Search

Nonrenewable energy sources have been shown to be a cause of conflict and terrorism, highlighting the global conflict aspect, but little is known about the causal relationship between the energy system and terrorism in Turkey. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the causal links among renewable energy consumption, fossil fuels, terrorist attacks, education, trade opening, and geopolitical risks in Turkey from 1980 to 2016. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and Granger causality tests, the study analyzes the short and long‐term relationships between the variables. Additionally, robustness tests are conducted using a powerful multiresolution ARDL approach to ensure the stability of the statistical findings. The results reveal the existence of long‐term relationships between all the variables, particularly among terrorism, renewable energy, and education. In the short term, a one‐way relationship exists between terrorism and education to renewable energies and from trade openness to terrorism. The study demonstrates that nonrenewable energy increases terrorism in the long term, whereas renewable energy and trade openness reduce terrorism, highlighting the potential impact of global conflicts on Turkey's sustainable development. Therefore, renewable energy is a powerful tool to fight against terrorism, and Turkey has encouraged its use and deployment of diplomatic efforts to resolve political and military conflicts, particularly in the Middle East. This study provides insights into the complex relationship among sustainable energy consumption, terrorism, education, and trade opening, contributing to the understanding of the geopolitical risks and economics in Turkey. It has implications for policymakers in the region, highlighting the importance of renewable energy and trade openness as tools for conflict resolution and sustainable development in the face of global conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community detection and link prediction are interdependent to a high degree. Knowing the community structure beforehand improves the identification of missing links, whereas clustering on networks with newly introduced missing links improves community detection. In this work, we examine the effectiveness of employing community structure information to predict links in static networks by combining local, quasi-local, and global similarity features to compensate for the weaknesses of each approach. Moreover, we formally defined two classes of links, called relevant links, based on the network's community structure. These links are important because they connect communities or distant nodes within communities. To solve these issues, we developed two hybrid link prediction algorithms based on network communities. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid algorithms, we conducted a comprehensive computational campaign using both real-world and synthetic data-sets. Experiments show that adding information on communities and relevant links enhances the accuracy of link prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric ceramics, Ba0.95Sr0.05(Ti0.95Zr0.05)1–xSnxO3 (BSTZS), with varying Sn content (x = 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%), were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. This study delves into the temperature-dependent ferroelectric behavior of BSTZS ceramics, with a focus on their potential for thermal energy conversion, assessed using the Olsen cycle. Operating the cycle within the temperature range of 25 to 110 °C and applying an electric field ranging from 0 to 30 kV/cm, we achieved an impressive maximum energy conversion density of 175 kJ/m3 per cycle for the composition with x = 5%. Notably, when compared to other lead-free ferroelectric materials, these results demonstrate a significantly high energy density, particularly for relatively modest electric fields and temperature gradients. Considering the impact of temperature on hysteresis parameters, we also provide insights into the relationship between remnant polarization (Pr) and temperature (T), along with scaling relations. The power-law exponents for hysteresis parameters in the examined compositions are determined. The scaling relations for coercive field (EC) and remnant polarization (Pr) are expressed with respect to T as follows: EC ∝ T −0.3803, EC ∝ T −0.8806, EC ∝ T −0.6010, and EC ∝ T −0.0389 for x = 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%, respectively. Similarly, Pr ∝ T −0.364, Pr ∝ T −0.962, Pr ∝ T −2.170 and Pr ∝ T −4.018 for x = 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%, respectively. Furthermore, we have employed the Arrhenius law to calculate the average activation energy for all materials. This calculation helps us estimate the behavior of back-switching polarization (Pbc) as a function of temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]