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Introduction: Nail psoriasis is a relatively unexplored clinical feature in the Indian population. Its correlation with cutaneous, musculoskeletal, and serological manifestations was analyzed. Material and Methods: This study included 45 patients with clinically evident nail psoriasis. Clinical characteristics, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Nail Psoriasis Quality of Life Index 10 (NPQ10) scores and serological markers, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Rheumatoid Arthritis factor (RA factor) were documented, calculated, and assessed to study their correlation. Results: Mean age was 35.36 ± 13.26 years. Mean NAPSI and NPQ10 were 41.96 ± 29.38 and 5.44 ± 5.31, respectively. Common nail findings were onycholysis (80%), subungual hyperkeratosis (75.5%), and pitting (62.2%). Joint involvement was seen in 31.11% of patients. Positive associations of NAPSI with duration of illness (P < 0.001, β = 0.57) and PASI scores (P < 0.001, β = 0.56) were observed. NPQ10 demonstrated associations with NAPSI (P < 0.001, β = 0.83) and PASI (P = 0.001, β = 0.83). Elevated ESR and CRP levels were associated with higher NAPSI scores (P < 0.001, β = 0.55, and P = 0.003, β = 0.43, respectively). Furthermore, duration of illness, NAPSI, and NPQ10 scores were positively correlated with joint involvement (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A strong correlation between nail psoriasis severity, disease duration, skin involvement, and nail-specific quality of life was observed. Furthermore, severe nail psoriasis was linked to a higher likelihood of joint involvement and elevated serological markers. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated treatment strategies for affected patients.

Aim: To study the immunoexpression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in Hansen’s disease to assess the diagnostic and prognostic significance. Objective: NGF is a neurotrophin and an important growth factor for the tissue remodeling process. Higher expression of NGF is observed in the lepromatous forms when compared to tuberculoid forms. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology and Dermatology at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, in 50 patients of Hansen’s disease. Results: The study included 50 cases of Hansen’s disease. The majority of the cases were of borderline lepromatous, 15 (30.0%), followed by 12 (24.0%) cases each of borderline tuberculoid and tuberculoid leprosy. Higher staining intensity of NGF and a higher percentage of positive cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy (LL) cases as compared to tuberculoid leprosy (TT) cases. The highest number of cases with a high immunoreactivity score (IRS) was of LL, whereas TT cases showed a low IRS. Conclusion: The immunoexpression of NGF was more intense on the lepromatous side of the spectrum compared to the tuberculoid side, indicating the severity of the disease with less potential for cure.

The development and assessment of pharmaceutical dosage forms make considerable use of gamma-scintigraphy. Gamma scintigraphy is an imaging technique that is integrated with CT to assess and evaluate the targeting of drugs to various delivery sites, the impact of treatment, and the severity of the disease. A small number of radioisotopes were tagged with the delivery system and emitted radiation can be visualized by the gamma camera which forms a 2-D image displaying the tissue-specific distribution of radioactivity. The isotopes that are used widely include Technetium-99 m (99Tc), Iodine (131I), Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) and Gallium (Ga67), Indium (111In). This review mainly covers different applications of gamma scintigraphy for the assessment of drug targeting via different routes to different organs and their visualization by gamma scintigraphy. The review mainly focuses assessment of drug targeting in the tumor tissue, thyroid gland, brain, pulmonary pathway, skin deposition, detection of renal impairment as well as cardiac diseases, drug release from formulations, drug deposition in arthritis, drug retention in the scalp, and behavior of formulation when administered via intra-vaginal route. Various pre-clinical and clinical studies were included in the review that demonstrates the importance and future of gamma scintigraphy in sensing drug delivery.

Composite construction materials are extensively employed and have proven to be more effective than their individual components, such as steel and concrete. This is because composites combine the strengths of different materials, resulting in enhanced properties such as increased strength-to-weight ratios, better durability, and improved thermal efficiency. However, despite the strong structural properties and energy-saving benefits of reinforced concrete sandwich panels, their use is restricted in many rural regions of developing nations like Pakistan, largely because of the economic limitations faced by the communities. Therefore, this study introduces cost-effective structural mud insulated panels (SMIPs) that utilize mud wythes and evaluates their mechanical performance. These panels consist of a lightweight Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam core, sandwiched between two galvanized steel-reinforced mud layers. The study includes flexural, compression, diagonal tension, and water absorption tests. Flexural tests revealed that the panels have substantial load-bearing capacity under bending forces. Whereas, Compression tests showed that the panels possess adequate strength and stiffness to support moderate structural loads. Additionally, Diagonal tension tests confirmed the panels’ ability to resist significant in-plane loads. Water absorption tests also indicated that the panels demonstrated adequate moisture resistance, staying within the acceptable limit of 15%. These findings highlight the mechanical and hydric properties of SMIPs, underscoring their potential in sustainable construction, especially in economically constrained regions.

In practical applications, steel single angles are often subjected to eccentric loading when connected to a gusset plate through one leg only, resulting in complex compression behaviour. This behaviour has not been as extensively studied as that of concentrically loaded members. Various international codes of practice offer differed approaches for designing these elements. The literature indicates that the Indian Standard Code IS 800–2007 accurately predicts the axial capacity of eccentrically loaded single angle columns. However, a recent amendment to IS 800 in 2024 introduced modified design provisions. This study is the first to explore the implications of these latest design provisions by comparing them with earlier provisions and experimental strengths reported in the literature. Initially, the design strengths as per the previous and latest design provisions for various Indian Standard Angles (ISA) were presented and compared accounting for varying slenderness ratio, plate slenderness ratio (b/t), and different types of end connections and restraints. The findings reveal that the latest design provisions generally result in much higher design strengths compared to the earlier provisions, with a maximum increase of 104.84%. Upon noticing the significant variation, this study is further extended to compare with the reported data available in the literature. The nominal strengths calculated using the latest provisions were often higher than the strengths reported in the literature considered in this study, indicating potential unsafe design.

Introduction Molluscum contagiosum(MC) is a viral infection of the skin and mucous membrane characterized by single or multiple, pearly white to flesh-colored umbilicated papules. There are certain therapies that increase the cellular immune response either through a topical or systemic approach as cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in the regression of MC. Immunomodulatory medications are relatively newer modalities of treatment that have been more successful for patients with widespread and potentially disfiguring eruptions. Objective To study the effect and safety of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) immunotherapy in patients with multiple Mollusca. Patients and methods The study included 200 patients with multiple MC. They were injected with the MMR vaccine intralesionally into 2-3 lesions including the largest mollusca up to a maximum of 0.3 ml in one sitting every 2 weeks for a maximum of 5 treatments at a 2-week interval (week: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) or till the complete resolution of MC whichever was earlier. The action of the MMR vaccine was assessed by the reduction of the number of lesions and the day of resolution of lesions. The response of all patients at subsequent visits (at second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and 10th week from the initiation of therapy which was taken as week 0) was analyzed. All the patients were subjected to photographic documentation before the initiation of therapy, during therapy, and at 1 month (week 14) and 3 months (week-22) of the follow-up period. Results Out of 200 patients, 184 completed the study. There were 116 males and 84 females. The mean age of study participants was 17.17±12.64 years. At the end of the study complete resolution of MC was seen in 149 (81%) patients, 21 (11.4%) patients had relative response while a poor response was seen in 14 (7.6%) of patients. Mild tolerable pain was seen in 25 (12.5%) patients during injection followed by pigmentary changes in 17 (8.5%) patients and scarring in 12 (6%) patients. Conclusion Intralesional immunotherapy with the MMR vaccine is an effective and safe modality for the treatment of MC.

BACKGROUND: E-cadherin is known to have an important role in the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition process and in the tumor progression. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study the expression of immunomarker E-cadherin and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic significance in breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 90 diagnosed cases of breast carcinoma presenting clinically with breast lumps. Immunohistochemistry was performed by E-cadherin antibodies and evaluated. RESULTS: Majority of the cases were seen in the age group of 41–50 years, 32 (35.6%). Most of the patients were postmenopausal females, 53 (59.5%). The most common subtype involved was invasive carcinoma No special type (NST) in 78 (86.7%) with Grade 2 in 55 (70.5%) cases. E-cadherin expression was strong in Grade 1 tumors, mixed intensity in Grade 2 tumors, and weak in Grade 3 tumors. Of 11 cases of metastasis, 8 (72.7%) cases showed 1+ E-cadherin immunoexpression and 3 (27.3%) cases showed 2+ immunoexpression. The statistical correlation between E-cadherin immunoexpression with tumor recurrence and distant metastasis was found to be significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with moderate-to-high expression of E-cadherin had a longer disease-free survival. High grade and advanced stage of carcinoma had absent or weak expression of E-cadherin and was associated with aggressive tumor characteristics with early recurrence, distant metastasis, and reduced disease-free survival.

Isolating the neural mechanisms of consciousness is complicated by task report and other irrelevant signals. Here, the authors removed report and eye movement confounds to uncover large scale cortical-subcortical networks specific for human visual consciousness.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the apocrine glands characterized clinically by recurrent nodules, abscesses, and discharging sinuses which heal with a bridge or rope-like scars in the axilla, groin, and perineum. HS is seen to be associated with several other autoimmune and pilosebaceous structural disorders. We present the case of a 50-year-old obese female, known case of HS for 3 years who developed hyperpigmented indurated plaques over the breasts for the past 1 year. Histopathology from the plaques showed thickened and homogenized collagen bundles. A diagnosis of plaque morphea was made based on the clinical and histopathological findings. There are few case reports of HS associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, and systemic vasculitis. We discuss the shared pathogenesis of HS and CTDs which may have led to morphea developing in our patient.

Abstract Nanomaterials have achieved remarkable importance in cooling small electronic gadgets like akin and microchips devices. The role of nanoparticles is essential in various aspects, especially in biomedical engineering. Thus hybrid nanomaterials is introduced to strengthen the heat exchangers' performance. In view of the above practical and existing applications of nanomaterials. Our aim is to examine the consequences of Darcy–Forchheimer's radiative and Hall current flow of nanomaterials over a rotating porous disk with variable characteristics. Stretching disk accounting for the slip condition. Nanoparticles ZnO and CoF2O4 are dispersed in based fluid water. The present model is utilized for thermo-physical attributes of hybrid nanomaterials with the impact of shape factor. Transformations convert the modeled PDEs into ODEs. The obtained highly non-linear system is tackled numerically by the NDSolve technique through the software Mathematica. The outcomes of significant variables against different profiles are executed and elaborated in detail. Obtained results show that both nano and hybrid nanofluid radial velocity have reverse behavior against variable porosity and permeability parameters, whereas it decays for larger Forchheimer numbers. Further, it is worthy to point out that, hybrid nanophase has a higher impact on distinct profiles when compared with nano and common liquid phases.

Griscelli syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypopigmentation of skin and hair. Griscelli syndrome type 2, one of the three subtypes of Griscelli syndrome, is characterized by recurrent infections, in addition to pigmentary abnormalities. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl with late onset of Griscelli syndrome type 2 features: pigmentary changes of hair and skin, hepatosplenomegaly, pancreatitis and pancytopenia. We also highlight the diagnostic dilemma in patients with coexisting features of malnutrition. Both conditions show some overlapping clinical features and hence, establishing a diagnosis may be challenging.

Abstract In solar heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), communications are designed to create new 3D mathematical models that address the flow of rotating Sutterby hybrid nanofluids exposed to slippery and expandable seats. The heat transmission investigation included effects such as copper and graphene oxide nanoparticles, as well as thermal radiative fluxing. The activation energy effect was used to investigate mass transfer with fluid concentration. The boundary constraints utilized were Maxwell speed and Smoluchowksi temperature slippage. With the utilization of fitting changes, partial differential equations (PDEs) for impetus, energy, and concentricity can be decreased to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To address dimensionless ODEs, MATLAB’s Keller box numerical technique was employed. Graphene oxide Copper/engine oil (GO-Cu/EO) is taken into consideration to address the performance analysis of the current study. Physical attributes, for example, surface drag coefficient, heat move, and mass exchange are mathematically processed and shown as tables and figures when numerous diverse factors are varied. The temperature field is enhanced by an increase in the volume fraction of copper and graphene oxide nanoparticles, while the mass fraction field is enhanced by an increase in activation energy.

Abstract The present study probed the creation of heat energy and concentrating into Newtonian liquids across vertical 3D-heated plates. The role of the Soret and Dufour theories in concentrating and energy formulas is discussed. The role of hybrid nanoparticles is introduced to illustrate particle efficiency in terms of solute and thermal energy. It is removed a viscous dissipation process and a changing magnetic field. The proposed approach is motivated by the need to maximize solute and thermal energy uses in biological and industrial domains. The constructed system of (partial differential equations) PDEs includes concentration, momentum, and thermal energy equations within various thermal characteristics. Transformations are used to formulate the system of (ordinary differential equations) ODEs for solution. To assess various features vs various variables, a Galerkin finite element approach is used. Motion into nanoscale components is shown to be smaller than motion into hybrid nanoparticles. Furthermore, fluctuations in heat energy and solute particle counts are seen in relation to changes in Soret, Eckert, magnetic, and Dufour numbers. The basic finding is that the generation of thermal energy for hybridized nanomaterials is much higher.

In this study, we assess healthcare providers’ adherence to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) guidelines for gentamicin in neonates. Conducted at the Maternity and Children’s Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from July 2020 to July 2022, it retrospectively analyzed the compliance of healthcare workers in managing neonates treated with gentamicin. Covering 410 neonates, primarily diagnosed with respiratory distress (56%) and sepsis (32%), the study revealed that while a majority of trough and peak levels conformed to guidelines, substantial deviations were noted in cases of respiratory distress. This underlines the necessity for targeted TDM strategies, particularly in managing respiratory distress in neonates, to ensure optimal treatment efficacy and safety. The findings urge stringent compliance with TDM guidelines, emphasizing personalized approaches in neonatal gentamicin therapy for improved healthcare outcomes.

Current COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire globe. While there was no vaccine neither any specific treatment, investigational use of convalescent plasma has been explored in clinical trials. A prospective multicenter study of convalescent plasma was conducted. Donors were tested for total Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) and RT-PCR for COVID-19. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect semi-quantitative and quantitative IgG anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies. IgG Immunofluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was used to recheck seronegative donors. A total of 400 donors were enrolled. Twelve donors were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR. Nine of 12 donors had developed SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, while in 3 donors antibodies were not developed. A total of 70 donors (17.5%) were deferred due to seronegative status; 64 (16%) of them did not develop antibodies when plasma collection was planned. The IgG semiquantitative ELISA was positive in 282 and quantitative in 284 of 330 donors with a mean value of >1:160 and 44.10±39.22 IU/ml respectively. A total of 116 (29%) donors did not show IgG humoral response to COVID-19 even 28 days from the onset of illness. Subsequently, LFIA method was able to detect IgG antibodies in 20 of 48 (41.6%) seronegative donors and in 20 of 34 (58.8%) ECLIA positive ELISA negative donors. Viral RNA detection in recovered asymptomatic patients with concomitant IgG antibodies indicates recovery. Inability to detect antibodies by different testing kits may be due to their different antigenic targets or sensitivity. Significance of a positive COVID-19 RT-PCR in asymptomatic recovered patients is yet to be determined.

Children with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) Type IV present with loss of pain and temperature sensation and anhidrosis. They may sometimes exhibit aggressive and self-mutilating behavior. We present here the case of a 5-year-old male child who presented with a history of self-mutilating behavior leading to ulcers over knees, elbows, toes and occiput, and amputation of index fingers of both hands. The patient had loss of temperature and pain sensation, but touch was normal. There was anhidrosis. Serum uric acid levels were normal. Histamine test was absent, and nerve studies showed decreased conduction velocity. A diagnosis of HSAN Type IV was made. This case is being presented as self-mutilation was the prominent complaint of the parents of the child. We also discuss the differences between HSAN Type IV and Lesch−Nyhan syndrome.

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic pigmentary disorder resulting in hypopigmentary areas which progressively become amelanotic. The onset of vitiligo in childhood leads to severe psychological trauma to both patients and their parents. Aim: The aim was to study the clinical profile of childhood vitiligo (

This work reports the mid-IR spectroscopy and reaction kinetics of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (2M13DO). We carried out spectroscopic measurements to deduce temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections of 2M13DO over a broad wavelength range of 8.4–10.5 μm (950–1190 cm−1). For these measurements, we employed a rapidly tuning MIRcat-QT™ laser that can be operated either at a fixed wavelength or scanned mode over wide wavelength regions. By operating the laser at a fixed wavelength, we monitored the decay of 2M13DO behind reflected shock waves over T5 = 1050–1400 K and P5 = 0.7 and 2.6 bar. Our measured concentration time-histories of 2M13DO allowed us to directly extract the overall rate coefficients for the unimolecular decomposition of 2M13DO using the first-order rate law. We did not observe any pressure dependence in the measured rate coefficients, indicating that the reaction is close to the high-pressure limit. By employing the W1U composite method, we explored the important pyrolysis reaction pathways of 2M13DO in the reactive potential energy surface. Three important reaction channels, namely, 2M13DO → CH2CHOCH2CH2OH (IM1), 2M13DO → 2CH3CHO (P3), 2M13DO → CH3 + 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl (P4) were identified. Below 700 K, IM1 forming channel is dominant, whereas CH3CHO formation is dominant under our experimental conditions. Above 1500 K, the radical forming channel (CH3+P4) takes over other channels. At higher temperatures, the contribution of the radical forming channel continually increases, accounting for ∼ 99% at 2000 K. We used the stochastic RRKM-ME model to predict the pressure and temperature dependence of the rate coefficients, k(T, P), and time-resolved species profiles. Our theory showed excellent agreement with the measured rate coefficients. These are the first direct determination of the rate coefficients of the unimolecular decomposition of 2M13DO.

Background and Objectives: Curcumin, derived from Curcuma longa, is a well-known traditional medicinal compound recognized for its therapeutic attributes. Nevertheless, its efficacy is hampered by limited bioavailability, prompting researchers to explore the application of nanoemulsion as a potential alternative. Materials and Methods: This study delves into the antihypertensive effects of curcumin nanoemulsion (SNEC) by targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and oxidative stress in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertensive rats. To gauge the cardio-protective impact of SNEC in DOCA salt-induced hypertension, molecular docking was undertaken, uncovering curcumin’s high affinity and adept binding capabilities to the active site of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Additionally, the investigation employed uninephrectomized rats to assess hemodynamic parameters via an AD instrument. Serum ACE, angiotensin II, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were quantified using ELISA kits, while antioxidant parameters were evaluated through chemical assays. Result: The outcomes of the molecular docking analysis revealed robust binding of curcumin to the ACE active site. Furthermore, oral administration of SNEC significantly mitigated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure in contrast to the DOCA-induced hypertensive group. SNEC administration also led to a reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and an elevation in the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (LV (dP/dt) max). Moreover, SNEC administration distinctly lowered serum levels of ACE and angiotensin II compared to the hypertensive DOCA group. Renal markers, including serum creatinine and BUN, displayed a shift toward normalized levels with SNEC treatment. Additionally, SNEC showcased potent antioxidant characteristics by elevating reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels, while decreasing the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings underscore that curcumin nanoemulsion exerts noteworthy cardio-protective effects through ACE activity inhibition and remarkable antioxidant properties.

The reaction of NH2 radicals with C3H8 is crucial for understanding the combustion behavior of NH3/C3H8 blends. In this study, we investigated the temperature dependence of the rate coefficients for the hydrogen abstraction reactions of C3H8 by NH2 radicals using high-level theoretical approaches. The potential energy surface was constructed at the CCSD(T)/cc-pV(T, Q)//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, and the rate coefficients were computed using conventional transition state theory, incorporating the corrections for quantum tunneling and hindered internal rotors (HIR). The computed rate coefficients showed a strong curvature in the Arrhenius behavior, capturing the experimental literature data well at low temperatures. However, at T > 1500 K, the theory severely overpredicted the experimental data. The available theoretical studies did not align with the experiment at high temperatures, and the possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. At 300 K, the reaction of NH2 with C3H8 predominantly occurs at the secondary C-H site, which accounts for approximately 95% of the total reaction flux. However, the hydrogen abstraction reaction at the primary C-H site becomes the dominant reaction above 1700 K. A composite kinetic model was built, which incorporated the computed rate coefficients for NH2 + C3H8 reactions. The importance of NH2 + C3H8 reactions in predicting the combustion behavior of NH3/C3H8 blends was demonstrated by kinetic modeling.