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Nanotechnology is developing into a fast-expanding discipline with applications in science and technology, and nanostructures are a crucial research tool in many fields. Due to their remarkable electrical, optical, magnetic, catalytic, and pharmacological capabilities, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn study interest. Natural elements (plants, microorganisms, fungi, etc.) are utilized in a chemical-free, environmentally benign way to synthesize metals and metal oxides. The optical, electrical, and antimicrobial qualities of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) make them a popular choice. More than 200 active ingredients, including water-soluble, organic-soluble, and volatile chemicals, are found in Ganoderma. The main components are polysaccharides, adenosine, and terpenoids, each of which has exceptional therapeutic properties. This article explains the synthesis of Ag NPs by Ganoderma lucidum and tests the antibacterial effectiveness for use in biological applications.

Purpose: To estimate the effect of simvastatin gel in the osseointegration of dental implants using bone scintigraphy. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 participants with missing mandibular first molars and D2 type bone were assigned equally to two groups. Group A received 1.2% simvastatin and group B received placebo gels during the placement of implants. The participants were subjected to bone scintigraphy to determine the osteoblastic activity at baseline, 30 days, and 90 days after implant placement. Results: Group A had a significant increase in osteoblastic activity between baseline, day 30, and day 90 (P < .05), with a higher mean of 100.06% ± 21.644% on day 30. Group B had a significant increase in osteoblastic activity only between baseline and day 30 and between baseline and day 90 (P < .05). There was no difference between days 30 and 90 (P > .05), with a higher mean of 79.20% ± 18.255% on day 30. A bivariate analysis performed at different time periods revealed a significant difference between groups A and B on day 30. Conclusions: Implants placed with 1.2% simvastatin gel showed enhanced osteoblastic activity in the 4th week after implant placement, indicating that there was a faster rate of osseointegration at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research investigates the corrosion resistant efficiency of 2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1] nonan – 9–one (PABN) as inhibitor in carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 environment through experimental and theoretical approaches. The weight loss methodology demonstrates that 0.10 ppm of nonan-9-one compound effectively inhibits corrosion in carbon steel submerged in an acidic environment with an efficiency of inhibition as high as 97.2 %. The polarization studies reveals the function of the compound as an inhibitor at the anodic site, influencing the kinetics of carbon steel corrosion effectively. Impedance spectra under alternating current conditions elucidate the influence of the protective film formed by the action of PABN compound on the electrical behavior and corrosion resistance in carbon steel material. This existence of the protective film composed of carbon steel and PABN compound is affirmed through different techniques such as SEM, EDX and AFM. The DFT analysis anticipates the interaction patterns of the inhibitor with the surface of carbon steel using quantum chemical calculations, analyzing the molecular interactions between the molecules of the inhibitor and the surface of carbon steel, providing insights into PABN's corrosion inhibitory properties.

A Schiff base namely, 2-[(furan-3ylmethylene)-amino]-benzenethiol (2-FAB) was synthesized and its influence on the inhibition of corrosion in carbon steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 was investigated by weight loss analysis, potentiodynamic polarization studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The weight loss measurements showed that 2-FAB has an excellent inhibiting efficiency of 95.51% at a concentration of 250 ppm. The inhibitor efficiency was found to depend on both the concentration and molecular structure of the inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that the studied inhibitors represent a mixed-type, predominantly cathodic control. An equivalent circuit is suggested based on an analysis of EIS data. Surface analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) show a significant morphological improvement on the mild steel surface with the addition of 2-FAB. The negative value of standard free energy of adsorption in the presence of inhibitor suggests the spontaneous adsorption of inhibitors on the carbon steel surface. The Temkin and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were found to provide a accurate description of the adsorption behavior of the inhibitor. Taken as a whole, this work demonstrates that 2-FAB shows promising results in resisting the deterioration of carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 environment. The inhibitor forms a protective film on the surface of the carbon steel, significantly reducing its corrosion rate.

GaOOH powders of submicron dimensions were synthesized through a simple, surfactant-free hydrothermal synthesis at pH values of 7 and 14. Sn and Cr at concentrations of 2 mol% and 1 mol%, respectively, were successfully incorporated into a GaOOH lattice at pH = 7. The synthesized powders were characterized through XRD, SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, XPS, and PL spectroscopy to untangle their structural, morphological, optical, elemental, and compositional- and defect-level analyses, respectively. All samples were individually tested for their in vitro anti-proliferation activities against three human cancer cell line profiles, namely, lung carcinoma (A549), colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HuH-7). The samples showed obtrusive anti-proliferation activity against the three cancer line profiles. An apoptotic cell killing mechanism was found in the studied samples after a successful analysis of various staining assays and flowcytometric analyses in the A549 cancer cell profile. Cr loading at 1 mol% enhanced the cancer cell inhibition property of GaOOH against all cancer cells investigated. Also, the morphology and doping levels were observed to have a collective effect on the anti-proliferation activity of GaOOH with specificity in treating certain cancer cells.

Introduction: The success of any prosthetic rehabilitation depends on acceptable occlusion and muscle coordination. Occlusal therapy should be an integral part of restorative and prosthetic treatment. A thorough diagnosis of bite force and muscle activity is required to ensure the patient's masticatory function and comfort. The current system of digitisation lacks devices for the simultaneous evaluation of muscle activity and occlusal bite force, representing a significant limitation in understanding and managing restorative and rehabilitation therapy. Aim: To assess the efficacy of an ingeniously designed integrated device that records occlusal bite force and muscle activity. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted among 112 healthy volunteers in the Department of Prosthodontics at Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, for a period of one month and 45 days, from February 5, 2024 to March 20, 2024. The study aimed to validate the efficacy of a device designed to record bite force and muscle action potential simultaneously. The device consists of two key components: a square Forcesensitive Resistor (FSR) that records changes in resistance in response to applied force and a MyoWare 2.0 muscle sensor with Arduino (Advancer Technologies) for measuring the electrical activity of muscles. Study participants, aged between 21 and 35 years, were seated in an upright position. Muscle activity was recorded with surface electrodes placed on the masseter region, following Surface Electromyography for the Non Invasive Assessment of Muscles (SENIAM) guidelines, while a ground electrode was placed on the neck. Maximum Bite Force (MBF) was measured by placing intraoral pressure sensors, with recordings taken in maximum intercuspation three times, spaced one minute apart for each recording. Both muscle activity and bite force were recorded simultaneously. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between bite forces and muscle action potential with standard average values. Results: The results revealed a strong positive correlation between the masseter muscle activity action potential and the bite force values of the right molar (r=0.964, p<0.001), left molar (r=0.980, p<0.001) and incisor (r=0.550, p=0.002). Conclusion: The device synergistically records muscle activation patterns and bite force distribution, displaying the values in an integrated digital interface. The results of the study reveal that this device can serve as a diagnostic tool in prosthodontic treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New half‐sandwich dinuclear arene ruthenium complexes of the general formula [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(k2‐S‐arylthiourea)Cl] (1–3) have been synthesized. The structural characterization of the ruthenium complexes has been established using analytical and various spectroscopic techniques. The bidentate coordination of the ligands and pseudo‐octahedral geometry around the ruthenium(II) ion are confirmed by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. In vitro antiproliferative activity of the complexes has been studied by MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay against lung (A549), breast (MCF‐7), cervical (HeLa), ovarian (A2780) cancer cells, and non‐cancerous NIH‐3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The results show that all the complexes exhibit excellent cytotoxicity towards all the cancer cells, with a low IC50 concentration compared with cisplatin. Further, the mode of cancer cell death has been examined by AO–EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide), and DAPI (4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) staining studies demonstrate the apoptosis‐associated cell morphological changes. Furthermore, the quantitative differentiation of late apoptosis has been elucidated by flow cytometry employing dual staining of Annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide, which involves the transfer of phosphatidylserine to the external leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an academic discussion about investment efficiency, regarding its determinants and effects. Corporate Governance (CG) and Audit Quality (AQ) are determinants of investment efficiency The main objective of the article is to investigate the effect of CG and AQ on investment efficiency, this objective is divided into sub-objectives: to investigate the direct effect of CG on AQ, AQ on investment efficiency, and CG on investment efficiency. Moreover, the indirect effect of CG on investment efficiency through AQ as a mediator variable. This paper focuses on non-financial listed firms in the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX), especially firms recorded in EGX 100 for four years’ period (2013–2018), for 103 firms and 412 completed observations. The researcher uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS software. The paper shows evidence that management that has good CG mechanisms obtains a suitable atmosphere to prepare transparent financial statements, which helps enhance the auditor’s role and improve AQ. Improving AQ lowering IA, which increases the trust of investors in management decisions, this leads to reduce pressure on management and improve efficiency of investment decisions. Having good CG mechanisms provides management with a good atmosphere to make right investment decisions, and having good CG mechanisms increases AQ, which helps management to have a good environment to make investment decisions with higher efficiency, or in other words, there is a significant and positive effect of integration between CG and AQ on investment efficiency.

There is an academic discussion about the value relevance of deferred tax, which aims to find out the effect of deferred tax on the investors’ decisions. In light of this discussion, the first question is about the impact of deferred tax on management practices to manipulate earnings, which is called earnings management, the second question is about the value relevance of earnings management, the third question is about the value relevance of deferred tax, and the fourth question is about the mediating effect of earnings management. The paper focuses on listed firms in the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX), especially firms that were recorded in EGX 100, for six-year period (2013–2018) for 107 firms and 642 completed observations. The findings are as follows: management uses deferred tax to manipulate earnings, since an increase in deferred tax amounts increases earnings management practices; there is no value relevance of earnings management, which means earnings management practices do not affect the investors’ decisions; there is value relevance of deferred tax, which confirms that deferred tax is one of the determinants that affect the investors’ decisions; there is no value relevance of deferred tax through earnings management as a mediator variable since investors are not interested in earnings management practices to make their investment decisions. This paper investigates the relationship between deferred tax, earnings management, and value relevance in the Egyptian context.

Takotsubo syndrome is a reversible, stress-induced transient systolic and diastolic dysfunction. It was first described as a characteristic ballooning of left ventricular apex which closely resembles a Japanese fishing pot. Here the authors present a case report of a 40-year-old female who was posted for elective tonsillectomy, that developed sudden de-saturation immediately post-intubation, examination showed bilateral extensive and ECG showed symmetrical T wave inversion in leads V1 to V6 and troponin I was positive. A diagnosis of Perioperative myocardial infarction was made and hence patient was taken for coronary angiogram which was found to be normal. The left ventricular angiogram showed a typical finding of apical ballooning. The patient was diagnosed to have- Takotsubo Syndrome. Treatment included tablet Torsemide, Ramipril and Metoprolol. She was discharged after 7 days as the vitals got normalised.

Statement of the Problem: The common causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are identified as anatomic and/or functional abnormality in the oral cavity, oropharynx, velopharynx, and hypopharynx leading to compromised airway space and increased collapsibility. Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of implant-supported mandibular complete denture in improving the airway space among completely edentulous patients with OSA and compare it with conventional complete denture. Materials and Method: In this observational study, completely edentulous individuals were screened with snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, high blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, and gender (STOP-Bang) questionnaire to evaluate the incidence of OSA. Ten mild-moderate patients were included as study participants. Lateral cephalograms (L1) made at the edentulous state was considered baseline. They were rehabilitated with complete denture prosthesis. One week after denture insertion, two implants were placed in the edentulous mandibular arch. Delayed loading protocol was followed. Lateral cephalogram (L2) was made 6 months after complete denture insertion and 6 months after implant-supported prosthesis (L3). Cephalometric tracings were used to evaluate change in upper airway space (UAS), middle airway space (MAS), and lower airway space (LAS). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate statistical significance in the airway measurements made at the three intervals. Post hoc Tukey HSD and Bonferroni test were used to assess if the differences obtained were truly significant. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in UAS, MAS and LAS between L1, L2 and L3 (p< 0.05). Post hoc Tukey HSD indicated that UAS increased significantly at all three intervals followed by LAS and MAS respectively (α=.05). Post hoc Bonferroni test indicated that implant-supported mandibular complete dentures had a significant improvement in airway space when compared to conventional complete dentures (α=.05). Conclusion: Implant-supported mandibular complete denture could be effective in edentulous patients with mild-moderate OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Three Pd(II) complexes (1–3) containing tridentate chromone-based thiosemicarbazones (SVSHL1–3) have been investigated as potential anticancer agents. The complexes of the type [Pd(PPh3)(ONS-(SVSHL1–3)-OCH3)] were synthesized by the reaction of [PdCl2(PPh3)2] with the corresponding TSC ligands under inert conditions; the formation of the complexes occurred with the ligands undergoing in situ Michael addition. The characterization of complexes was achieved with the aid of analytical and various spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structure of complex 3 was determined using a single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, confirming the Michael addition pathway as well. The complexes were screened against a panel of cancer and normal cell lines to evaluate their anticancer activity; complexes 2 and 3 with a phenyl or cyclohexyl substituent on the N-terminal of the ligands exhibited IC50 values of 2.87 and 4.01 μM against HeLa cancer cells, respectively. The apoptotic mode of cell death was confirmed using microscopic and flow cytometry studies. Interestingly, normal cell architecture was seen in the tissues of mice treated with the active Pd(II) complexes, in contrast with those treated with cisplatin which induced severe damage to the normal tissues in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]