 at the Baghjan oil field in Assam, northeast India. We show that the blowout and related on-site activities generated distinct signals that can be distinguished by their spectral characteristics, temporal variation in geometric spreading, and sharp attenuation of daytime noise in comparison to the nighttime. A micro-earthquake potentially triggered by the blowout was also detected. Furthermore, we show how seismic data can be used to reasonably estimate blowout gas exit velocity and flame height. Our results demonstrate that a detailed characterization and spatiotemporal variation of blowout activity can be successfully captured through seismic monitoring, opening new opportunities for hazard mitigation and cost-effective disaster management for such catastrophic events.

Abstract Detection of the low resistivity-low contrast (LRLC) reservoirs is among the main challenges in the oil industry. In this concern, the LRLC pay zones of the Upper Messinian Abu Madi clastic reservoirs in the onshore Nile Delta Gas fields became a main challenge for significant exploration. This type of reservoirs, including low resistivity-low contrast zones and thin-bedded intervals, are often overlooked using the conventional petrophysical evaluation techniques, especially in the wildcat exploratory wells or highly agitated shoreline depositional environments like the Nile Delta of Egypt. These hidden low contrast reservoirs are generally challenging due to the presence of many shale intercalations/laminations and/or due to increasing the shale volume represented in the form of dispersed distribution, and the dominance of conductive clay minerals. Therefore, in this study, the expected high resistivity values of the gas-bearing reservoir intervals of the Abu Madi Formation in the onshore Begonia gas Field, as a typical case study of the LRLC reservoirs, are masked due to the relatively high shale conductivity, particularly when the thickness of these intervals is less than the vertical resolution of the utilized conventional resistivity log. To verify the LRLC phenomena of the Begonia gas Field, the obtained data was compared to the South Abu El Naga gas Field as a normal case study with a relatively high resistivity gas-bearing pay zone. To overcome the impact of the conductive clay mineral content and identify these hidden low resistivity reservoir intervals, it is necessary to integrate the conventional logging data (gamma-ray, shallow and deep resistivity, density, and neutron) with the acoustic log data including shear and compressional sonic data. In this way, a useful relationship can be established enabling the detection of these hidden LRLC reservoir intervals. This integration is based on the principle that shear waves are not influenced by the fluids types, whereas the compressional sonic waves are influenced by the reservoir fluids. However, to effectively investigate these concealed LRLC reservoir intervals, which can boost production and increase the potential reserves, it is essential to have a low water cut value. The present study represents introduces an efficient workflow, which can be extended to other similar LRLC pay zones in the Nile Delta and northeast Africa. It is also extendible to the LRLC reservoirs in similar deltaic systems having conductive minerals-bearing reservoirs or thin beds.

Abstract Compressive sensing (CS) has been widely used to sense the wideband spectrum with fewer measurements by taking advantage of radio spectrum underutilization. As new smart devices, such as IoT devices, smart home devices, and wearables, use batteries and have limited memory, more research is needed to reduce the overuse of cognitive radio (CR) resources through spectrum sensing. To reduce the number of compressive measurements required for spectrum recovery, researchers proposed approaches like weighted and sequential compressive sensing. In this paper, we estimate the primary user’s (PU) behavior statistics and use the estimated information in a novel weighted sequential compressive spectrum sensing approach. Our proposed approach can reduce and adapt the number of measurements and the sensing time to the changing number of active channels in a dynamically changing wideband spectrum.

Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is an opportunistic encapsulated fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunosuppressed individuals. Since IL-6 is important for blood-brain barrier support and its deficiency has been shown to facilitate Cn brain invasion, we investigated the impact of IL-6 on systemic Cn infection in vivo, focusing on central nervous system (CNS) colonization and glial responses, specifically microglia and astrocytes. IL-6 knock-out (IL-6−/−) mice showed faster mortality than C57BL/6 (Wild-type) and IL-6−/− supplemented with recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6; 40 pg/g/day) mice. Despite showing early lung inflammation but no major histological differences in pulmonary cryptococcosis progression among the experimental groups, IL-6−/− mice had significantly higher blood and brain tissue fungal burden at 7-days post infection. Exposure of cryptococci to rIL-6 in vitro increased capsule growth. In addition, IL-6−/− brains were characterized by an increased dystrophic microglia number during Cn infection, which are associated with neurodegeneration and senescence. In contrast, the brains of IL-6-producing or -supplemented mice displayed high numbers of activated and phagocytic microglia, which are related to a stronger anti-cryptococcal response or tissue repair. Likewise, culture of rIL-6 with microglia-like cells promoted high fungal phagocytosis and killing, whereas IL-6 silencing in microglia decreased fungal phagocytosis. Lastly, astrogliosis was high and moderate in infected brains removed from Wild-type and IL-6−/− supplemented with rIL-6 animals, respectively, while minimal astrogliosis was observed in IL-6−/− tissue, highlighting the potential of astrocytes in containing and combating cryptococcal infection. Our findings suggest a critical role for IL-6 in Cn CNS dissemination, neurocryptococcosis development, and host defense.

Abstract Ovarian insufficiency is one of the common reproductive disorders affecting women with limited therapeutic aids. Mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated in such disorders before yet, the exact mechanism of MSCs in ovarian regeneration regarding their epigenetic regulation remains elusive. The current study is to investigate the role of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) lncRNA (Neat-1 and Hotair1) and miRNA (mir-21-5p, mir-144-5p, and mir-664-5p) in mitigating ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis as well as searching BM-MSCs in altering the expression of ovarian and hypothalamic IGF-1 – kisspeptin system in connection to HPG axis in a cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian failure rat model. Sixty mature female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 equal groups; control group, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) group, and POI + BM-MSCs. POI female rat model was established with cyclophosphamide. The result revealed that BM-MSCs and their conditioned media displayed a significant expression level of Neat-1, Hotair-1, mir-21-5p, mir-144-5p, and mir-664-5p. Moreover, BM-MSCs transplantation in POI rats improves; the ovarian and hypothalamic IGF-1 – kisspeptin, HPG axis, ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, energy balance, and oxidative stress. BM-MSCs expressed higher levels of antiapoptotic lncRNAs and microRNAs that mitigate ovarian insufficiency.

Coacervation is a low-energy method that is ideal for encapsulating heat-sensitive materials, e.g., limonene, citral, linalool, and isoamyl acetate. This research used a simple coacervation method to prepare flavoring beads with alginate and Tween 80. The methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy made it possible to study the morphology and structure of the flavoring beads. After the extraction, the flavor retention and structure were described using the method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The microcapsules demonstrated a retention rate of 99.07–99.73% while the encapsulation efficiency remained as high as 96.40–97.07%. The microcapsules had a mononuclear structure and ranged from spherical to elongated ellipsoids; they were sealed without agglomeration. The particle size was below 1000 µm. The GC-MS chromatograms detected neither structural changes nor any new compounds. The FTIR spectra were similar to the control but demonstrated slight shifts, which suggested fundamental structural changes caused by the coacervation. We also fortified sponge cake and jelly with flavoring beads. The sensory analysis of the sponge cake samples revealed no significant differences compared to the control. All the fortified jelly samples had higher scores for smell, taste, texture, and overall preference than the control. The coacervation method proved to be an excellent solution for the problem of heat-sensitive flavorings that often lose quality or sensory attributes in food products that undergo extensive thermal treatment.