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Introduction. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaves in vitro, as well as to determine the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and flavonols. Study objects and methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH test using the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyle and the FRAP method, as well as by measuring total antioxidant capacity and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Results and discussion. The content of total polyphenols varied between 4.43 ± 0.3 and 12.66 ± 1.6 mg EAG/g. The highest content of flavonoids was observed in the hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum leaves (P < 0.05). The flavonol contents in the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts were 7.68 ± 0.6 and 9.20 ± 2.8 mg EQ/g, respectively. The IC50 of the antioxidant potential of the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts was 32.4 ± 1.109 and 35.12 ± 4.107 mg/mL, respectively. According to the DPPH test, the aqueous extract was the least active (IC50 = 14.15 ± 1.513 mg/mL). The highest percentage of hydrogen peroxide trapping was found in the aqueous extract (45.97 ± 6.608 %). The inhibition of α-amylase showed an IC50 of between 9.804 ± 0.67 and 19.011 ± 9.82 mg/mL in the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts, respectively. The inhibition of glucose uptake by yeast recorded a high inhibitory capacity at 50 mg/mL of glucose. Conclusion. We found that the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of P. granatum leaves extracts was due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, which is why they are effective in preventing diabetes and its complications.

Le concept de la qualité de la vie regroupe un ensemble de notions qui se rapportent aux conditions matérielles et immatérielles dans lesquelles vivent les individus. En économie, le concept a souvent été envisagé à travers le niveau de croissance du PIB, alors que la vie d’une personne est souvent déterminée par d’autres aspects plus subjectifs. Dans cet article nous allons étudier la perception de la qualité de vie des habitants de l’agglomération chef-lieu de Bejaia (ACL) à travers l’analyse de trois aspects : le logement, la santé et le bien-être.

Using a panel of 14 MENA countries, this paper investigates and examines whether financial development trains a substantial effect on entrepreneurship development by facilitating the rise of new firms. Generalized Two-Stage Least Squares estimate results with instrumental variables highlight the relevance of developed financial systems for the creation of new firms. In overall, financial development and its component explained by the institutional quality exert a positive and significant effect on new entry density in oil MENA countries compared to non-oil ones.

This article aims to elaborate an index of stability in the Algerian banking sector. We completing the battery of indicators developed by the bank of Algeria and by the IMF under the Financial Sector Assessment Program with the introduction of new variables and with the use of different econometric tools. Firstly, we propose different modelings of the stability index. We mobilize the principal components analysis for selecting the relevant information and the appropriate weights on the various variables. The article also uses the often adopted banking z-score. Secondly, we look for the best modeling with an econometric validation through the linear specification. The pattern of our aggregate banking stability index is in line with the recent evolution in Algeria. The index of stability of the Algerian banking sector is increasing during the considered period 2007-2011. This latter period is characterized both by deepening banking reforms and by recapitalization of public banks. The econometric results confirm the sensitivity of the index face of changes in some macroeconomic key indicators.

This research has attempted to understand and analyze the practices of informal solidarity finance in Kabylie, in this case the role of village banks and the management of public goods. In fact, we have analyzed the village solidarity system and the informal networks around which funds and networks are mobilized and structured, such as the networks of emigrants established abroad and organized in community associations. It is from this socio-economic context of the village communities of Kabylia, characterized by the embedding of practices of solidarity financing in the socio-cultural values and the self-organization of the villages that we posed the problematic of their operation and the interest of their institutionalization in organizations of social and solidarity economy in general and solidarity finance in particular like the community banks and inter-village cooperatives at the scale of the Wilaya. In other words, we have raised the issue of the professionalization and institutionalization of village banks as a factor likely to strengthen their sustainability and effectiveness in the financing and management of the collective goods of Kabyle villages.; Cette recherche a tenté de comprendre et d’analyser les pratiques de finance solidaire informelle en Kabylie, en l’occurrence le rôle des caisses villageoises et la gestion des biens collectifs. En effet, nous avons analysé le système de solidarité villageoise et les réseaux informels autour desquels se mobilisent et se structurent les financements comme les réseaux des émigrés établis à l’étranger et organisés en associations communautaires. C’est à partir de ce contexte socioéconomique des communautés villageoises de la Kabylie, caractérisé par l’encastrement des pratiques de financement solidaire dans les valeurs socioculturelles et l’auto-organisation des villages, que nous avons posé notre problématique. Celle-ci s’articule sur leur logique de leur fonctionnement et l’intérêt de l’institutionnalisation des caisses villageoises en organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire en général et de finance solidaire en particulier à l’instar des banques communautaires et coopératives inter-villageoises à l’échelle de la Wilaya. Autrement dit, nous avons posé la problématique de la professionnalisation et de l'institutionnalisation des caisses villageoises comme facteur susceptible de renforcer leur pérennisation et leur efficacité dans le financement et la gestion des biens collectifs des villages kabyles.