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Background: Acute gastroenteritis is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Objective: current study aimed to evaluate the effect of application of educational guidelines about preventive measures of acute gastroenteritis on mothers' knowledge and reported practices. Methods: A quasi experimental design was used in this study. The study was carried out in outpatient clinics affiliated to Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Egypt. Subjects of this study was a purposive sample of (100) mothers with their children attended outpatient clinics. A developed structured questionnaire sheet to assess mothers' knowledge and reported practice. Results: there was a statistically significant difference in mothers' knowledge and reported practice about preventive measures of acute gastroenteritis post implementation of educational guidelines. Conclusion: there was an enhancement in the mothers' knowledge and reported practice after application of educational guidelines about preventive measures of acute gastroenteritis. Recommendations: Continuous educational programs for health care providers and educators about gastroenteritis to be delivered at outpatient clinics.

Background Adaptive behaviour among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder determines wide range of self-independent and autonomous activities. Adaptive behaviour is a clearly defined measurable variable that can be used as an outcome, hence impacts intervention and training programs. The current study aims to determine the socio-economic and demographic factors that are associated with adaptive behaviour among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in Egypt. In this observational cross sectional study, caregivers’ reports on their children with a confirmed diagnosis of autism spectrum were obtained. Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale was used to assess adaptive behaviour among children aged 3–6 years and admitting at the outpatient clinic. Socioeconomic Status Scale was used to assess family socioeconomic status. Results Participants in the current study scored low in domains of adaptive behaviour. Older children scored low in adaptive behaviour compared to younger children. There was significant positive correlation between daily living activities subdomain of adaptive behaviour and education, occupation, family possessions, and home sanitation and health care domains of socioeconomic status scale. There were significant positive correlations between socialization subdomain of adaptive behaviour and education, occupation, family, and family possessions and home sanitation domains of the socioeconomic status scale. The motor functioning subdomain of adaptive behaviour correlates significantly with the following SES domains: education (r = .268), occupation (r = .274), family possessions (r = .232), economic (r = .195) and health care (r = .291). Results of the current study revealed that high socioeconomic status correlates with higher adaptive functioning in daily living skills, socialisation and motor skills domains of adaptive behaviour. Conclusion The correlations detected in the current study between adaptive behaviour and some social determinants of health can influence stakeholders’ decisions in planning and implementation of autism specific interventions.

Smoking at workplace (WP) is common among healthcare workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted upon resident physicians and nurses to determine the prevalence of WP smoking and its associated factors. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and occupational data, smoking history, nicotine dependence, and attitude toward smoking and its control in WP. More than one-fifths (22.7%) of residents and nurses were current WP smokers. Significant independent predictors are having shift work, high nicotine dependence, and having positive attitude toward smoking with AOR (95% CI): 29.4 (4.9-177.1), 18.2 (3.3-101.1), and 0.16 (0.02-0.84), respectively. The prevalence of smoking among resident physicians and nurses in Mansoura University Hospital is relatively high. Enforcement of WP smoking-free policies is required together with encouragement of positive attitude toward smoking cessation.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored multidimensional intervention in reducing the care burden of family caregivers of stroke survivors. This intervention considered caregivers’ perceived needs and incorporated three evidence-based dimensions (psychoeducation, skill-building and peer support).DesignA prospective randomised control trial.SettingA community-based study conducted in Egypt.ParticipantsA total of 110 caregivers aged ≥18 years who cared for a survivor within 6 months of stroke, with modified Rankin Scale scores of 3–5, and without other physical disabilities or terminal illnesses were recruited between December 2019 and May 2020. Participants were assigned to the intervention group (IG; n=55) and control group (CG; n=55) through open-label, parallel 1:1 randomisation.InterventionThe IG was provided with tailored multidimensional interventions for 6 months until November 2020, including three home visits, six home-based telephone calls and one peer-support session. The CG received simple educational instructions at a single visit.OutcomeThe participants completed the Zarit Burden Interview (primary outcome) and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (secondary outcome) before the intervention (T0), at 3 months (T1) and at 6 months (T2).ResultsNo differences were observed between the characteristics of the groups at baseline (T0). The independent t-test showed no significant differences in the care burden and Quality of Life (QoL) at T1 and T2 between the groups. The intervention had no significant effect on the outcomes between or within groups over time, as shown by the repeated-measures analysis of variance. However, the group and time interaction had significant main effects on caregivers’ QoL (psychological and social domains).ConclusionThe main results showed that participants in the IG did not experience an improvement in the main outcomes. Nevertheless, the improvement in the psychological and social domains may have been attributed to our intervention.Trial registration numberNCT04211662.

Introduction The nursing literature is silent about the relationship between ethical leadership, nurses’ flourishing, and extra-role behavior. This study was carried out to contribute to the relevant field research. Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between nurses’ perceptions of their nursing managers’ ethical leadership behavior, nurses’ flourishing, and their extra-role behavior. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 302 nurses from six hospitals in Damietta City, Egypt. Data were collected using the following three self-report scales: Ethical Leadership at Work questionnaire, Flourishing Scale, and extra-role behavior scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical, Pearson correlation, regression analysis and the structure equation model. Results There was a significant positive relationship between nursing managers’ ethical leadership, nurses’ flourishing, and extra-role behavior. The regression analysis showed that the ethical leadership of nursing managers and nurses’ flourishing predict extra-role behavior. Conclusion Nurses with a high level of flourishing and who work with a manager exhibiting ethical leadership behavior are more likely to activate extra-role behavior. Hence, it is recommended that nursing managers embrace an ethical approach in their leadership practices and promote flourishing among nurses to encourage them to go the extra the mile in their jobs.

Aim This study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background As COVID‐19 is a new disease, its spread and emergence cause fear, anxiety and confusion among the general population. Nurses are in close contact with infected persons, and their knowledge plays an important role in preventing the transmission chain. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, 207 nurses were selected using convenience sampling from 29 March to 19 April 2020. The study used a questionnaire assessing the nurses' baseline characteristics, their source of information, knowledge, concerns, the perceived impact and their preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results Around half of the surveyed nurses (51.2%) reported that the Ministry of Health's and World Health Organization's websites and official pages were their main sources of information. The majority of nurses (81.6%) knew the nature of the virus, 83.6% agreed that their job puts them at risk of infection with COVID‐19 and 72% felt personally prepared for the pandemic. Conclusion The majority of nurses had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. However, psychological interventions are needed to be addressed in the planning stage before any pandemic., Summary statement What is already known about this topic? It is well established that COVID‐19 is a highly infectious disease with a fatality rate of about 6.48% in Egypt.Studies about nursing and COVID‐19 are relatively few.There is a lack of data regarding the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward COVID‐19. What does this paper add? Nurses prefer gaining their knowledge regarding COVID‐19 from the Ministry of Health's and the World Health Organization's websites and official pages rather than the social media websites.Nurses have an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. The majority of surveyed nurses knew the nature of the virus along with its signs and symptoms.The majority of surveyed nurses feel that their job puts them at the risk of infection with COVID‐19, and they are quite afraid of being infected. The implications of this paper: Psychological interventions are needed in the planning stage before any pandemic to enhance the protection of nurses and health care workers and to reduce the psychological impact.Sustainable awareness programmes are required for health care workers, keeping them up to date with the most recent information regarding prevention and management methods from the World Health Organization's guidelines and other instructional materials.Hospitals can hold meetings and organize regular psychological support groups to allow nurses to manage their fears and acquire stress reduction strategies.

Background: Human resource practices (HRP) have a unique role in healthcare organizations, especially among nurses. Therefore, a valid and reliable tool to measure HRP is crucial. The present study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Human resource practices (HRP) scale into Arabic language among nurses. Methods: A methodological study was applied in a sample of 328 nurses from 16 hospitals in Port-Said, Egypt. Face, content, construct and concurrent validity were assessed. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability were evaluated. Results: The Arabic version of HRP scale had good content validity with I-CVI ranged from 0.727 to 1 and S-CVI with the average approach 0.961. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a better fit for the second-order model consisting of performance enhancement and employee support factors (CFI, NFI and RMSEA= 0.932, 0.926, and 0.064; respectively). The Arabic version of HRP scale correlated significantly with performance excellence and nurses' performance (r= 0.701, and 0.565; respectively), indicating good concurrent validity. Internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha was 0.95 and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.91 for the total scale showed good reliability. Conclusion: The Arabic version of HRP scale showed evidence of validity and reliability, and it could be recommended for use in clinical and research settings to assess HRP among Arabic nurses.

The present study aims to assess the emotional intelligence in relation to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with depressive disorders. A descriptive correlational study was utilized with a sample of (106) depressed patients who were diagnosed by a psychiatrist with depressive disorders at psychiatric outpatient clinics in Mansoura University Hospital. Data were collected through assessing socio demographic and clinical characteristics, assessing level of depression using Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II, and assessing emotional intelligence using Barchard emotional intelligence scales. Results revealed that emotional intelligence not related significantly to socio demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with depressive disorders, there is a highly significant relationship between emotional intelligence in relation to level of depression and other practices used to alleviate depression. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct a periodical workshops and training programs for adolescents and young in the universities, schools, social clubs, camps and youth organizations to enhance their emotional intelligence in order to prevent depression. In addition, assessing the effect of emotional intelligence programs on preventing and managing depression.

Present study aims to assess the severity of autistic symptoms and adaptive behavior and the relationship between the two variables among Egyptian sample of children with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD). A descriptive study was utilized with a sample of(28) children diagnosed with ASD by a consultant psychiatrist at "Maharaty center" in "Alzhour Association for community development". It’s a governmental association affiliated to the Ministry of Social Affairs. Data collected using three tools, one for assessing socioeconomic status scale for health research in Egypt, the second for assessing the severity of autistic symptoms using Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS), and the third for assessing adaptive behavior using Vinland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS). Results reveals that the severity of autistic symptoms correlate significantly and negatively with communication, daily living skills and social behavior where no significant relation between severity of autistic symptoms and motor skills. In conclusion, there is a significant negative relationship between severity of autistic symptoms and adaptive behavior. Therefore, it is recommended for nurses to enhance adequate training about adaptive behavior for those children to minimize their dependence and disability.

IntroductionCaring for stroke survivors creates high levels of care burden among family caregivers. Previous initiatives at alleviating the care burden have been unsuccessful. The proposed study aims to evaluate the effect of a tailored multidimensional intervention on the care burden among family caregivers of stroke survivors. Based on the perceived needs of family caregivers, this intervention takes into account scientific recommendations to combine three different approaches: skill-building, psychoeducation and peer support.Methods and analysisUsing a prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel-group design, 110 family caregivers will be enrolled from Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt between December 2019 and May 2020, and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The tailored multidimensional intervention will be administered for 6 months, including three home visits, six home-based telephone calls and one peer support session. The primary outcome is the care burden as measured using the Zarit Burden Interview. Secondary outcomes include changes in the family caregivers’ perceived needs (Family Needs Questionnaire-Revised), coping strategies (Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) and quality of life (WHO Quality of Life-BREF). Outcomes evaluation will be conducted at baseline (T0), month 3 (T1) and month 6 (T2). Independent t-test will be performed to compare the mean values of study variables between the two groups at both T1 and T2. After adjusting for confounding variables, analysis of covariance will be used to assess the effect of the intervention. In addition, repeated measures analysis of variance will be conducted to assess changes in effect over time.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (P.0195). The results will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal, and findings will be disseminated at the local and international levels.Trial registration numberNCT04211662.

The study aims to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and levels of depression among patients with depressive disorders. A descriptive correlational study was utilized with a sample of (106) depressed patients who were diagnosed by a psychiatrist with depressive disorders and attend outpatient clinics in Mansoura University Hospitals. Data were collected by using three tools, one for assessing socio demographic characteristics which developed by the investigator, and the second for assessing level of depression using Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II, and the third for assessing emotional intelligence using Barchard emotional intelligence questionnaire. Results revealed a varied, significant negative correlation between level of depression and positive expressivity, attending emotion, responsive joy, emotion and decision making and empathetic concern. In conclusion, there is a highly significant relationship between the level of depression and emotional intelligence. Therefore, it is recommended to use the emotional intelligence in preventing and managing depression.